Learning Target We will describe the impact of Communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great...
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![Page 1: Learning Target We will describe the impact of Communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110100/56649de95503460f94ae398c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Learning Target
We will describe the impact of Communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.
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Key Terms
• 1. Nationalism
• 2. Republic of China/Nationalist Party
• 3. Mao Zedong and Chinese Communist Party
• 4. Sun Yixian
• 5. Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist Republic of China
• 6. Civil War and the Long March
• 7. People’s Republic of China
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• 8. People’s Republic of China and the Red Army
• 9. Collective Farming
• 10. Great Leap Forward
• 11. Culture Revolution
• 12. Red Guards
• 13. Deng Xiaoping 1980-1997
• 14. Beiging’s Tiananmen Square Demonstrations and Massacre
• 15. Goddess of Democracy/America’s Statue of Liberty
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China’s Nationalism
• Influenced China after WWI.
• Chinese nationalists were able to overthrow the Qing Dynasty in 1912.
• A dynasty that had ruled China since the 1600s.
• New Government: Republic of China
• Goal: End foreign control in China’s affairs.
• Political Party: Nationalist Party
• Leader: Sun Yixian
• New government failed to bring order to China or help the Chinese people.
• Crime was high, famine, poor agriculture
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Mao Zedong • Young Chinese were angry
and wanted an end to the failed government of Sun Yixan and the Nationalist Party.
• Turned to Russia and their Communist Revolution as an alternative .
• 1921: A group of young Chinese men and a young teacher, Mao Zedong, met in Shanghai to form the first Chinese Communist Party.
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China’s Political Parties
• Sun Yixan died and Jiang Jieshi takes his place.
Under new leadership, the two parties worked together.
1. Nationalist Party (Original)
2. Chinese Communist Party (New)
Jiang Jieshi
Sun Yixan
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Violence
• Jieshi and the Nationalist Party turned on Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party.
• Many killed and by 1929, Jieshi formed the new “Nationalist Republic of China”
• Mao Zedong survives the attack on the Communist and turns to the peasants living in the countryside for support.
• A civil war began between Mao and his communist followers and the Nationalist government of Jieshi.
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1933 Civil War in China and the Long March
• Mao lead over 600,000 people into the mountains to escape being defeated by the nationalist government.
• They walked nearly 6,000 miles to avoid capture.
• This journey is known as the Long March.
• Important event for Chinese Communists today. A sign of Mao’s dedication to his cause for the Chinese people.
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World War II
• The Chinese communists and the Nationalist forces call a temporary truce during WWII. Both groups fought to keep the Japanese from taking over China.
• At the end of WWII, the truce ended and civil war between the two groups continued from 1946-1949.
• Mao’s Communist known as the Red Army, swept the Nationalist government from power and in 1949, Mao proclaimed the creation of the People’s Republic of China, a communist government that now led one of the largest countries in the world.
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Mao’s Government
• 1. Private ownership was eliminated and production quotas were set for agriculture and industry.
• 2. 1958 = organize all farms into large collectives, where all ownership and decision making would be in the hands of the government.
• 3. Programs known as the Great Leap Forward because Mao believed great changes would follow.
• 4. Farmers dislike these collective large farms and wanted their smaller farms and their own land again.
• 5. Farmers didn’t work hard on this collective farms and crops failed.
• 6. China had famines as a result of failed crops.
• The Great Leap Forward was abandoned in 1960.
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Cultural Revolution
• 1. Mao urged students to leave school and make war on anything in Chinese society that looked like it was encouraging class differences.
• 2. Mao was for a classless society where everyone was treated exactly the same and no one had more than anyone else.
• 3. Many students were organized into an army known as the Red Guards.
India’s Example
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Red Guards and the Culture Revolution of China
• 1. Single out and remove anyone who was preventing China from becoming a classless society.
• 2. Mao wanted China to become a nation of farmers and workers, all of whom would be equal.
• 3. Leaders in the Chinese community who seemed to be in higher positions were attacked by the Red Guards.
• 4. Business managers, college professors, even government officials who were not in the Culture Revolution were thrown out.
• 5. Some were put in prison and others were actually killed.
• 6. China was in chaos and the Culture Revolution raged on for almost 10 years.
• 7. Mao admitted to this Culture Revolution as a mistake and in 1976 the Red Guard was ended and gradually order returned to China.
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Deng Xiaoping
• Mao dies in 1976
• In 1980, Deng Xiaoping was named the leader of China.
• Xiaoping was more moderate in his ideas about the path China should follow.
• Allows farmers to own some of their own land and make decisions about what they wanted to grow.
• Allows private businesses to organize, and he opened China to foreign investment and technological advances.
• He knew that opening up to the western business meant that the Chinese people were also exposed to western ideas.
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Deng Xiaoping • In 1989, many communist
governments around the world were under siege for their leadership and ideas.
• China’s students began protests again communism.
• Huge demonstrations resulted in Beijing's Tiananmen Square with over 10,000 students protesting.
• Students believed their communist government was corrupt. They wanted a democracy.
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Tiananmen Square Demonstrations
• The Goddess of Democracy statue built and erected by students and modeled after the America’s Statue of Liberty.
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Tiananmen Square Massacre
• 1. June 4, 1989
• 2. Chinese government ordered soldiers in Tiananmen Square to breakup the demonstrations.
• 3. Soldiers fired on students, destroyed the statue, and arrested thousands of demonstrators.
• 4. The pro-democratic movement was eliminated.
• 5. Deng Xiaoping remained in power until his death in 1997.
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Tiananmen Square Massacre At about 1 a.m. Chinese troops reach Tiananmen Square. Throughout the day, Chinese troops fire on civilians and students, ending the demonstrations. An official death toll has never been released.
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• Red Army = Mao’s Communist Army
• Famine = When a country can’t supply enough food for its people.
• Long March = Mao lead 600,000 people into the mountains to avoid capture from the Nationalist. They traveled 6,000 miles.
• Mao Zedong = He established and lead the first Chinese Communist Party.
• Truce= A temporary agreement to stop fighting.
• People’s Republic of China = in 1949, Mao created the Communist People’s Republic of China after taking control of the government from the Nationalists.
• Collective Farms in China= When all farms were organized into large farms and owned and controlled by the government.
• The Great Leap Forward=The Great Leap Forward was a push by Mao Zedong to change China from a largely agricultural (farming) society to a modern, industrial society - in just five years.
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• Classless Society= Part of Mao’s Cultural Revolution to eliminate classes of people. All people would be equal.
• Red Guards= The name of the new army of young people Mao Zedong used to enforce his policies in the 1960s.
• Tiananmen Square Protests= Student protest in Beijing, China during 1989 in support of a democratic government.
• Goddess of Democracy Statue= The statue build by Chinese students during the Tiananmen Square protests to represent the US. Statue of Liberty and promote democracy
• Tiananmen Square Massacre= The Chinese government ordered the military to dissolve the protest by firing on students and arresting students.
•
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Textbook Pages 196-199•Write and answer questions 587-596
•Write the question but use an ABCD answer.
•We will check your answer and then write it.
•Map Test: Tuesday, 1-20-15
•Communist China Test: 1-20-15