Chapter 21 - Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process - Elsevier
Lecture 11a- 17 November 2014 This lecture is based largely on CHAPTER 23 IN KRAUSE'S FOOD NUTRITION...
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Transcript of Lecture 11a- 17 November 2014 This lecture is based largely on CHAPTER 23 IN KRAUSE'S FOOD NUTRITION...
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Lecture 11a- 17 November 2014
This lecture is based largely on CHAPTER 23 IN KRAUSE'S FOOD NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (ON RESERVE IN LIBRARY) AND CHAPTERS 7,8,9 IN ROLFES ET AL.
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Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marksfrom vitamins to end of course
-4 short answer questions-15 points each for a total of 60 points
covers whole course
-3 hours- 180 marks
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Lecture 11
OutlineMetabolic aspects of Nutrition and fitness/Sports Nutrition
Energy production ATP Anaerobic pathway Aerobic pathway Energy continuum Sources of fuel
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Outline of lectures 11ab
Energy production
Substrate choice
Intensity Duration Effect of training Diet
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Outline of lectures 11ab
Nutritional Requirements Fluid Fluid Balance Fluid Absorption
Factors affecting fluid absorption Requirements Short duration Endurance
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Outline of lectures 11ab
Nutritional Requirements Carbohydrate Types of carbohydrate
Pre-event
During event Post-event
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Outline of lectures 11ab
Nutritional Requirements Protein Endurance
Resistance Exercise
Amino acid supplementation
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Outline of lecture 11Nutritional Requirements Lipid
Minerals Iron Calcium Vitamins Anti-oxidant vitamins and B-
carotene C E B vitamins
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Outline of lectures 11ab
Regulation of metabolism
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More Detailed Comments
Energy production
Aerobic and anaerobic both provide ATP but which system predominates depends on oxygen supply to the tissues
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Energy productionATP Energy currency of the cell ATP to ADP plus Pi -done by ATPase Creatine phosphate is split to creatine and
phosphate -this provides the energy to
resynthesise ATP via creatine kinase
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Energy production
ATP
limited amount of creatine phosphate in the body so this is a very limited way to replace ATP- creatine phosphate process is anaerobic if all-out exercise -this process can only go
on for 5-8 seconds- eg power lifting
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Energy production Anaerobic pathway No oxygen
Glycolysis is the quickest way to make ATP Lactic acid is endproduct (enzyme
implications)
Two hydrogens transferred to pyruvate thus making lactate- This results in the freeing of NAD to participate further in making ATP-but relatively small amount of ATP synthesis
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Energy production Anaerobic pathway Lactic acid is rapidly removed from the muscle
and transported in the blood and is eventually converted to energy in the muscle, liver or brain OR it is converted to glycogen
Conversion to glycogen occurs largely in the
liver and to some extent in the muscle Lactic acid buildup in the blood leads to drop
in pH resulting in enzymatic activity drops which in turn results in fatigue
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Energy production Anaerobic pathway
Oxygen debt-recovery oxygen consumption- the difference between oxygen consumption in the post-exercise recovery phase and the
oxygen consumption at rest
Fuel source is limited to glucose and produces a relatively small amount of ATP relative to aerobic metabolism
All out effort for 60-120 seconds
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Energy productionAerobic pathway
If going for continued muscle activity of more than 90-120 seconds one needs oxygen
Energy is stored in high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP through a complex series of enzymatically guided reactions involving separation of hydrogen atoms from the parent compounds
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Energy production
Aerobic pathway
Vital to this process is the presence of coenzymes which act as hydrogen acceptors until the process of oxidative phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP
Ultimately hydrogen combines with O2 to
form water and the coenzymes are freed to accept more hydrogen so as to continue the process
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Energy productionAerobic pathway
Glucose is broken down much more efficiently than is the case with anaerobic glycolysis
In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is
converted to Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA enters the mitochondria and is
then introduced into the Kreb’s cycle
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Energy production Aerobic pathway
Proteins and lipids can also be metabolized to produce ATP
Lipids- the beta oxidation of lipids produces a large amount of ATP
Proteins can be catabolised to Acetyl CoA or
to Kreb’s cycle intermediates and in this way produce ATP
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Break