Lecture 1 FMP-715 Energy Scenario
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Transcript of Lecture 1 FMP-715 Energy Scenario
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Renewable Energy Engineering
FMP-715 3(2-1)
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Recent World’s Energy Overview
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Definitions
When energy is released it is conerted to
either wor! (which i"#lies "otion o$ bodies
or "atter) or another $or" o$ energy s%chthat the s%" o$ wor! and other $or"s o$
energy is always consered&
Energy is a #ro#erty o$ eery #hysical
syste"' describing its ability to #er$or" wor!&
Energy !
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inetic energy
Potential energy her"al energy
*he"ical energy
Radiant energy
Electrical energy
For"s o$ energy
Energy!
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.
Renewable energy resources:Renewable energy reso%rces are that reso%rces which
be re#laced ra#idly by nat%ral #rocesses
e&g&' +olar energy' wind energy' biogas energy' energy$ro" bio"ass etc
Non-Renewable energy resources:
,on-renewable energy reso%rces are that reso%rces
which are not re#laced or are re#laced only ery slowly by nat%ral #rocesses
e&g&' energy $ro" $ossil $%els (#etrol' diesel' coal etc)
Renewable & Non-renewableenergy resources
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Energy Units
Joule:
1 J = work done by a force of 1 Newton moving a body overa distance of 1 meter
1 J = 1 newton.metre = 1 kg.m/s2.m = 1 kg.(m/s)2
Calorie:
1 Cal = amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of distilled water by 1 K at sea level and normal
temperature (15°C).
1 Cal = 4.185 J
Energy!
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Units of HeatCalorie (Cal)
It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperatre of onegram of water through 1°C
I kCal = 1000 Calories (1 kg through 1°C)
ritish !hermal Unit (!U)
It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1
pound (l") of water through 1°#
Centigrade heat unit (CHU)
It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temeperature of
one pound of water through 1°C
$oule
It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of
1%&'1 gram of water through 1°C
I k$oule(k$) = 1000 $oules
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Energy!
Units of Energy (continued)
Barrel of Oil Equivalent (BOE):
The barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) is a unit of energy based
on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (42
US gallons or 158.9873 liters) of crude oil
US gallon =3.785 liters
UK gallon = 4.546 liters
Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe):
The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the
amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil,
approximately 42 GJ
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kilowatt-hour:
1 (kW h) = 3.6×106 J
Electronvolt (eV):
1eV = 1.60217653×10−19 J
British Thermal Unit:
1 BTU = amount of heat needed to raise the temperatureof 1 lb. of water from 63°F to 64°F.
1 BTU = 252 Cal = 1054.6 J
Erg:
1 Erg = g cm2 / s2 = 1×10−7 J.
Units of Energy (continued)
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History of manind wit te Energy
ncient discoery o$ $ire and the #ossibility o$ b%rning wood
"ade large a"o%nt o$ energy aailable $or "an!ind' $or the
$irst ti"e .ater (abo%t /000 years &*&) c%lt%ral deelo#"ent began to
accelerate For seeral tho%sands years h%"an energy de"ands were
coered only by renewable energy so%rces
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History of Mankind with The Energy
his re"ained only %ntil the start o$ ind%strial reol%tion and
the ability to trans$or" heat into "otion&
hen ind%strial deelo#"ent and energy cons%"#tionaccelerated ra#idly&
he reol%tion o$ energy technology based "ainly on $ossil
$%els& t changed $ro" the %se o$ coal de#osits to oil and nat%ral gas
$ields on a global scale&
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History of Mankind with The Energy
Firewood used for the most of the 19 century.
By the beginning 20 century coal was the dominant energy
source
%ring the 1420s' oil in t%rn began to challenge and by the1470s had oerta!en it as the leading contrib%tor to world
s%##lies&
y then' nat%ral gas was also "a!ing a ery s%bstantial
contrib%tion' with n%clear energy and hydro #ower alsos%##lying s"aller b%t signi$icant a"o%nts&
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+%stainability "eans e$$icient %se o$ reso%rces $or e$$ectie
deelo#"ent that "eets the needs o$ the #resent witho%t
disgracing the ability o$ $%t%re generations to "eet their own
needs&
Energy Resources and Sustainability.
What does Sustainability mean ?
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Energy is a universal wealth has provided to the whole of
mankind.
Conclusions
Every thing we see around us has cost a lot more to create (in
terms of fuel consumption) than most of us are aware.
Small car costs about five times more energy to build than it
will actually consume in fuel during a service life of 200,000
miles. We (engineers) have to adopt the genuine philosophy of
‘build it’ to last forever, ‘maintain it’ to make it last forever.
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We must take care of the quality of life of thefuture generations as well as our’s.
We have to handle energy rationally which means;
Economically and,
Efficiently.
Conclusions
Moreover we must utilize energy and raw material wisely:
it is the moral obligation of our generation because energy
and raw material shortage involves economic decline and
poverty.
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Distribution of proved oilreserves
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Oil production by region
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Oil consumption by region
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Distribution of proved naturalgas reserves
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Natural gas production byregion
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Natural gas consumption byregion
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Coal production – Coalconsumption
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Nuclear energy consumption byregion
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Hydroelectricity consumption byregion
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World #ri"ary energy cons%"#tion
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Regional primary energyconsumption
patterns
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Pakistan’s Energy Sector
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Energy Potentials in Pa!istan
Potential $or al"ost all ty#es o$ renewable energies eists
in the co%ntry&
hese ty#es incl%de solar (P6 and ther"al)' wind' biogas'
"icrohydelcanal $all' biodiesel #rod%ction' bio"asswaste
to energy #rod%ction' geother"al' tidalocean energies' etc
8n aerage' solar global insolation 597 !Wh"2d eists inthe co%ntry oer "ore than 45: o$ its area&
Wind s#eed 597 "s #ersists in coastal regions o$ +indh
and alochistan #roinces and in a n%"ber o$ ,orth West
$rontier alleys& ccording to a s%rey' Pa!istan #ossesses"ore than 20'000MW o$ econo"ically iable wind #ower
#otential
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More than 1200 MW "icro"ini hydro#ower #otentialis esti"ated to be aailable in the co%ntry while
incl%ding #ower generation at northern "o%ntaino%s
region and so%thern #lane region incl%ding energy
generation thro%gh canal $all also&otal biogas generation #otential aailable in the
co%ntry is 1/&25 "illion "3 d-1
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he cr%de oil and nat%ral gas were /3&;3 and 551&22M8E res#ectiely& With #resent rate o$ cons%"#tion'
the reseres are s%$$icient $or "eeting oil and gas
energy de"ands o$ net 2&2; and 1;&/5 years
res#ectiely&he coal reseres were e