Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié

Sojourners Sojourners Tramping Tramping

through the through the Appalachians:Appalachians:

Acadia to Acadia to AcadiéAcadié

APPALACHIANS – Session APPALACHIANS – Session 22

1

Weeks 2-3: New EnglandWeeks 2-3: New England

Week 6: NewfoundlandWeek 6: Newfoundland

Week 4: QuebecWeek 4: Quebec

Week 5: Maritime ProvincesWeek 5: Maritime Provinces

APPALACHIANS – Session APPALACHIANS – Session 22

New England

Louisiana to New EnglandLouisiana to New England

Becoming VagabondsBecoming Vagabonds

Weeks 1:Weeks 1:

2

Week 3

NEW ENGLAND – Part NEW ENGLAND – Part 11

ConnectiConnecticutcut Rhode Rhode

IslandIsland

MassachusMassachusettsetts

VermoVermontnt

New New HampshireHampshire MaineMaine

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BUT FIRST, BUT FIRST, WHERE DID WE WHERE DID WE

JOURNEY IN JOURNEY IN THOSE THOSE

STATES?STATES?

TRAVEL & SIGHTSEEING

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CONNECTICUT

7

CONNECTICUT

8

CONNECTICUT

Yale – Peabody

Museum,New Haven

Yale – British Museu

m,New Haven

Yale – Rare Book

Museum,New Haven

FormerBeaumont Residence,

New Caanan

Phelps Tavern,

Simsbury

Mark Twain Museum,Hartford

1st Church of

Christ (1635)

Wethersfield

Mystic Seaport, New

London American

Art Museum,

New Britain

Yale –Museum of Art,

New Haven

Clock & Carousel Museums,Bristol

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RHODE ISLAND

`̀

To New Hampshire

From Connecticu

t

To Plymouth, MA

To Woods Hole, MA

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RHODE ISLAND

`̀

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RHODE ISLAND

The Breakers, Newport

America’s CupHall of Fame,

Bristol

Yacht RestorationSchool, Newport

Purgatory Chasm,Newport

Brown University,Providence

Providence

Watch Hill Homes

RI Design School,Providence

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MASSACHUSETTS

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MASSACHUSETTSNorthshore Drive

Salem

JFK Museum,Hyannis PortWoods Hole

OceanographicInstitute

Plymouth Rock &PlymouthPlantation

JFK Presidential Library, Boston

Harvard – Mus of Natural History,

BostonMinute Man NHP,

Concord

Amherst College & Emily Dickenson

Museum

Boots Cotton Mill & Textile

Museum, Lowell

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•GEOGRAPHY

•HISTORY

•DEMOGRAPHICS

• INDUSTRY

•ECONOMICS

STATE BY STATE COMPARISON

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FACTOR CONNECTICUTRHODE ISLAND

MASSACHUSETTES

TEXAS

GEOGRAPHY

land area (sq miles) 4,844 1,045 7,840 261,797 forested land (% total land) 60.0% 58.8% 62.2% 7.1%

HISTORY

European exploration Dutch: 1614 English: 1620 Spanish: 1682

prior to statehood

1639: Connecticut Colony (Fundamental

Orders; the first modern constitution)

Clergyman Roger Williams 1636; declared State

May, 1776,

Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, founded Plymouth

Colony in 1620

1836: independent Republic of Texas

statehood 1788 (5th State) 1790 (13th State) 1788 (6th State) 1845 (28th State)

DEMOGRAPHICS

population (2005) 3,574,097 1,052,567 6,547,629 25,100,000 people/mile2 (2000 census) 703 1003 810 96 white 64.2% 69.0% 70.8% 46% black 10.1% 5.7% 6.6% 12% native American 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 1% hispanic/latino 13.4% 12.4% 9.6% 38% asian 3.8% 2.9% 5.3% 3% other 8.2% 9.3% 7.3% 1% median age 37.4 36.7 36.5 32 % over 65 13.8% 14.5% 13.5% 10%

language spoken at home

Only English: 81.7%Spanish: 8.4%Italian: 1.6%

Only English: 80.0%Spanish: 8.1%

Portuguese: 3.8%

Only English: 81.3%Spanish: 6.2%

Portuguese: 2.7%

Only English: 69% Spanish: 27%

FACTOR CONNECTICUT RHODE ISLAND MASSACHUSETTES TEXAS ECONOMICS Gross State Product (rank): 2010 $237 billion (24) $49 billion (45) $378 billion (13) $1,306 billion (2) GSP per capita: 2010 $64,833 (4) $45,000 (26) $58,108 (6) $45,940 (24) median household income:2009 $66,452 $51,914 $61,333 $48,286 % unemployment: as of 8/2011 9.0% 10.6% 7.4% 8.5%

main agricultural products

eggs, pears, peaches, and mushrooms, oysters (2nd in nation) Poultry

and dairy

small-scale farming, including

grapes for local wineries,

turf grass, and nursery stock

cranberry crop is the nation's 2nd

largest (after Wisconsin)., dairy

and poultry, nursery and

greenhse produce, veg, and fruit.

leads all in cattle, sheep,

cotton;also produce poultry &

eggs, dairy, greenhse and

nursery products, wheat, hay, rice,

sugar cane, peanuts, fruits &

veg.

major industrial products

weapons, sewing machines, jet engines, helicopters, motors, hardware and tools, cutlery, clocks, locks,

silverware, and submarines.

jewelry manuf.. electronics,

metals, plastic products, and

boat/ship construction;

Non-manufacturing

research: Health,

medicine, ocean

environment.

electronics and communications equipment fields

Sulfur, salt, helium, asphalt,

graphite, bromine, natural gas, oil, cement, clays; Chemicals, oil refining, food processing,

machinery, and transportation

equipment

tourism ($/year) $14 billion $3.26 billion $13.5 billion $44 billion

electrical production energy source (2006)

5% Coal70% O&G

21%-nuclear 1% -hydroelectric

0% Coal97% O&G


9% Coal82% O&G


14% Coal82% O&G


(Items in RED are unique to that

State)

(Items in RED are unique to that

State)


New New EnglandEngland

Regional Regional GeologyGeology

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NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL GEOLOGY

FIRST,FIRST,Let’s get Let’s get the BIG the BIG

picture…picture…

FIRST,FIRST,Let’s get Let’s get the BIG the BIG

picture…picture…21

Geologic Evolution of New England

Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look look

at the time at the time periods periods of the of the

Cambrian and Cambrian and Ordovician,Ordovician,

540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru 440 mybp440 mybp

Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look look

at the time at the time periods periods of the of the

Cambrian and Cambrian and Ordovician,Ordovician,

540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru 440 mybp440 mybp

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650 MYBP650 MYBP

540 MYBP540 MYBP

440 MYBP440 MYBP

CAMBRIAN & ORDOVICIAN PERIODS

Specifically, lets Specifically, lets look at the time look at the time periods of the periods of the Cambrian and Cambrian and

Ordovician,Ordovician,540 mybp thru 540 mybp thru

440 mybp440 mybp

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550 Million Years Before Present (MYBP)

From Ron Blakely @ http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namPC550.jpg

Proto-North America

Proto-Africa

Volcanic Island-Arc

Lake Michigan

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Subducting Plate

Accretionary Wedge

Overriding Plate

1. Sediments are being scraped off the subducting plate

Ocean

2. Sediments forming an Accretionary Wedge in front of the Overriding Plate

3. Subducting plate is melting, causing volcanoes on the leading edge of the Overriding Plate

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Geologic Evolution of New England4. Volcanic Arc continues it’s westward

movement; Prot0-North America continues it’s eastward movement

5. Sediments scraped off of Oceanic Crust continue to pile up in front of the Overriding Plate and metamorphs into rock

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Geologic Evolution of New England6. Sediments, which are now rocks, and

Volcanic Arc debris are “docked” onto and become a part of Proto-North America

7. These “docked” rocks are weathered for millions of years and form the topography of New England

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Proto-North

American Continent

Piedmont Terrane

#1

Piedmont Terrane

#2

Avalonian Terrane

Triassic Red-Bed

Sedimentary &

Basaltic Fill


• The collision of micro-The collision of micro-continents, island-arc terranes, continents, island-arc terranes, or proto-continents into Proto-or proto-continents into Proto-North America North America has happened has happened many times many times over geologic over geologic history creating the underlying history creating the underlying terrain of New Englandterrain of New England

• Subsequent glaciations & Subsequent glaciations & glacial retreating “scrubbed” glacial retreating “scrubbed” the surface to shape today’s the surface to shape today’s landscape topographylandscape topography

TriassicRed-Beds

Blue Ridge & Piedmonts

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Week 3

3 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS3 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS

ConnectiConnecticutcut

Dinosaur Dinosaur State ParkState Park

Rhode Rhode IslandIsland

Slater MillSlater Mill


Cape CodCape Cod31

Week 3


ConnectiConnecticutcut

Dinosaur Dinosaur State ParkState Park

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• Park has one of the largest on-site displays of dinosaur tracks in the world

• Beneath the geodesic dome is an exceptional display of early Jurassic fossil tracks that were made 200 million years ago

• 500 tracks are enclosed within a 55,000-square-foot dome; the remaining 1,500 tracks are buried for preservation

• The trackway is located in Rocky Hill, CT (20 min south of Hartford)and has been designated a registered Natural Landmark by the U. S. Department of Interior

DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK

WHERE DID THESE TRACK COME

WHERE DID THESE TRACK COME

FROM ?

FROM ?

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DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARK• Most scientists agree that

the trackmaker was a carnivorous dinosaur similar in size and shape to Dilophosaurus. The tracks range from 10 to 16 inches in length and are spaced 3.5 to 4.5 feet apart

• Dipolarsours was only about Dipolarsours was only about 9 ft tall, 20 ft long and 9 ft tall, 20 ft long and weighed ½ tonweighed ½ ton

• Analysis of it’s teeth Analysis of it’s teeth indicate poor basal indicate poor basal strength, therefore it’s strength, therefore it’s assumed that this dinosaur assumed that this dinosaur feed on feed on dead carcasses

• Time of dinosaurs started in Time of dinosaurs started in the Jurassic (200 mya) and the Jurassic (200 mya) and lasted for 140 myalasted for 140 mya

Life Form Evolutionary Time Line

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Dinosaur_State_Park_%28Rocky_Hill%2C_CT%29_-_prints.JPG

• Trackway is only a ONE INCH thick layer of sandstone

• Tracks indicated that dinos were traveling alone and in different, straight line

• Most likely, they were just passing through and not congregating here

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DINOSAUR STATE PARKDINOSAUR STATE PARKHorizontal

Strata

Syncline Fold

Anticline Fold

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Negative Raindrop ImpressionsNegative Raindrop Impressions

The impressions of driving raindrops which The impressions of driving raindrops which dimpled the soft mud one Early Jurassic day are dimpled the soft mud one Early Jurassic day are now preserved in stonenow preserved in stone


Ripple MarksRipple Marks

Little wind-blown waves in shallow water 200 mya Little wind-blown waves in shallow water 200 mya left fossilized ripples in the sandleft fossilized ripples in the sand

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OTHER USA TRACKWAY OTHER USA TRACKWAY SITESSITES

ColoradoColorado

Dino Ridge Natl Natural Dino Ridge Natl Natural LandmarkLandmark

MassachusettesMassachusettes

MA Dinosaur Track MA Dinosaur Track SiteSite

New MexicoNew Mexico

Clayton Lake SPClayton Lake SP

ArizonaArizona

Tuba City SiteTuba City Site

WyomingWyoming

Red Gulch DT Red Gulch DT SiteSite

UTAHUTAH

• Red Fleet SPRed Fleet SP• Warner Warner

Valley DT Valley DT SiteSite

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Week 3


Rhode Rhode IslandIsland

Slater MillSlater Mill42

Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill• Born in Derbyshire, England in 1768

• Known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" or the

• "Father of the American Factory System"

• Learned textile machinery as an apprentice to a pioneer in the British industry

• Brought his knowledge to America where he designed the first textile mills

• Hannah Slater invented a type of cotton sewing thread, becoming in 1793 the first American woman to be granted a patent

• By the end of Slater's life he owned thirteen spinning mills and had established tenant farms and towns around his textile mills

• Price: He was considered a traitor in his native England

Samuel Slater(June 9, 1768 – April 21, 1835)

The story starts with…

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• Drew on his British village experience to create a factory setting based on customary patterns of family life in New England villages

• Children aged 7 to 12 were the first employees of the mill starting in 1790.

• Tried to staff his mill with women and children from far away, without avail due to the close-knit framework of the New England family

• Brought in whole families, creating entire towns

• Provided company-owned housing nearby, along with company stores and sponsored a Sunday School where college students taught the children reading and writing.

• This factory system is now called the "Rhode Island System"

Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill

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45


Slater Mill

Wilkinson Mill

Blackstone River

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47


48


Drill pressWood lathe

Scroll Saw

Wood PlannerMetal Lathe

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50


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Rhode Island – Slater MillRhode Island – Slater Mill• Moved from a water wheel to turbine

• Water turbine in the Slater Mill

• Turbine is being restored today so that it can continue to be used to produce electricity for the historic site

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Week 3



CAPE CODCAPE COD54

CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION

MASSACHUSETTS

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1. Pilgrim first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620

2. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; shortened water trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles

3. High point: Pine Hill at 306 ft

4. Cape Cod National Seashore

5. Kennedy Compound at Hyannis Port

6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

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22

11


20 mi

8.5 mi

15 mi

44

55

66

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Today, the sea and land are where we know them to be

But,

IMAGINE A TIME 23,000 YEARS AGO

•Winter and it’s snows start lasting a lot longer; snows accumulate; glaciers advance

•Water levels fall & are 400 ft lower than today; the ocean is far from where Cape Cod WILL BE

Atlantic Ocean

Massachusetts


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• Maximum glacial advance 23,000 ybp

• Large glacial debris pushed forward by different glacial lobes

• Glacial debris forms the future islands of Martha’s Vineyard to the west and Nantucket to the East


Buzzard

Bay

Lobe

Cape

Cod

Lobe South

Channel

Lobe

Martha’s Vineyard

IslandNantucket

Island

(lite green represents the

Advancing Glacier)

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• By 19,000 ybp, the glacial ice sheet has retreated to the position of Cape Cod

• Additional glacial debris is deposited to form Cape Cod

• Glacial outwash further develops the bulk of the Cape

• Periodic advance and retreating of the glacier continues to add mass to the Cape

• The ocean has not risen sufficiently to erode the two islands recently formed

CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATION(lite green

represents theAdvancing Glacier)

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Younger Outw

ash Deposits

Younger Outwash Deposits

Older Outwash Deposits

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KETTLE FORMATION

Kettle Ponds are depressions caused by

•chunks of ice breaking off from the glacier and

•slowly melting away

•while water eroded the soils under the ice block

•Leaving a small pond behind


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CAPE COD FORMATIONCAPE COD FORMATIONBeautiful Cape Cod

Kettle Ponds

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WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?


• New England Sightseeing spotsNew England Sightseeing spots

• New England data (geography, history, New England data (geography, history, demographics, industry, economy)demographics, industry, economy)

• New England regional geology (incl. New England regional geology (incl. geologic time scale, process of subduction, geologic time scale, process of subduction, accretionary wedge & island arc accretionary wedge & island arc formations, continental growth by docking formations, continental growth by docking of terranes)of terranes)

• Seen footprints of Seen footprints of

• Beginning of Industrial Revolution atBeginning of Industrial Revolution at

• Cape Cod formation by Cape Cod formation by

Dinosaurs or Dilophosaurus Slater

MillGlacial recession

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REMEMBER…REMEMBER…

GEOLOGY ROCKSGEOLOGY ROCKS


THANK YOU!

THANK YOU!

THANK YOU!

THANK YOU!66

From DK China 2005

- - The The Appalachians -Appalachians -

New England – Part New England – Part 22

Vermont, New Vermont, New Hampshire, MaineHampshire, Maine

Next Week – Session Next Week – Session 33

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http://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/images/CtGeoMap_big.jpghttp://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/CtLandscapes/CTlandscapes3.htmlhttp://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/taconic_orogeny.htmlhttp://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/outdoor_recreation/scorp/SCORP_Chapter2.pdf http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Physiography.pdf http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Physiography.pdf http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/evolution/phylatimeline.htmhttp://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/NJcontext/ENAhistory.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_State_Park http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dilophosaurus_wetherilli_2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Slater http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/09/factory-fans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater_Mill http://www.slatermill.org/initiatives/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster,_Massachusetts

REFERENCESREFERENCEShttp://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/47000/47138/ISS016-E-010312_lrg.jpg http://www.statemaster.com/graph/geo_lan_acr_tot_for_lan-geography-land-acreage-total-forest http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Massachusetts.pdf http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Rhode_Island.pdf http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108266.html http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108191.html http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(geology)#Fold_types

All class materials will be on

1) the University’s website

and on

2) Don’s Website at:

www.donbeaumont.weebly.com


ANY QUESTIONS??69

Sojourners Tramping through the Appalachians: Acadia to Acadié

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