LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT [email protected] 1ASTR...

47
LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT [email protected] 1 ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

Transcript of LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT [email protected] 1ASTR...

Page 1: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 1

LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010

ASTR 101, SECTION 3INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT

[email protected]

Page 2: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 2

Page 3: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 3

Page 4: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 4

Page 5: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 5

Page 6: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 6

Page 7: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 7

Question 4

A star’s proper motion is its

a) true motion in space.b) apparent shift as we view from opposite sides of

Earth’s orbit every six months.c) annual apparent motion across the sky.d) motion toward or away from us, revealed by

Doppler shifts.e) orbital motion around the galaxy.

Page 8: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 8

Question 4

A star’s proper motion is its

a) true motion in space.b) apparent shift as we view from opposite sides of

Earth’s orbit every six months.c) annual apparent motion across the sky.d) motion toward or away from us, revealed by

Doppler shifts.e) orbital motion around the galaxy.

A star’s “real space motion” combines its apparent proper motion with its radial motion toward or away from Earth.

Page 9: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 9

Page 10: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 10

Page 11: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 11

Page 12: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 12

Question 8

Which of the following quantities do you need in order to calculate a star’s luminosity?

a) apparent brightness (flux)b) Doppler shift of spectral linesc) color of the stard) distance to the stare) a and d

Page 13: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 13

Question 8

a) apparent brightness (flux)b) Doppler shift of spectral linesc) color of the stard) distance to the stare) a and d

Which of the following quantities do you need in order to calculate a star’s luminosity?

Page 14: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 14

Page 15: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 15

Question 5

In the stellar magnitude system invented by Hipparchus, a smaller magnitude indicates a _____ star.

a) brighterb) hotterc) coolerd) faintere) more distant

Page 16: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 16

Question 5

In the stellar magnitude system invented by Hipparchus, a smaller magnitude indicates a _____ star.

a) brighterb) hotterc) coolerd) faintere) more distant

Page 17: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 17

Question 7

The absolute magnitude of a star is its brightness as seen from a distance of

a) one million km.b) one Astronomical Unit.c) one light-year.d) ten parsecs.e) ten light-years.

Page 18: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 18

Question 7

The absolute magnitude of a star is its brightness as seen from a distance of

a) one million km.b) one Astronomical Unit.c) one light-year.d) ten parsecs.e) ten light-years.

Astronomers use a distance of 10 parsecs (about 32 light-years) as a standard for specifying and comparing the

brightnesses of stars.

Page 19: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 19

Page 20: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 20

Page 21: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 21

Page 22: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 22

Page 23: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 23

Page 24: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 24

Question 12

Which spectral classification type corresponds to a star like the Sun?

a) Ob) Ac) Fd) Ge) M

Page 25: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 25

Question 12a) Ob) Ac) Fd) Ge) M

The OBAFGKM classification scheme is based on absorption lines.

Which spectral classification type corresponds to a star like the Sun?

Page 26: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 26

Page 27: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 27

Page 28: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 28

Page 29: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 29

Page 30: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 30

Page 31: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 31

Page 32: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 32

Page 33: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 33

Question 9

What are the two most important intrinsic properties for classifying stars?

a) distance and surface temperatureb) luminosity and surface temperature c) distance and luminosityd) mass and agee) distance and color

Page 34: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 34

Question 9

What are the two most important intrinsic properties for classifying stars?

a) distance and surface temperatureb) luminosity and surface temperature c) distance and luminosityd) mass and agee) distance and color

The H–R diagram plots stars based on their luminosities and surface

temperatures.

Page 35: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 35

Page 36: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 36

Page 37: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 37

Page 38: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 38

Page 39: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 39

Page 40: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 40

Page 41: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 41

Page 42: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 42

Page 43: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 43

Question 15

Eclipsing binary stars are very useful for determining the

a) ages of stars.b) absolute luminosities of stars.c) masses of stars.d) distances to stars.e) rotation rates of stars.

Page 44: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 44

Question 15

Eclipsing binary stars are very useful for determining the

a) ages of stars.b) absolute luminosities of stars.c) masses of stars.d) distances to stars.e) rotation rates of stars.

Analysis of the lightcurve of an eclipsing binary star system can reveal the masses of the stars.

Page 45: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 45

Page 46: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 46

Page 47: LECTURE 16, OCTOBER 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010.

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 47