Lead Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore1. 2 Chapter 14 Managing Information Systems and Technology.
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Lead Black Slide
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Chapter 3
Information System Fundamentals
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Our Agenda Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information
Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information
Systems Ethical Issues for Information
Systems
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Learning Objectives Explain why businesses need
computer and communications hardware in information systems.
Distinguish between the three main types of computer systems.
Explain the difference between application software and system software, and give an example of each.
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Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Explain why businesses need
software in information systems. Describe the way stored business
data is commonly organized in information systems.
Explain why businesses need stored data in information systems.
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Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify the types of personnel in
information systems and explain why businesses need personnel in information systems.
Identify the types of procedures used in information systems and explain why businesses need procedures in information systems.
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Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different approaches to
ethical decision making. Explain several ethical issues for
information systems.
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Hardware for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Computer and Communications Hardware Computer hardware
Input devices Output devices Primary storage Secondary storage Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Communications hardware Network devices
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The Need for Computer Hardware Important elements of computer
hardware Speed Accuracy Capacity
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The Need for Communications Hardware Important elements of
communications hardware Remote access Information sharing Resource sharing (printers, file
servers) Interorganizational communication
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Types of Computer Systems Personal Computers
Desktop Laptop Handheld Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Workstations
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Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Multiple-user computer systems
Minicomputer Typically between $5,000 and $200,000
Mainframe computer Typically between $100,000 and
$10,000,000 Both are multi-user environments
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Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Networked computer systems
Many computers connected to a network which is used by many people at one time.
Servers – provide services to other computers on the network.
Clients – a user’s workstation connected to the network.
Client-server computing – servers and clients used cooperatively.
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Software for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Types of Software Application software – designed for
specific computer applications for a business or organization.
System software – designed to make computers usable. Also known as an operating system.
Communications software – designed to permit computers to “talk” to each other.
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Sources of Software Two main sources of software
Packaged software – available commercially for personal, multiple-user and networked systems.
Custom software – created to address very specific requirements of the users.
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Stored Data for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Data Organization Elements of data storage
Characters – letters, numerals, special symbols, a blank space.
Fields – a group of related characters. Records – a group of fields about a
single entity. Data file, or file – a group of records
about a single purpose. Database – a group of related files.
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Data Organization (cont’d.) While data can be organized in a
database, there are other types of data. Multimedia
Audio Video Images
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Need for Stored Data Three main reasons businesses
need stored data Data is available Data is modifiable Data is controllable
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Personnel for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Users and Operating Personnel Users
Supply data input Receive output
Operating personnel Perform technical functions such as
Manage networks Run software Pass output to users
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Procedures for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Types of Procedures Two main types
First tells people how to use and operate the system under normal circumstances.
Second tells people what to do if the system does not function normally.
Documentation is written instructions on the use and operation of the system.
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Ethical Issues for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
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Ethical Decision Making The Golden Rule Utilitarianism Categorical Imperative Ethical Egoism Code of Ethics
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Ethical Issues Privacy Accuracy Property Access
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Ten Commandments1. Do not use a computer to harm other
people.2. Do not interfere with other people’s
computer work.3. Do not look in other people’s computer
files.4. Do not use a computer to steal.5. Do not use a computer to bear false
witness.6. Do not copy or use proprietary software
for which you have not paid.
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Ten Commandments (cont’d.)
7. Do not use other people’s computer resources.without authorization or proper compensation.
8. Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual property.
9. Think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
10.Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow man.
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Information Systems Fundamentals
Key Terms
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Key Terms Application Software Bug Character Client Client-Server Computing Code of Ethics Communication Hardware
Communication Software Custom Software Database Data File Desktop Computer Documentation Field File
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Key Terms (cont’d.) Handheld (Palmtop) Computer Mainframe Computer Matching Microcomputer Minicomputer Multimedia Notebook (Laptop) Computer
Operating System Packaged Software Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Platform Record Server Supercomputer
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Key Terms (cont’d.) System Software Workstation
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Summary Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information
Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information
Systems Ethical Issues for Information
Systems
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