Law of Multiple Proportions Lavoisier’s Experiment Cha rcoal.
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Transcript of Law of Multiple Proportions Lavoisier’s Experiment Cha rcoal.
Law of Multiple ProportionsLavoisier’s Experiment
Charcoal
Oxides of Carbon
Carbonic Acid Carbonic Oxide
John Dalton•Elements Composed of indivisible atoms.•Atoms are alike for a given element.•Atoms for different elements differ in size, mass, etc.•Compounds are formed from two or more atoms of different elements.•Atoms combine is simple numerical ratios to form compounds.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Rule of Greatest SimplicityWhen atoms combine in only one ratio, "..it must be presumed to be a binary one,unless some cause appear to the contrary"
Dalton’s Atoms
Dalton’s Chemical Formulations
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Nearly all the symbols suggested by Berzelius are in use today.
At first symbols were not very popular among chemists. As late as 1837, Daltoncomplained that “Berzelius’ symbols are horrifying; a young student in chemistrymight as well learn Hebrew as make himself acquainted with them. They appearlike a chaos of atoms .. to equally perplex the adept of Science, to discourage thelearner as well as to cloud the beauty of the Atomic Theory.”
Berzellius’ Use of Symbols to Represent Atoms
The Development of Modern ChemistryBy Aaron J. Ihde
Chlorides of Iron
Ferrous Chloride Ferric Chloride
Oxides of Hydrogen
Water Hydrogen Peroxide