LCA ADEME database – Technical Committee Electric and Electronic Equipment April 19th 2012
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Transcript of LCA ADEME database – Technical Committee Electric and Electronic Equipment April 19th 2012
LCA ADEME database – Technical Committee
Electric and Electronic Equipment
April 19th 2012
Olivier RéthoréADEME - Service Eco-Conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD)
With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)
Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
Goal and scope
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Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB
Scope:– TVs– + other “grey” and “black” EEEs: computers, phones, printers,
hi-fi, set-top boxes... questions:
Relevancy to use of the same data as for TV Missing inventories
ApproachFor each module:Analyze the needs in terms of inventory data:– Based on the PCR for TV – Using the preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de
développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage » (ADEME, 2009-10)
Determine the appropriate granulometry– Regarding
Technological representativeness Geographical representativeness Temporal representativeness
– Considering for each differentiation The relative environmental impact The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) The short term data availability in existing databases (generic
data)
Propose a list of inventories to be integrated in ADEME database, at least for short term 4
ADEME database content
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Processes
MetadataSources, contacts, external documents
Unit Reference flow, Unitgrou
psCharacterizatio
n factors*LCIA Method
Result for each impact category
X
*Common data for all suppliers (to be given
by the JRC)
LCI Flows*, flow
property*,Unitgroups
3 modes to feed ADEME DB
1. Purchasing & adapting existing data – From databases suppliers: PE, ecoinvent, PWC, BV,
federations (e.g. worldsteel, PlasticsEurope)– For this lot (n°10) : PE, ecoinvent
2. Data co-production– In order to fill missing data in some sectors– Projects generally launched by ADEME (e.g.
AgriBalyse for agriculture products)
3. Third party proposal– In order to allow the integration of data not yet
available in ADEME DB– In order to promote assessment by industry
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PCR for TV
Functional unit"To use a television in France during 8 years, switched on 4 hours a day, and switched off 20 hours a day.”
Impact categories–Climate change - IPCC 2007–Resource depletion - EDIP 97 (2004) (may change)–Ecotoxicity (not validated)
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Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
Speakers and housing – Data need
Plastic parts– Raw materials
« transversal » plastic needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:
– Thermoplastics: HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, amorphous PET, PET bottle grade, PA 6, PA 6-6, PVC (emulsion), PVC (suspension), PVC (bulk), PMMA, ABS, PC, SAN, POM, GPPS, HIPS, PSE / PA11, PA12, Surlyn, PLA (polylactic acid), biosourced PE, biosourced PET, Plastic from startch
– Thermosets: polyurethane (flexible and rigid foam), Epoxy, PTFE, Unsaturated polyester resin, EVA / Elasthane, Elastodiene
– Elastomers: Butadiene, Polybutadiene, Latex (SBR), Silicone, EPDM / Butyl rubber, Natural rubber, Isobutylene isoprene, Isoprene rubber, NBR, Neoprene, Nitrile rubber, SBS, SEBS
What pastics for Speakers and housing? Other specific materials?
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Speakers and housing – Data needPlastic parts– Forming and shaping
« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Thermoplastics: Injection, Extrusion, Expansion for EPS, Thermoforming / Foaming, Forming for GPPS and HIPS, Blow extrusion, Blow injection, Calendering, rotomolding
– Thermosets: Foaming (flexible and rigid), Injection, Pressure molding, Thermoforming
What forming processes for Speakers and housing?
Other specific processes?
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Speakers and housing – Data needPlastic parts– Additives
« transversal » additives needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee but NOT integrated in consultation letters: – Phtalates: DEHP– Mineral charges: Sulfur (poudre), Carbon black, TiO2 alpha, TiO2 beta, Silicium, Calcium carbonate, Magnésium carbonate, Baryum sulfate, Zinc oxyde, Lithopone, Fatty acids
– Flame retardants: halogenous, non-halogenous– Dye agent
What additives for Speakers and housing? Other specific additives?
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Speakers and housing – Data need
Steel– Raw materials
« transversal » steel needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:
– Primary, secondary and average steel– Stainless steel (the most representative)– Tin steel
What steel for speakers? / Other specific steels?
– Forming into semi-finished products « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:
– Wire– Extrusion– Sheet– Galvanization
What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 12
Speakers and housing – Data needSteel– Forming into finished products
« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input
What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?
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Speakers and housing – Data needAluminium– Raw materials
« transversal » aluminium needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Primary, secondary and average aluminium
Other specific aluminium?
– Forming into semi-finished products « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Extrusion– Sheet– Foil
What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?
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Speakers and housing – Data needAluminium– Forming into finished products
« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input
What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?
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Speakers and housing – Data needOther metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee– Raw materials
Single metals: copper, zinc, tungsten, titanium, tin Alloys: brass, bronze, zamak What metals for Speakers and housing? / Other
specific metals?
– Forming into semi-finished products Similar to steel and aluminium?
– Wire– Extrusion– Sheet– Foil
Other specific processes?16
Speakers and housing – Data needOther metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee– Forming into finished products
Similar to steel and aluminium? – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input
Other specific processes?
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Speakers and housing – Other EEEAre there specific needs for other EEE, in particular high fidelity equipments?– Wood and its processes
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Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
Screens – Data need
Technological representativity Specific data mentioned in the PCR:– Technology– Diagonal– Surface
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Screens – Data need
Technological representativity Technology
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Technology
GfK report in 2011,
prevision for 2012 in France
Questions
CRT 0%No need for data for TV. What about other equipments?
LCD 27%
PDP (plasma) 5%
LED 68%
o-LED 0%When would this technology represent 2-5% of the market?(not mentioned in the PCR)
Screens – Data need
Technological representativity Diagonal of visible screen (inches) Total surface of the screen (cm²)– Is there a correlation between the diagonal and surface, i.e. is only one parameter enough to characterize a screen?
– Is there a linear correlation between the surface/diagonal and the impact? And the mass?
If not, for which surfaces/diagonals should one give LCIAs in the DB?
Do unusual diagonals imply higher environmental impacts? i.e. Are specific inventories required?
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Screens – Data need
Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the
PCR:– Production country of the screen module
Remaining questions:– For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable?
– For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation?
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Screens – Existing data
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Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent
Data available in one database
Unavailable data
Modules Characteristics ecoinvent GaBi(EIME, for information)
LCD
Amount of data 1 2Technologies a-Si TFT LCD module TFT, MonochromeDiagonal 15 inches -Geographical representativity
Global -
Temporal representativity
2001 2003
CRT
Amount of data 1
TechnologiesAverage (for computer): can it be used for TV?
Diagonal 17 inches Geographical representativity
Global
Temporal representativity
1998
LED
Amount of data 12
Technologies
1 diode (not a screen): is it adapted for screens?Mounting technique: THT or SMDEfficiency: high or lowMaximum current: 0.5, 1 or 1.5 AOther: with lens, flip chip…
Diagonal - Geographical representativity
Global
Temporal representativity
2007
o-LED PDP
Screens – Other EEE
Can the same inventories be used for small screens in telecommunications (phones)? Or must they be specific?What about computer screens?What about touch screen?
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Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
PCB – Data need
Technological representativity
Data mentioned in the PCR for the mainboard:– Specific data
Number of faces (1 or 2) Number of layers (no amount is given) External surface of the board (cm²)
– Semi-specific data Country of production
– NB: the mass is not mentioned! An adaptation of the mass of the LCI process appears however necessary if one wants the mass of the model to fit with the real product. But it would require a modification of the PCR.
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PCB – Data need
Technological representativity
Specific data mentioned in the PCR for the PS board:
– Specific data None
– Semi-specific data Number of faces (1 or 2) Number of layers (no amount is given) External surface of the board (cm²) Country of production
– NB: the weight is not mentioned
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PCB – Data needTechnological representativity
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TechnologyWhat type?
Possible differentiations, to be discussed
Amount of faces (single-sided or double-sided)
1, 2
Amount of layers 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16Substrat/insulating material
FR4, FR2, FR1, Teflon, CEM1, CEM3
Soldering SnAgCu...
FinishingAuNi, HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)...
Population & mountingWhat mix of SMD/THT components?(IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…)
PCB – Data need
Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the
PCR:– Production country of the mainboard– Production country of the Power Supply board
Remaining questions:– For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable?
– For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation?
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PCB – Existing dataCharacteristics ecoinvent GaBi
EIME (for information)
Amount of data 22 12 26
Type of product For computers Generic? Generic?
Mounting technology
SMD, THT SMD, THT Not mentionned
Amount of faces (single-sided or double-sided)
2 1, 2 Not mentionned
Amount of layers 2, 6 1 to 16 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
Substrate FR4 FR4 CEM1, FR2
SolderingWith or without leadSn-Cu-Ag
11 compositions ofSn-Ag-Cu-Ni-Pb-Zn
Not mentionned
Finishing HASL AuNi, HASL Not mentionned
Surface Functional unit: m² Functional unit: m² Not mentioned
Main board or power board
Main and power Not mentionned Not mentioned
Population Included Included Included
Geographical representativity
Global Global Not mentioned
Time-related representativity
2005 2010 2006
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PCB – Need vs existing data
Data available in GaBi and ecoinventData available in one database (or unknown information)Unavailable data
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Technology Differentiations
General useMain boardPower board
MountingSMT (Surface Mounted Technology)THT (Through-Hole Technology)
Amount of faces 1, 2Amount of layers 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16
Substrat
FR4FR2FR1TeflonCEM1CEM3
Soldering Tin-Silver-Copper
FinishingAuNiHASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)
Population (is included in the global module LCI but information is not always provided)
IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…
PCB – What and how many inventories?
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PCB – Other EEE
Can the same inventories be used for any EEE?
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Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
Power cables – Data needsPCR for TV does not require to include cablesIs it acceptable, environmentally speaking (especially for resources depletion)?
If not, shall we consider–Different modules? (based on material composition)–One average secondary data? (in this case: what most common conductor (copper?) and what most common insulator?)–One average data, but based on cable length as primary/semi-specific data?
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Power cables – Existing dataecoinvent has – Data for connector cables for computer (made of copper, TPE and PVC) and printer (made of copper, aluminium and PVC)– Other types of cables (network cable, ribbon cable…)
GaBi does not have data for connector cables but for other types of cables (high voltage, optical fiber, phone…)
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Agenda
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Goal and scopeSpeakers and housingScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)
End of life – Data needDismantling neglected by the PCR, because supposed manualMaterials recovery from screen and PCB: should it include only energy consumption and infrastructures?Disposal (incineration and landfill) of screen and PCB: how many inventories are needed and what parameters should be differentiated? (solder paste type, after or before RoHS…) i.e. is only one inventory for PWB incineration enough, or must there be as much inventories as for production processes?What about the estimated impact of the RoHS for EoL? Recycling and disposal of plastics and metals (see ad hoc Technical Committee)
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End of life – Existing dataecoinvent has data for the end of life of computer products (computer, mouse, printer…) including– Materials recovery from modules (screen, PWB…) including electricity, infrastructures and transport– Recycling of metals, from electronic scrap– Incineration of residues and unrecycled parts based on elementary composition (end-of-life model)– No recycling credits
PE has data for PCB incineration after and before RoHS
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End of life – Data need vs. Existing dataIncineration, Landfill: based on compositionRecycling
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Data available in at least two databases
Data available in one database
End of life – Other than LCA data needFor each material within each module, we need statistics data for France, for each type of end of life (e.g. X % of copper incorporated in TV’s PCB is recycled, and Y % is incinerated…)PCR for TV propose a table from an Eco-systèmes pilot study (see next slide): can it be used?Are there official and validated data?
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End of life – Non LCA data needFractions issues du traitement
d'un téléviseur écran platEstimation des taux de valorisation et de recyclage obtenus d'après étude pilote
% recyclage matière
% valorisation
énergie
% élimination
Métaux ferreux 99 % 1 %
Métaux non ferreux 100 %
Coques plastiques 90 % 3 % 6 %
Feuilles plastiques 99 % 1 %
Cartes électroniques a) 34 % 25 % 41 %
Câbles 88 % 12 %
Dalles
LCD: verre et cristaux liquides
Plasma: verre et poudres
100 %
Polluants : condensateurs, lampes mercure,
composants électroniques
100 %
Stériles 100 %
a) Pour les cartes électroniques, le rendement de recyclage dépend des matériaux : 100 % des métaux (ferreux, non ferreux et précieux) des cartes électroniques sont recyclés, ce qui représente 34 % de la masse des cartes électroniques. 43
Other EEE
Are there needs missing for other EEE?
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