ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING

LCA ADEME databaseTechnical Committee: « Wood and Glass »

April 24th 2012

Olivier RéthoréADEME

Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD)

With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)

Agenda

Goal and scopeFor wood and glass– Particular methodological choices– Data need– Existing data

Goal and scope

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Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB

Scope:for furniture and beds because the PCR have been validated

for packaging because transverse issue

Meeting approach

For each type of wood or glass:Analyze the inventory data need from:– The preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de

développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage »

– PCR for furniture and bed– Knowledge about packaging

Determine the appropriate granulometry– Regarding

Technological representativeness Geographical representativeness Temporal representativeness

– Considering for each differentiation The relative environmental impact The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) The short term data availability in existing databases (generic

data)

Propose a list of inventories to be integrated into ADEME database

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ADEME database content

Processes

MetadataSources, contacts, external documents

Unit Reference

flow, Unitgroups

Characterization factors*

LCIA Method

Result for each impact category

X

*Common data for all suppliers (to be given by the JRC)

LCI Flows*, flow

property*,Unitgroups

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Data sources: 3 feeding modes

Purchasing existing or adapted data – From databases suppliers with which the ADEME has a framework contract

– For both lots (7/wood and 8/glass): PE, ecoinvent

Data co-production– In order to fill missing data in specific sectors– Projects co-funded by ADEME with research and technical partners

– Ex.: AgriBalyse for agriculture products, ACYVIA for food industry, etc.

Third party– In order to allow integrating data not yet available in existing databases

– In order to promote assessment by the industry

PCR for furniture and bed

Impact categories– Climate change – IPCC 2007– Resource depletion – EDIP 97 (2004) (may change)

– Air acidification – Recipe 2008– Photochemical oxidant formation – Recipe 2008

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Glass and wood packaging in GT

Wood may be needed in all GT as tertiary packaging (pallets) Glass is needed in the following GT as primary packaging– GT1: Food– GT4: Beauty, hygiene and health products

Wood

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Data need – technological representativeness

PCR– Specific data

Quantity of each wood type (in mass or volume): see the list in next slide

Sustainable management of forests (to be defined by the methodological platform)

Wood machining (usinage): this data is not clear.

What must the industrial indicate? (e.g. on what form he buys it: debarked, sawn, planned…)

Data need – technological representativeness

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Solid wood– What are the differences between wood species from a LCA point of view? (e.g. more energy consumption, time for growing, soil nutrient…)– Is the approach hardwood/softwood enough for short term?– Are there types of wood missing?

Derived wood– Are the suggested categories differentiated enough? (e.g. different densities for fibreboard)– Are there types of wood missing?– Do a furniture manufacturer always know the wood species used in derived wood?

NB: list established from preliminary study and PCR

Type DifferentiationSolid wood

SoftwoodPine (sapin)

NorthCoastalSpruce (epicea)ParanaUnspecified

Douglas fir (sciage Douglas) Larch (Mélèze)

Hardwood

Beech (hêtre) Poplar (peuplier) Oak (chêne) Mahogany (Acajou) Alder (Aulne) Ash (Frêne)Birch (Bouleau) Chestnut (Châtaigner) Walnut (Noyer) Elm (Orme) Palissander (Palissandre) Teak (Teck) Linden (Tilleul) Wenge (Wengué) Maple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège)

Derived wood

Particle woodFor humid environmentFor dry environment

Plywood (contreplaqué) Pine, beech, poplar, birch

MDF (Medium-density fibreboard)For humid environmentFor dry environment

Data need – technological representativeness

Forming processes– Debarking– Drying– Sawing– Planning– Preservative treatments

Can those processes take place within the furniture manufacturing site?

Do we need inventories, or is it always specific data?– Except for preservative treatments, do forming processes only include energy consumption?– For preservative treatments, are specific inventories needed?

Data need – technological representativeness

Packaging– Pallets– Wood boxes

Do we need more than two average inventories?Are there other needs?

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Data need – Geographical representativity

PCR does not require any geographical differenciation–What geographical level shall one consider: global ? Regional? National?–What are relevant parameters to differentiate a region from another?–What are available statistical data regarding the origin of wood in products bought in France?

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Existing data – overview

April 21, 2023

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Type Differentiation ecoinvent GaBi FCBA INIES Idemat (1998)Solid wood

SoftwoodPine (sapin)

North Coastal France

Spruce (epicea) CH, RER, NORDEL (softwood) DE France

Parana

Unspecified DE Douglas fir (sciage Douglas) DE France

Hardwood

Beech (hêtre) CH, RER, NORDEL (hardwood) DE

Poplar (peuplier) France Oak (chêne) DE France Mahogany (Acajou) Congo/Ghana/GabonAlder (Aulne) Europe/Afrique du NordBirch (Bouleau) Pays nordiquesChestnut (Châtaigner) France/ItalieWalnut (Noyer) France/ItalieElm (Orme) Pays BasPalissander (Palissandre) Brésil

Teak (Teck) DE Brésil/Thailande/Cambodje/Togo/Nigeria/Tanzanie

Linden (Tilleul) Belgique/Luxembourg/Allemagne

Wenge (Wengué) Congo/ Ghana/ GabonMaple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège) RER

Derived wood

Particle woodFor humid environment RER DE France, 2009

For dry environment RER DE France, 2009 Plywood (contreplaqué) RER DE France, 2004

MDF (Medium-density fibreboard)For humid environment RER DE France, 2009

For dry environment RER DE France, 2009

Existing data – detail for ecoinvent and GaBi (solid wood)

April 21, 2023

Nom du service19

Type Species Representativity ecoinvent GaBi

Softwood

Spurce, or unspecified

ecoinvent: is spruce used as most representative softwood?

Form

Bark chips, Chips, logs (for heating systems)Residue wood (from insutrial processes)Industrial wood (at forest road)Round wood (at forest road)Sawn timber (at plant)

Sawn timber

Drying technology Air driedKiln dried -

Humidity 20%, 40 %, 140% -Geography CH, RER, NORDEL DE

Pine Form, geography Sawn timber, DEDouglas fir Form, geography Sawn timber, DECedar Form, geography Sawn timber, DELarch (mélèze) Form, geography Sawn timber, DEParana pine Form, geography Sawn timber, GLO

Hardwood

Beech, or unspecified

ecoinvent: is beech used as most representative hardwood?

Form

Bark chips, Chips, logs (for heating systems)Residue wood (from insutrial processes)Industrial wood (at forest road)Round wood (at forest road)Sawn timber (at plant)

Sawn timber

Drying technology Air driedKiln dried -

Humidity 10%, 20%, 40 %, 70%, 140% -Geography CH, RER, NORDEL DE

Azobe Form, geography Under bark, CM Eucalyptus Form, geography Under bark, TH Meranti Form, geography Under bark, MY Cork Form, geography At forest road, RER Cork oak Form, geography At forest road, RER Teak Form, geography Sawn timber, DEOak Form, geography Sawn timber, DE

Existing data – detail for ecoinvent and GaBi (derived wood)

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Type Representativity ecoinvent GaBi

Fibreboard

Origin Softwood, orHardwood

Production mixCelluloseDHF, DFF

Adhesive LatexWithout adhesive ?

Geography CH, RER DEMDF (Medium-density fibreboard) Geography RER DE

HDF (High-density fibreboard) Geography DE

Particle board

Techno Cement bounded Pgleiderer, egger, average, P2, P4, P5, P6P7

Use IndoorOutdoor -

Geography RER DE

Laminated timber

Origin ? Pine, softwood

Form Glued, or not Three, Five layersGlued, or not

Use IndoorOutdoor -

Geography RER DE

PlywoodUse Indoor

Outdoor Production mix

Geography RER DE

Existing data

Can data from GaBi and ecoinvent be used for furniture? As they where originally produced for construction

Data need vs. existing data

Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent

Data available in one database or unknown information

Unavailable data

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Type DifferentiationSolid wood

SoftwoodPine (sapin)

NorthCoastalSpruce (epicea)ParanaUnspecified

Douglas fir (sciage Douglas) Larch (mélèze)

Hardwood

Beech (hêtre) Poplar (peuplier) Oak (chêne) Mahogany (Acajou) Alder (Aulne) Ash (Frêne)Birch (Bouleau) Chestnut (Châtaigner) Walnut (Noyer) Elm (Orme) Palissander (Palissandre) Teak (Teck) Linden (Tilleul) Wenge (Wengué) Maple (érable) Cherry wood (Merisier) Cork (Liège)

Derived wood

Particle woodFor humid environmentFor dry environment

Plywood (contreplaqué) Pine, beech, poplar, birch

MDF (Medium-density fibreboard)For humid environmentFor dry environment

Recycling allocation

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FurniturePCR

– requires 50/50 allocation for production losses Shall the database have inventories, from recycled losses to

be chosen as raw material?Are production losses always considered recycled?– recycling is not considered for furniture end-of-life in

short term

Credits– What is (are) the recycling outlet(s)? (energy from wood,

process panel…)– Must one inventory be used or an average?

Recycling process– Must the recycling process be differentiated by type of

wood, type of outlet?

Pallets: energy valorization

Glass

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Recycling allocation

BPX requires allocation based on collection rateTwo solutions to model recycling credit– Inventories 100 % primary or 100 % secondary allow choosing recycling content and end of life recycling rate but are not representative of any realityIs it possible/acceptable to have such inventories?Do they represent the reality when combined?– Average inventories represent closed loop systems, and are suitable for collection rate based allocationTo databases suppliers: would it be possible to adapt the collection rate to France situation?

Should flat glass, packaging glass and other glasses collection rates be differentiated?

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Container glass – Refillable glass

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Should inventories be distinct between refillable bottles and one-way bottles? Or should it be an average?

Existing data– Ecoinvent and GaBi (?) only has data for one-way glass– FEVE has data for average and for one-way

If refillable glass is distinct, should/may the amount of rotations be a specific parameter in PCR for beverages? (i.e. is it significant on environmental impacts and can it vary from an industrial to another?)

Olivier, cette question va peut-être-t-il un peu trop loin?

Soda allocation

Solvay process (or ammonia process) produces soda and calcium chlorideSoda allocation factor– ecoinvent: 33% based on economic allocation, world market– FEVE: 100%, because calcium chloride is a by-product not valued– What about GaBi?

Proposition: 100 % allocation to soda

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Data need – Technological representativenessType Process Differentiation Application Questions

Flat glass

Float flat glass"Classic" Tables, cupboard Coated Tables, cupboard

Rolled glassWired glass Safety window Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Patterned glass Tables, cupboard

Other processes

Toughened

More resistant glass Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Hardened (or semi-toughened)LaminatedDecorated Tables, cupboard

Container glassWhite

Beverage, food…

Green Brown

Other glass

Based on composition

Silicate glass TV screens, ovenwareMust we need specific inventories or is it in the materials flow of the application manufacturer?

Lithium aluminosilicate glass Ceramics for cooking wareLead glass CrystalSealing glass Electronic components

Based on forming process

Glass fiber Textiles, and reinforcement of plastics)

Glass optical fiber Data transmission (TV, IT…) Glass tubing Fluorescent lights Casted glass Domestic glassware Is the process for container glass the same

as for glassware? Or is it a good approximation?Electric light bulb Domestic lamps

Glass pieces with assembling structure

Stained glass (with lead) Can it be used in furniture or other goods?Is it bought or manufactured by the furniture manufacturer?

Copper glass Ancklebone (Astragale) (with wood)

List established from Preliminary study and complementary research

Data need – Technological representativeness

Must all those categories have an inventory? (e.g. sealing glass is included in electronic processes)Must those categories be more differentiated?Are there types of glass missing?

For product directly coming from glass production site (e.g. glassware), do we need inventories for glass raw materials (soda, sand…)? Since quantities and other parameters may be specific.

What is the ideal list of inventories to be integrated into the database?30

Data need – Geographical representativeness

What parameters differentiate a region from another?What geography level shall we consider (country, continental, world)Is it possible to estimate glass production in other continent from European data?

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Existing data

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Type Representativity ecoinvent GaBi FEVE

Flat glassTechnology

CoatedUncoatedToughened

Float -

Geography RER EU-27 -

Packaging glassTechnology Brown, green, white Techno mix

Techno mix / without refillableGate-to-gate, cradle to gate and cradle to cradle

Geography CH, DE, RER EU-27 RER

Screen glassTechnology LCD, CRT

Funnel for CRT - -

Geography RER - -

Coated glassTechnology Anti-reflex coating (solar) - -

Geography DK - -

Glass tube Geography DE - -

Glass fibre Geography RER DE -

Glass wool Geography - DE Included in packaging inventory as recycling

Glass bricks Geography - DE -

Existing data

Can data from GaBi and ecoinvent be used for furniture? As they where originally produced for constructionFEVE– How deep can FEVE inventory be disaggregated?In particular:

is it possible to have an inventory « glass, wool »,

Is it possible to have an inventory « glass, refillable »,

is it possible to have only the impacts of electricity consumption?

Data need vs. existing data

Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent

Data available in one database

Unavailable data34

Type Process Differentiation

Flat glass

Float flat glass"Classic"Coated

Rolled glassWired glassPatterned glass

Other processes

ToughenedHardened (or semi-toughened)LaminatedDecorated

Container glassWhiteGreenBrown

Other glass

Based on composition

Silicate glassLithium aluminosilicate glassLead glassSealing glassCopper glassStained glass

Based on forming process

Glass fiberGlass optical fiberGlass tubingCasted glassElectric light bulb

Glass pieces with assembling structure

Stained glass (with lead)Copper glassAncklebone (Astragale) (with wood)