LAUNCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE

Growing Pains 1789

• Population doubling every 25 yrs.

• 90% rural• 5% east of Appalachians

THE FIRST ADMINISTRATION

GW (1789-1797)

1. “man of the people?”

2. Cabinet members?

Hamilton’s Controversial Fiscal Program

1. Tariffs of 1789:Focus - raise revenue for the gov’t, not protect Amer. Merchants

2. Hamilton’s Plana. Assumption –

i. feds repay states debt w/bonds

ii. Est. credit for fed. Gov’t abroad

b. Bank of the United States Managed by Treasury Dept.

c. TJ argues unconstitutional expansion of power

3. Complete Successforeign investments and domestic capital increases

HBO’SHAMILTON V. TJ

CLIP

Hamilton vs. TJ re: the Constitution

Federalist

Implied powers

Anti-federalist

Explicit powers

Foreign Policy (1793) aka “self interest”

1. French Rev. and war Between France and GB

2. What should the US do?

3. Feds: support GB; trade

4. Anti-feds: support Fr; less dependent on GB

5. GW says Neutrality! = Sell, sell, sell!

&

Domestic Crisis (1794)

1. Whiskey Rebelliona. Excise tax?

b. tax collectors harassed

c. Three Rebels killed

d. GW sends troops out to Pa; puts rebels down

2. Moral of story?

a. don’t mess w/Fed govt => Tested powers of new

fed gov’t and Feds win

Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties1. Jay’s Treaty (1794)

a. GB to leave by 1796

b. Pay damages for seizures of American ships

c. GB to become most favored nation re: trade

d. Pay debt to GB pre-Rev mostly by southerners

e. Problems w/treatyi. France is salty

ii. South/slaves

f. “Executive privilege” precedent est.

Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties

2. Pinckney’s Treaty a. Southern boundary @31

parallel

b. Ms. River open for US

trade; Spain still controls the

La. Territory

Collectively, LTC of treaties?

Sovereignty West of Appalachian Mts. And ports from Atlantic to Miss. Valley open.

I. GW Farewell Address

• doc

The Rise of Political PartiesElection of 1796

Federalists

President

Dem.-Republicans

V.P.

Adam’s X, Y, Z Affair1. Relations between US and

France worsen thanks to US support of Jay’s Treaty; French confiscate US vessels and cargo/$20M.

2. US Delegates turned away; French wanted bribes and loans

3. Adams releases messages with names of French officials as X, Y, and Z.

4. Adams stands his ground; builds a navy for defense

5. “Quasi-war” between the two on the Atlantic

6. Adams approval rating soars; by Anti-feds as well!

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

1. Limits free speech and liberties of foreigners

2. Naturalization Act increases residence requirements from 5 to 14 years

3. Sedition Act: fines/imprisonment for anyone convicted of speaking against gov’t

4. To be used against Republicans

5. Disagreement = treason

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

6. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutionsa. states have fundamental rights that the federal gov’t

cannot abridge (diminish)

b. States can nullify federal laws that they judge to be unconstitutional

c. Federalists believed since the people, not the states, wrote the constitution; therefore, the Supreme Court should be the only branch to deem laws unconstitutional

1800 Election Results1800 Election Results

Adams

Jefferson

The Jefferson Presidency1800-1808

Out with the Feds in with the Democratic Republicans!

An Independent JudiciaryMarbury vs. Madison

1. Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are constitutional

2. LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches

D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control

2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti

3. TJ’s concern?

Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans

4. LTC/Impact of purchase

a. US doubles in size – peacefully

b. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement

c. Trouble w/natives

5. criticism?

6. Precedent?

T.J.’s Lewis and Clark

Burr/Hamilton Duel

Problem with Neutral Rights

1. GB and FR at war; both seizes US ships

a. GB seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers

• Impressment• 6,000 Americans taken in all

b. Chesapeake: GB Open fires on her after refusing their demands of men claimed to be deserters; 3 US killed

c. How is America feeling right now?

d. Do we declare war?

B. The Embargo Act (1807)

1. American goods will not be exported!

2. Goal: “Peaceful Coercion”a. Recognize US neutrality

b. deprive GB and Fr from raw materials

3. Backfiresa. Exports drop by 80%

b. Economic depression

c. Smuggling increased

d. Let’s talk session, baby!

4. Failed thus repealed 1809a. Get supplies from Latin Amer

b. Great crop year for GB

c. smuggling

5. Non-intercourse Act: trade with countries other than GB and FR

#4: President Madison (1809-1817)

Dem-Republican

(responsible for writing constitution)

Br. Instigation of IndiansBr. Instigation of Indians

British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811• Gen. Harrison governor of Indiana

Territory• Wants Natives land; 3M acres• Tecumseh organizes confederation

of Natives to fight• “the Prophet,” Tecumseh’s brothers

dies at Tippecanoe• Tecumseh dies during war of 1812

at Thames Battle• Harrison = Hero

• Election of 1840 “Tippecanoe & Tyler too!”

“War Hawks”Dem-Rep.

“War Hawks”Dem-Rep.

Henry Clay [KY]

Henry Clay [KY]

John C. Calhoun [SC]

John C. Calhoun [SC]

Presidential Election of 1812

Presidential Election of 1812

“Mr. Madison’s War!”“Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems1. The US was unprepared

militarily:

a. Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.

b. Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.

2. Financially unprepared:

a. Flood of paper $.

b. Revenue from import tariffs declined.

3. Regional disagreements.• Some wanted to wipe out

Native American base in Canada = chants of “On to Canada!”

• Southerners looked to Florida.• We are starting to look bad if we

cannot defend the Republic!• S/NE/Feds = proBritish, no to

Canada, supplied GB during war

• S/W/Dem-Rep = proFrench and want war!

1812: US DECLARES WAR ON GB!

It’s on like Donkey Kong!

The War of 1812

“Second war of Independence”

Reasons for this war

1. Impressment

2. GB supporting natives

3. US Shipping rights restricted by GB

4. Expansion into NW territory

5. GB not recognizing US neutrality

The War Hawks1. S. and W. congressmen who

wanted war w/GB

2. North and middle states did not = sectionalism

3. US military small thanks to TJ!

4. GB uses blockade effectively; keeps US from trading with other countries esp. West Indies

5. D.C. burned to the ground

6. Francis Scott Key = Star-spangled Banner (Ft. McHenry)

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson Square, NOLA!

Treaty of Ghent, Belgium (Dec. 1814)

1. GB tired of fighting= compromises

2. GB to leave western posts

3. Impressment and neutrality rights never addressed!

4. US moral increaseda. “We won, we won!” (BNO)

b. “We are not your colony any longer!”

5. Divisive in Congress; unnecessary war; a draw

6. Biggest losers…

The Hartford Convention (Dec-Jan, 1815)

1. NE states meeting to discuss nullification due to war grievances

2. Secession on the table; no real threat

3. Supported GB/Federalists

4. War over before delegates reached Congress

5. They become the joke of the times!

LTC of War of 1812• New found respect

worldwide for fighting.• Sectionalism growing• New Heroes: AJ &

Harrison• Economically,

manufacturing grew

Diplomacy of JQ Adams (Sec. of State)

a. Rush-Bagot Treaty 1818 (US/GB)

- Great Lakes demilitarized