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LECTURE 14, OCTOBER 12, 2010

ASTR 101, SECTION 3INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT

jcbrandt@unm.edu

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HAYABUSA & ITOKAWA

• Hayabusa is a Japanese mission to the asteroid Itokawa, arrived Sept. 12, 2005

• Asteroid is 540 x 270 x 210 meters• Images available (see below)• Plan is to bring samples of the asteroid surface

back to Earth. Arrived June 13, 2010.• Particles in canister, under analysis.• Surface is very rough & studded with boulders

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a) beyond the orbit of Neptune.b) between Earth and the Sun.c) between Mars and Jupiter.d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or

behind it.e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured,

retrograde orbits.

Most asteroids are found

Question 7

a) beyond the orbit of Neptune.b) between Earth and the Sun.c) between Mars and Jupiter.d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or

behind it.e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured,

retrograde orbits.

Question 7

Most asteroids are found

The Asteroid Belt is located between

2.1 and 3.3 A U from the Sun.

Question 8

The asteroid belt is evidence of

a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed.

b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system.

c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.

d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.

Question 8

The asteroid belt is evidence of

a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed.

b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system.

c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.

d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.

Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets may have not changed at all since the solar

system formed.

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DAWN MISSION

• Launch, September 27, 2007. Used Mars gravity assist. Will orbit TWO bodies.

• VESTA-In orbit, 2011-2012. Large asteroid, major crater that yielded meteorites (HEDs). Size 550 km X 462 km.

• CERES-In orbit, 2015. Dwarf planet and largest asteroid. Nearly spherical. Diameter 950 km.

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REMEMBER !

• Meteorites are a major source of abundance information for the solar system

• The age of the solar system comes from radioactive dating of elements in “chondrules” in carbonaceous chondrites. The age is 4.56 x 109 years. The chondrules are estimated to have formed very quickly in the early solar system. The age is a crystallization age.

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REVIEW, CHAPTER 4THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Properties-Terrestrial vs. Jovian Planets• Comets-Nucleus, H-Cloud, Tails, DEs• Comet Reservoirs-Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud• Meteorites, Impacts/Craters• Asteroids, Meteor Showers• Formation Scenario, Age

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REVIEW, CHAPTER 5EARTH AND ITS MOON

• Interior structure, Seismic Wave, Continental drift

• Earth-Moon system, Tides, Formation of Moon

• Earth atmosphere, Global Warming, Ozone hole

• Lunar surface, Impacts• Earth’s magnetosphere

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REVIEW, CHAPTER 6THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

• Rotations• Mercury-surface and atmosphere• Venus-surface and atmosphere• Mars-surface and atmosphere• Water on Mars• Evolution of atmospheres

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REVIEW, CHAPTER 7THE JOVIAN PLANETS

• General properties, Gravitational “slingshots”• Jupiter-atmosphere (Great Red Spot), interior-

(metallic hydrogen)• Discovery of Uranus & Neptune, Seasons• Saturn-atmosphere and helium rain• Magnetospheres

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REVIEW, CHAPTER 8MOONS, RINGS, AND PLUTOIDS

• Galilean Moons-Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

• Moons of Saturn-Tital and Enceladus• Rings and Roche Limit, Triton• Pluto story• Kuiper Belt objects and Trans-Neptunian

Objects