Leading MIS Researchers & Watershed Papers Students of MIS 696a December 11, 2002.

Leading MIS Researchers & Watershed Papers Students of MIS 696a December 11, 2002

Table of Contents Introduction Section I:Database Section II:Systems Analysis Section III:Collaboration & Communication Section IV:Economics of Informatics Section V:HCI & Psychology Section VI:KM, AI, & IR Section VII:Operations Research Section VIII:Policy, Ethics, & Social Issues Section IX:Workflow Conclusion

Introduction What is our objective? What do we hope to accomplish?

Section I: Database

Database Overview Databases permeate almost every aspect of information systems Fueled an industry estimated at over $10 billion in the U.S. alone Database research underlies fundamental advancements in a host of civilian and defense applications, as well as progress in fields ranging from computer science to biology

Database Seminal Researchers E.F. Codd A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. Communications of the ACM, 13(6):377-387, 1970. Peter Pin-Shan Chen The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a unified view of data. TODS, 1(1):9--36, 1976.

Database Other Important Work Michael Stonebraker The design and implementation of INGRES. ACM, 1(3):189-122, 1976 Operating System Support for Database Management. Commun. ACM 24, (July 1981), pp. 412-418. Won Kim Integrating an object-oriented programming system with a database system, ACM Conference Proceedings, 142-152, 1988 Querying object-oriented databases. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD, 1992.

Database Other Important Work (contd) Salvatore T. March Allocating Data and Operations to Nodes in Distributed Database Design. IEEE Transactions in Knowledge and Data Engineering, 72, 305-317. Sudha Ram Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems. IEEE Computer, 24(12), 7-11

Database Future Outlook Databases, though mature and commercialized still have much to offer Some Future Research Directions: Tools do perform rule validation and debugging Extensions of Spatio-Temporal Data Storage Research Storage and Retrieval of large, complex data types Parallel Query Processing Optimization Integration and Security of Heterogeneous, Distributed Databases

Section II: Systems Analysis

Systems Analysis Motivation The whole is more than the sum of its parts - Arsitotle, Metaphysica

Systems Analysis First Formal Notion Systems Analysis and Design first proposed as a formal discipline in 1930s: There exists models, principles, and laws that apply to general systems irrespective of the relations or forces between them. - Ludwig von Bertalanffy General Systems Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications.

Systems Analysis Key Components Mathematic Systems Theory: rigorous deductions and confirmation (or refusal) of theory. Systems Technology: vast realm of techniques, models, and so forth Systems Philosophy: an organismic outlook of the world as a great organization

Systems Analysis Structured Analysis Logical representation of the System Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD) Data Flow Diagram (DFD) used to represent the key processes of the system Control Flow Diagram (CFD) State Activity Diagram

Systems Analysis Object Oriented Analysis Models the computer to reality instead of reality to the computer Combines data and processes into objects, which are then turned into software. Even more easily understood that structured analysis by non- technical stakeholders O-O invented by Ole Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard (University of Oslo, Norway) Simula first O-O programming language

Systems Analysis O-O Benefits Can model more complex applications Software has less bugs O-O based software can be reused so easier to modify Unified Modeling Language (UML) facilitates use of O-O analysis and design UML developed by Booch Jacobsen and Rumbaugh

Systems Analysis Future Trends Need to develop more formal (mathematical) methods to ensure consistency between software objects Especially important for the development and maintenance of complex distributed systems

Section III: Collaboration Technology

Collaboration Technology Overview What is a Collaborative Tool or GDSS? An interactive computer-based system which facilitates solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group - DeSanctis and Gallupe (1971)

Collaboration Technology Key Researchers Michael S. Scott Morton Jay Nunamaker Judith Olson Murray Turoff Gerardine DeSanctis R. Brent Gallupe Douglas Vogel Sirkka Jarvenpaa Wanda Orlikowski Sara Kiesler

Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Michael S. Scott Morton Morton, M.S.S.; and Keen, P.G.W. Decision support systems: an organizational perspective. Addison-Wesley, Boston, (1978). Morton, M.S.S.; editor, The corporation of the 1990s: Information technology and organizational transformation. Oxford University Press, (1991). Jay Nunamaker Nunamaker, J.F., Jr.; Dennis, A.R.; Valacich, J.S.; Vogel, D.R.; and George, J.F. Electronic meeting systems to support group work. Communications of the ACM, 34, 7 (July 1991), 40-61. Nunamaker, J.F., Jr; Chen, M.; and Purdin, T.D.M. Systems development in information systems research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 7, 3 (Winter 1990-91), 89-106. Nunamaker, J.F., Jr.; Briggs, R.O.; Mittleman, D.D.; Vogel, D.R.; and Balthazard, P.A. Lessons from a dozen years of group support systems research: a discussion of lab and field findings. Journal of Management Information Systems, 13, 3 (Winter 1996-97), 163-207.

Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Murray Turoff Turoff, M. Delphi and it potential impact on information systems. AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference, 39, (1971), 317-326. Turoff, M. Computer mediated communication requirements for group support. Journal of Organizational Computing, 1, (1991), 85-113. Gerardine DeSanctis DeSanctis, G.; and Gallupe, R.B. A foundation for the study of group decision support systems. Management Science, 33, 5 (1987), 589-609. DeSanctis, G.; and Gallupe, R.B. Group decision support systems: a new frontier. Data Base, 16, 2 (1985), 2-10. R. Brent Gallupe Gallupe, R.B.; Dennis, A.R.; Cooper, W.H.; Valacich, J.S.; Bastinutti, L.M.; and Nunamaker, J.F., Jr. Electronic brainstorming and group size. Academy of Management Journal, 35, (1992), 350-369. Gallupe, R.B. Images of information systems in the early 21st century. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 3, 3 (2000), 2-16.

Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Sirkka Jarvenpaa Jarvenpaa, S.L.; Knoll, K.; and Leidner, D.E. Is anybody out there? Antecedents of trust in global virtual teams. Journal of Management Information Systems, 14, 4 (Spring 1998), 29-64. Wanda Orlikowski Yates, J.; and Orlikowski, W.J. Genres of organizational communication: A structural approach to studying communication and media. Academy of Management Review, 17, 2 (1992), 299-326. Orlikowski, W.J. Improvising organizational transformation over time: a situated change perspective. Information Systems Research, 7, 1 (1996), 63-67. Orlikowski, W.J. Using technology and constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science, 11, 4 (2000), 404-428.

Collaboration Technology Future of Collaboration GSS without language barriers Need for bridging the semantic gap Distributed Collaboration Facilitation problems Trust, awareness for effective collaboration Virtual Organizations

Section IV: Economics of Informatics and IT

Economics of Informatics & IT Present Situation There is a broad spectrum of work going on involving the Economics of Informatics. For simplicities sake, weve broken it out into three broad categories: The Economics of Informatics The Business Perspective, The Economics of Informatics The Market Perspective, and The Economics of Informatics The Developers Perspective. These categories effectively cover the breadth of research. We did not use the term e-Commerce as it both includes other aspects of MIS and is poorly defined at best.

Economics of Informatics The Business Perspective The 80s The exploration of the Economics if Informatics in business was truly launched in 1985 by Haim Mendelson and his seminal paper on Pricing Computer Services. Pricing Computer Services Queuing Effects. Haim analyzed the economic costs of delays in data processing, and queuing, in a business context to evaluate the tradeoffs being made between information technology investments and internal business service levels. This was rapidly followed by a 1986 paper from Timothy Bresnahan Measuring The Spillovers From Technical Advance - Mainframe Computers In Financial Services Bresnahan sought to measure the social gains of Information Technology. By analyzing the demand curve and the willingness to pay for the high- speed computers used in financial services, he inferred the social gains computers and information technology could generate.

Leading MIS Researchers & Watershed Papers Students of MIS 696a December 11, 2002.

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