Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course...

18
Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture you will have: An understanding of what are composite materials What the various types of composite materials Why they are used How they are designed 1/17/2014 1

Transcript of Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course...

Page 1: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

At the end of this lecture you will have:

An understanding of what are composite materials

What the various types of composite materials

Why they are used

How they are designed

1/17/2014 1

Page 2: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are composites materials?

1/17/2014 2

Page 3: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are composites materials?

Many materials are composites made up of at least two constituents

1/17/2014 3

Page 4: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

1/17/2014 4

Page 5: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

Typically made of a matrix and 1 or more reinforcements 

They have different compositions, shapes and physical/chemical properties

1/17/2014 5

Page 6: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

Matrices

Polymer

Thermosets(Epoxy, Polyester)

Thermoplastics(Polystyrene, Nylons)

Metal

Alloys(Steels, Aluminiums)

Ceramic

Glass

Ceramics(Semi conductors, 

Cermets)

Cements

Carbon and Graphite 

1/17/2014 6

Page 7: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

The arrangement of the reinforcement (distribution, size, shape, and orientation matters)

Reinforcements

Fibres

Short

Long

Plies

Threads

Organic

Inorganic

Whiskers

Single crystals

Laminar Flakes Filled Particulates Microspheres

1/17/2014 7

Page 8: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

The type, distribution, size, shape, orientation, and arrangement of the reinforcement will determine the properties of the composites material and its anisotropy

1/17/2014 8

Page 9: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

What are the various types of composites materials?

Classification of composites:• Matrices: 

Organic Matrix Composites (OMCs)Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)carbon‐carbon composites

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)

• Reinforcements:Fibres reinforced compositesLaminar compositesParticulate composites

1/17/2014 9

Page 10: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

Why are composites materials used?

1/17/2014 10

Page 11: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

Why are composites materials used?

Advantages• Lower density (20 to 40%)• Higher directional mechanical properties (specific tensile 

strength (ratio of material strength to density) 4 times greater than that of steel and aluminium.

• Higher Fatigue endurance .• Higher toughness than ceramics and glasses.• Versatility and tailoring by design.• Easy to machine.• Can combine other properties (damping, corrosion).• Cost.

1/17/2014 11

Page 12: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

Why are composites materials used?

Disadvantages• Not often environmentally friendly.• Low recyclability.• Cost can fluctuate.• Can be damaged.• Anisotropic properties.• Matrix degrades.• Low reusability.

1/17/2014 12

Page 13: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

Why are composites materials used?

Interesting mix of properties in which density is always a plus

1/17/2014 13

Page 14: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

Why are composites materials used?

High versatility of shape and properties by design

1/17/2014 14

Page 15: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

How are composites materials designed?

1/17/2014 15

Page 16: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

How are composites materials designed?

By comparing, and trying to combine the properties of the various engineered materials to meet the specifications of the usage planned for the composite.

Composite material

Specifications

MatrixReinforcements

1/17/2014 16

Page 17: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

How are composites materials designed?

Properties of some matrices

1/17/2014 17

Page 18: Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials - Course …coursenotes.mcmaster.ca/4T03/Lecture_1.pdf · Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials At the end of this lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction to composite materials

How are composites materials designed?

Properties of some reinforcements

1/17/2014 18