Lectio praecursoria, Leino Simo-Pekka

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Virtuaaliprototypoinnin vaikuttavuuden arvioinnin laajennettu viitekehys

Lähestymistapa virtuaaliympäristöjä hyödyntävään virtuaaliprototypointiin uustuotekehityksessä matalan volyymin tuotannossa

Reframing the value of virtual prototyping

Intermediary virtual prototyping - the evolving approach of virtual environments based virtual prototyping in the context of new product development and low

volume production

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technology to be presented with

due permission for public examination and criticism in Konetalo Building, Auditorium K1702, at Tampere University of Technology,

on the 22nd of May 2014 at 12 noon.

Lectio Praecursoria

Simo-Pekka Leino

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The thesis is available at:

https://dspace.cc.tut.fi/dpub/handle/123456789/22994

©Simo-Pekka Leino



My lecture aims to: • intorduce the practical industrial context • define the practical and scientific problems that this research

aims to solve • explain the high level research process • summarize the key results and conclusions

I begin the lecture by explaining the key terms and concepts of the title of my thesis • The main title referst to the theoretical contribution of the

research • The subtitle reveals the practical context of the research

©Simo-Pekka Leino

Motivation for the research • In literature virtual prototyping is mainly treated very technically. On the

other hand its benefits are claimed without solid evidence and justification from the business perspective

• This research does not treat virtual prototyping just as a technology, but rather its applications as a methodology within product development and business

• In this research context the therm ”virtual” means opposite to physical, e.g. a physical prototype

• ”Value” is a key concept of the thesis. It is given a wide meaning; use value / exchange value, social value, strategic business value, internal and external customers

• The slides following explain the context more from the perspectives of products, product development and product lifecycle

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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This slide introduces the industrial context of this research The photo shows the Metso Minerals factory area in Tampere. It aims to highlight how my research and this thesis is closely connected with manufacturing industry and its long tradition in Tampere and in Finland.

Nature of Finnish heavy manufacturing industry Products are partially configurable often including customization. Almost every product individual is different. Manual work (manufacture, assembly, etc.) intensive production. Low volume variant production, short series; compared e.g. to automotive industry.

This research included case studies within the Metso Minerals product development and product lifecycle management.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Industrial history and continuum In the same area and partly in same factory buildings operated Lokomo factory which is the predecessor of Metso Minerals. The Lokomo factory first manufactured locomotives, then ship propellers, forest machines, submarines, cannons, etc. Today, May 22, happens to be the day when Metso Minerals Tampere factory is celebrating 100 years anniversary. My research aims to contribute to the future succes of Metso Minerals and more generally to the Finnish manufacturing industry.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Today’s products of Metso Minerals The photo shows a typical product of Metso Minerals Tampere factory today. The main products are mobile rock crushing and screening machines for mining and construction business. They are large and heavy, complicated products in which lot of automation and high technology is packed to small space because they are transferred on truck trailers in highways. The machines process large rocks smaller, and assort them.

Finnish manufacturing industry Production volumes in heavy manufacturing are relatively low (10-200/year). The products are partially configurable often including engineering to order. In practice almost every machine individual is different. This is very different context compared e.g. to passenger car manufacturing models in literature

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Product functionality perspective The product may be often seen mainly the perspective of its functionality – what is does, e.g. efficient rock crushing. This is naturally the most important feature of the product from the customer perspective.

The concept of ”product” means two things: Product type; product specifications and descriptions – outcome of engineering design. The virtual product. Product individuals; product configurations – outcome of manufacture. The physical product.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Product lifecycle perspective Besides the product functionality, product delivery time, product reliability and maintainability are important for the customer as well. Additionally, product manufacturability and maintainability are important capabilities for the product manufacturing company as well, especially when service business model is increasingly important.

Produc lifecycle management (PLM) A business stretegy where the product lifecycle and the related information, processes, organisation, technologies, and management are in at the center. In colloquial language PLM abbreaviation often refers mainly to the information management systems which manage product items and documents. The information management systems enable effective product lifecycle management and business model. Anyway, the product processes and procedures are more essential for the successful business. ©Simo-Pekka Leino

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This research proposes how product development, engineering design and PLM should be changed in manufacturing companies, such as Metso Minerals. Furthermore, this research proposes how so called ”virtual environments based virtual prototyping” can add value to new product development and product lifecycle management as part of PLM-concept.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto

Markkinointi, tuotehallinta Hankinta

Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji

VIRTUAALINEN FYYSINEN

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto


Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji


Product development, new product development The process from an idea to a commercial product. Is described in literature and e.g. in companies’ quality manuals as process models such as in the figure. New product development (NPD) may have different drivers, thus different kind of NPD exist. e.g: • New product functions and properties valued by customers, e.g. crushing power • Legislation and directives, e.g. noise, pollution, emissions, dust (case study) • Manufacturability, maintainability (case study) NPD is typically managed as projects with several decision gates, such in the figure. Product development is a wider concept than engineering design. However these concepts are often mixed in practice

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto


Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji


Engineering design The process which produces product specifications and documentation including manufacturing and assembly specifications, instructions, etc. starting from fuzzy demands of users, customers, and other stakeholders. Starts from a product concept which is a rough description about how the demands are met with the new product. First intangible and virtual, conventionally becomes physical in prototyping phase, i.e. building the first machines in order to test and validate certain functions and properties of the product. In my research, I emphasize the importance of human and social dimension in design. It is challenging, because demands, opinions and knowledge about the product lifecycle are subjective, and difficult to be transformed into explicit design documentation – the difference between internal and external product properties. (concepts of engineering design theory of Hubka&Eder). Therefore, also engineering design should be seen as a wider concept than it is usually – involving the many product stakeholders.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto


Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji


Challenges Product development and engineering design should be seen as processes where all stakeholders are involved – not just design engineers. The NPD should be frontloaded with early feedback from the stakeholders. This is proposed as a major contribution of virtual prototyping in this research. How different stekeholders can be involved in NPD early enough?

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Virtual environments (VE) based virtual prototyping (VP) Engineering design is mainly done in 3D today (see the bottommost picture of a Lokotrack). However, 3D is utilised mostly in producing 2D manufacturing drawings Virtual prototype is a 3D-based digital computer model of a product. Aim is to substitute at least partly a physical machine (prototype) in early NPD phase for analysing certain product functions and properties from different perspectives, e.g. assembly and maintainability

VE is an advanced user interface to the virtual prototype computer model. It is more interactive and immersive (e.g. perspective) than a conventional 3D CAD However, VE is often seen purely as piece of technology, when the business advantages remain unclear.

Design review meeting is a typical application for utilising VE based virtual prototyping during a new product developent. Product properties are analysed, information is shared between stakeholders (e.g. engineering designers, project managers, product managers, assembly workers, service workers, occupational health care, etc. Virtual prototyping is typically combined with design methods such as participatory design

This research proposes to describe virtual prototyping as a social and managerial framework

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Research motivation Virtual prototyping paradox: Often claimed advantages (literature, software providers) versus relatively slow adoption in industry Practical research problem: loose concept, unclear terminology, lack of knowledge about real benefits and business value Scientific problem: gap in literature, gap between concepts of VP and design theory From technology demonstrations towards real implementation and utilisation in industry

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto


Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji

NYKYHETKI

Virtual Prototyping

VIRTUAALINEN VIRTUAALINEN

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Toimittajat

Suunnittelu

Tuotteistus

Huolto


Vakio tuotanto

Asiakas

konsepti

layout

detalji

NYKYHETKI

Virtual Prototyping

VIRTUAALINEN VIRTUAALINEN

VE based virtual prototyping integrates many stakeholders, processes and perspectives in early NPD phase before building a physical prototype. For instance, in the phase of new product preparation for production, the perspectives of suppliers, sourcing, standard production, service and end customers can be assessed simultaneously with the virtual product model. Engineering designers produce virtual product models, which other stakeholders can analyse. The required engineering changes can be made before building a physical prototype. However, there is a common problem where this research aims to contribute to solve. Today virtual prototyping is not integrated in the NPD process. This research aims to show whether virtual prototyping creates value to NPD and business. On the other hand, this research reveals what kind of changes should be done to processes, oransisation, management, leadership and technology in order to capture the potential value of virtual prototyping – how the VP could be integrated.

©Simo-Pekka Leino

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Reframing the value of virtual prototyping IVP - the evolving approach of virtual environments based virtual prototyping in the context of new product development and low volume production

LUO LISÄARVOA

HAASTAA

ihmiset

tekniikka prosessit

ihmiset

tekniikka prosessit

LIIKETOIMINTA

Expanded theory frame – conceptual innovation IVP

Integrates virtual prototyping within design theory and product development

Knowledge about practical benefits and impacts of virtual prototyping

IVP as a wide concept that integrates the stakeholders of manufacturing companies

New perspective to the societal discussion about digitalisation, Finnish competitivity, and change of work

Initiates a new design research orientation

Laajennettu teoriakehys - käsiteinnovaatio IVP

Kytkee virtuaaliprototypoinnin suunnitteluteoriaan ja käytännön tuotekehityksen prosessiin

Tietoa IVP:n käytännön hyödyistä ja vaikutuksista

IVP teknistä välinettä laajempana metodina ja investointina, joka integroi yrityksen toimintaa

Uutta näkökulmaa yhteiskunnassa käytävään keskusteluun digitalisaatiosta, Suomen kilpailukyvystä ja työn muuttumisesta

Avaa uutta tutkimussuuntaa suunnittelututkimukseen

Teollinen laadullinen tapaustutkimus

Poikkitieteellinen

Abduktiivinen ja konstruktiivinen

Inhimillisen näkökulman korostaminen

Industrial qualitative case study

Multi-disciplinary

Abductive and constructive

Emphasis of social factors

IVP

IVP

©Simo-Pekka Leino

Lectio praecursoria, Leino Simo-Pekka

Technology

Transcript of Lectio praecursoria, Leino Simo-Pekka