LAURIER: ALASKA LAURIER: ALASKA BOUNDARY BOUNDARY

DISPUTEDISPUTE

ALASKA BOUNDARY ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTEDISPUTE

• 1867 USA BUYS ALASKA FROM RUSSIA1867 USA BUYS ALASKA FROM RUSSIA

• 1825 ANGLO RUSSIAN BOUNDARY 1825 ANGLO RUSSIAN BOUNDARY TREATY INCORRECT AS BORDER WAS TO TREATY INCORRECT AS BORDER WAS TO RUN ALONG MOUNTAINS PARALLEL TO RUN ALONG MOUNTAINS PARALLEL TO COAST, NO SUCH CHAINCOAST, NO SUCH CHAIN

• NO REAL PROBLEM AS AREA SPARSELY NO REAL PROBLEM AS AREA SPARSELY POPULATED SO POPULATED SO

• 1872 BC ASKS FOR SURVEY, US REFUSE $1872 BC ASKS FOR SURVEY, US REFUSE $

• STATUS QUO UNTIL 1896 WHEN GEORGE STATUS QUO UNTIL 1896 WHEN GEORGE CARMACK STRIKES GOLD IN THE YUKONCARMACK STRIKES GOLD IN THE YUKON

GOLD RUSH AND THE BOUNDARYGOLD RUSH AND THE BOUNDARY• YUKON GOLD RUSH FROM BC/USA SO BY 1897 YUKON GOLD RUSH FROM BC/USA SO BY 1897

30,000 PEOPLE IN DAWSON30,000 PEOPLE IN DAWSON

• INCREDIBLE WEALTH TO BE HAD. GOLD INCREDIBLE WEALTH TO BE HAD. GOLD INSIDE CANADA, BUT PORT CITY OF INSIDE CANADA, BUT PORT CITY OF SKAGWAY WAS CLAIMED BY BOTHSKAGWAY WAS CLAIMED BY BOTH

• IT WAS THE KEY TO ENTERING GOLD FIELDS, IT WAS THE KEY TO ENTERING GOLD FIELDS, SO BOTH WANTEDSO BOTH WANTED

• ONE CLAIM 500,000 DOLLARS IN 100 SQUARE ONE CLAIM 500,000 DOLLARS IN 100 SQUARE FTFT

• US CLAIMS ENTIRE PANHANDLE, LAND-US CLAIMS ENTIRE PANHANDLE, LAND-LOCKING YUKONLOCKING YUKON

• 1898 USA AND BR MEET IN JOINT 1898 USA AND BR MEET IN JOINT COMMISSION AND WORK OUT COMPROMISE COMMISSION AND WORK OUT COMPROMISE DEALDEAL

GEORGE CARMACK, THEMAN WHO SETS OFF THE GOLD RUSH

TYPICAL MINING CLAIM IN KLONDIKE

THE US CANADA BORDER ABOVE LEFT, AND THE PORT OF SKAGWAY TO THE RIGHT. SKAGWAY WAS THE ONLY EASILY ACCESSIBLE ACCESS TO THE KLONDIKE GOLDFIELDS.

• DEAL LEAKS TO PRESS AND GEORGE TURNER DEAL LEAKS TO PRESS AND GEORGE TURNER GOVERNOR OF WASHINGTON BEGINS TO GOVERNOR OF WASHINGTON BEGINS TO FILIBUSTERFILIBUSTER

• BOMBASTIC US CITIZENS CALL FOR BOMBASTIC US CITIZENS CALL FOR ANNEXATION OF ENTIRE REGIONANNEXATION OF ENTIRE REGION

• NEW MEETING BUT NO DEAL AS BOTH SIDES NEW MEETING BUT NO DEAL AS BOTH SIDES ADAMANTADAMANT

• TEDDY ROOSEVELT DEMANDS ACTION (WALK TEDDY ROOSEVELT DEMANDS ACTION (WALK QUIETLY BUT CARRY A BIG STICK) PHILIPPINES, QUIETLY BUT CARRY A BIG STICK) PHILIPPINES, HAWAII, PANAMA JUST TAKEN BY USAHAWAII, PANAMA JUST TAKEN BY USA

• 1899-1903 POLICY OF HARASSMENT IN YUKON 1899-1903 POLICY OF HARASSMENT IN YUKON BY BOTH SIDES. HEAVY TAXESBY BOTH SIDES. HEAVY TAXES

• CANADA (CLIFFORD SIFTON) BEGINS TALK OF CANADA (CLIFFORD SIFTON) BEGINS TALK OF BUILDING RAILWAY TO NORTH. HURTS OUR BUILDING RAILWAY TO NORTH. HURTS OUR CLAIMCLAIM

• 1903 TRIBUNAL TO MEET. EACH SIDE THREE 1903 TRIBUNAL TO MEET. EACH SIDE THREE MENMEN

THEODORE “TEDDY”ROOSEVELT.

PRESIDENT OF THE USA!

“WALK QUIETLY BUTCARRY A BIG STICK”

GEORGE TURNER, US SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON STATE.

CLIFFORD SIFTON, CDN MINISTER OF INTERIOR

HE GAVE US THE MOSAIC

• MEN TO BE IMPARTIAL. ELI ROOT USA MEN TO BE IMPARTIAL. ELI ROOT USA SECRETARY FOR WAR, GEORGE TURNER, AND SECRETARY FOR WAR, GEORGE TURNER, AND HENRY CABOT LODGE A LEADING ANGLOPHOBE HENRY CABOT LODGE A LEADING ANGLOPHOBE AND MANIFEST DESTINY SUPPORTERAND MANIFEST DESTINY SUPPORTER

• CDN REPS ARE TWO EQUALLY BIASED CDN REPS ARE TWO EQUALLY BIASED INDIVIDUALS, AND BRITISH CHIEF JUSTICE LORD INDIVIDUALS, AND BRITISH CHIEF JUSTICE LORD ALVERSTONEALVERSTONE

• ROOSEVELT TELLS HIS MEN TO GET THE ROOSEVELT TELLS HIS MEN TO GET THE CONCESSIONS OR WARCONCESSIONS OR WAR

• MOVING MARINES TO ALASKAMOVING MARINES TO ALASKA

• WE EXPECTED BRITISH SUPPORT (BOER WAR), WE EXPECTED BRITISH SUPPORT (BOER WAR), HOWEVER BR PROVED MORE INTERESTED IN HOWEVER BR PROVED MORE INTERESTED IN GETTING INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION BACK, GETTING INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION BACK, AND AVOIDING CONFLICT WITH USAAND AVOIDING CONFLICT WITH USA

• IN END USA WIN 4-2 ALTHOUGH CDNS REFUSE TO IN END USA WIN 4-2 ALTHOUGH CDNS REFUSE TO SIGN AND PUBLICLY CALL IT A SELL OUTSIGN AND PUBLICLY CALL IT A SELL OUT

ELIHU ROOT US SECRETARY FOR WAR

WANTED ALASKAN PANHANDLE AND SKAGWAY

HE ORDERED MARINES INTO ALASKA TO SABRERATTLE

BELOW IS THATSENATOR FROM WASHINGTON

GEORGE TURNER

ABOVE IS HENRYCABOT LODGE.

LEADING ANGLOPHOBE SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

SIR LOUIS JETTE FORMERCDN SUPREME COURT JUDGE.

REFUSED TO SIGN THE SETTLEMENT

ALLEN B AYLESWORTH THE OTHER CDN REP. HE WAS ALSO A LAWYER!

LATER BECOMES LIBERAL SENATOR, AND HE IS THE ONE WHO RECOMMENDS KING FORLEADER OF THE LIBS AFTER LAURIER

THE BRITISH REPTHE BRITISH REP

LORD ALVERSTONE WAS THE ONLYREPRESENTATIVE WHO WAS TRULYIMPARTIAL.

SOME CLAIM SOLD OUT CANADASO BRITAIN COULD AVOID CONFLICTWITH USA, AND BRING BACK REPUTATIONAFTER THE BOER WAR

• USA GETS ALMOST EVERYTHING, ALTHOUGH USA GETS ALMOST EVERYTHING, ALTHOUGH WE DO GET COUPLE OF ISLANDS OFF COAST WE DO GET COUPLE OF ISLANDS OFF COAST AND PANHANDLE DOES NOT GO INLAND AS FAR AND PANHANDLE DOES NOT GO INLAND AS FAR AS USA WANTEDAS USA WANTED

• OCTOBER 20OCTOBER 20THTH 1903 ALASKA DISPUTE OVER, WE 1903 ALASKA DISPUTE OVER, WE ARE SOLD OUT. MESSAGE?ARE SOLD OUT. MESSAGE?

• GOD SAVE KING BOOED IN BC, IN ONTARIO GOD SAVE KING BOOED IN BC, IN ONTARIO UNION JACK FLOWN AT HALF MASTUNION JACK FLOWN AT HALF MAST

• ALLOWS LAURIER TO REFUSE CLOSER TIES TO ALLOWS LAURIER TO REFUSE CLOSER TIES TO BRBR

• ALLOWS LAURIER TO FOUND DEPARTMENT OF ALLOWS LAURIER TO FOUND DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS WITHIN FIVE YEARS.FOREIGN AFFAIRS WITHIN FIVE YEARS.

• SLOWLY MOVING AWAY FROM BRITAIN AND SLOWLY MOVING AWAY FROM BRITAIN AND THIS ALLOWS LAURIER TO DO SO WITHOUT THIS ALLOWS LAURIER TO DO SO WITHOUT MAJOR BACKLASH THAT HURT MACKENZIE AND MAJOR BACKLASH THAT HURT MACKENZIE AND LAURIER BEFORELAURIER BEFORE

• TO AVOID LOSING MORE LAND IN NORTH, TO AVOID LOSING MORE LAND IN NORTH, WE SEND NWMP UP THERE TO ASSERT WE SEND NWMP UP THERE TO ASSERT SOVEREIGNTYSOVEREIGNTY

• TAX AMERICANS LEAVING SKAGWAY WITH TAX AMERICANS LEAVING SKAGWAY WITH OUR GOLDOUR GOLD

• DON’T ALLOW US MINERS IN DURING BC DON’T ALLOW US MINERS IN DURING BC GOLD RUSHGOLD RUSH

• PART OF BOTH AMERICAN AND CANADIAN PART OF BOTH AMERICAN AND CANADIAN HISTORYHISTORY

• MUSEUM TO GOLD RUSH IN SAN MUSEUM TO GOLD RUSH IN SAN FRANCISCO, RANKS KLONDIKE GOLD FRANCISCO, RANKS KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH AS ONE OF TOP US HISTORICAL RUSH AS ONE OF TOP US HISTORICAL EVENTSEVENTS

• DAWSON CITY HAD ONLY 13 DAWSON CITY HAD ONLY 13 MURDERS DURING GOLD RUSHMURDERS DURING GOLD RUSH

• WOMEN FLOCKED THERE TO WOMEN FLOCKED THERE TO MAKE MONEY TOOMAKE MONEY TOO

• LEGACY OF ALASKA BOUNDARY LEGACY OF ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTE: ASSERTION OF SOV DISPUTE: ASSERTION OF SOV IN NORTH, MOVING AWAY IN NORTH, MOVING AWAY FROM BR, US NEGOTIATIONS FROM BR, US NEGOTIATIONS WITH CANADAWITH CANADA