LaTeX tutorial II

Introduction to LATEXSession #2

Oriol Borrega Pedro Tiago Martins

Universitat de Barcelona

January 21, 2013

Borrega & Martins (UB) Introduction to LATEX Session #2 January 21, 2013 1 / 41

Outline

1 A preamble: preamblesStyling with style

2 Listing the listsItemizing stuffEnumerating stuffDefining stuff

3 Floating elementsImagine imagesWhy must there always be a table?

Before we begin. . .

. . . remember your commands!

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}

\section{Your section name here}

\emph{some text here}

\begin{document}

Lots of stuff in here

\end{document}

\begin{document}

\end{document}

\begin{document}

\end{document}

(and a brief side comment)

Anything following a percent sign (%) will be ignored by the compiler.That’s very useful to put comments in your documents or to turn on/offcommands and lines of text.

A preamble: preambles

Outline

An example of a preamble

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[english,catalan]{babel}

\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}

\usepackage{geometry} %Allows to change layout settings

\usepackage{enumerate} %Enables lists

\title{The Denisova Hominin}

\author{Wikipedia}

\date{January 21st, 2013}

\parskip=5mm

\geometry{top=2.5cm,left=3cm,right=3cm,bottom=2.5cm}

What is going on here?

We are declaring the kind of document we want X\ documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}

We are telling LATEX we will do some “special tricks”

\ usepackage[english,catalan]{babel}\ usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}\ usepackage{geometry}\ usepackage{enumerate}

We are signing our document X\ title {The Denisova hominin}\ author {N.E.Ander et al.}\ date {Just about today}

We are changing the default layout of the document

\ parskip=5mm\ geometry{top=2.5cm,left=3cm,right=3cm,bottom=2.5cm}

Remember!

Title, author and date do not appear by default

\ maketitle

Something similar happens with languages

\ selectlanguage{catalan}

Remember!

\ maketitle

Remember!

\ maketitle

Remember!

\ maketitle

A preamble: preambles Styling with style

Just a word on styling: Font Size

this text is tiny

this text is in scriptsize

this text is in footnotesize

this text is still small

this is the normalsize

this text is large

this text is Large

Man, this text is LARGE

this is huge

this is really Huge

Just a word on styling: Text Alignment

Text in LATEX can be aligned as you like,

you just have to say how that is. You rather have it

centered, to the left or to the right?

\begin{flushleft}

Text in \LaTeX can be aligned as you like,

\end{flushleft}

\begin{center}

\end{center}

\begin{flushright}

\end{flushright}

Just a word on styling: Text Alignment

Text in LATEX can be aligned as you like,

\begin{flushleft}

Text in \LaTeX can be aligned as you like,

\end{flushleft}

\begin{center}

\end{center}

\begin{flushright}

\end{flushright}

Listing the lists

Outline

Listing the lists

Three examples of lists

Itemizing only puts bullets. . .

. . . it makes an unordered list.

1 Enumeration numbers each item. . .

2 . . . automatically, of course.

Description is seldom used, though it’s nice.

Items are put as in a dictionary.

Listing the lists

Listing the lists Itemizing stuff

Itemizing stuff

The basic way:

\begin{itemize}

\item First item

\item Second item

\item Third item

\end{itemize}

Itemizing stuff

Itemization provides four levels, by nesting several itemizeenvironments

\begin{itemize}

\item First level

\begin{itemize}

\item Second level

\begin{itemize}

\item Third level

\begin{itemize}

\item Fourth level

\end{itemize}

Itemizing stuff

Itemization provides four levels, by nesting several itemizeenvironments

\begin{itemize}

\item First level

\begin{itemize}

\item Second level

\begin{itemize}

\item Third level

\begin{itemize}

\item Fourth level

\end{itemize}

A quick challenge

First level

Second level

First levelSecond level

Third level

Second level

Third levelThird level

First level

Was it hard?

\begin{itemize}

\item First level

\begin{itemize}

\item Second level

\end{itemize}

\item First level

\begin{itemize}

\item Second level

\begin{itemize}

\item Third level

\end{itemize}

\item Second level

\begin{itemize}

\item Third level

\end{itemize}

\item First level

\end{itemize}

Listing the lists Enumerating stuff

Enumerating stuff

The basic way, almost like itemizing:

\begin{enumerate}

\item First item

\item Second item

\item Third item

\end{enumerate}

Enumerating stuff

Like with itemization, four levels are provided with differentnumeration symbols: Arabic numbers, bracketted latin letters, romannumbers and capital latin letters.

Good news is: it is very easy to change those symbols:

(i) roman numbers(ii) with brackets

1) arabic numbers2) with a single bracket

A.- capital latin lettersB.- with a dot and a dash

∀(x) →1 meaningless logical formula∀(x) →2 and an arabic number

Enumerating stuff

. . . enumeration not enumerating any more!

You can even make enumeration look like an itemized list:

- with dashes- and nothing else

% with percent symbols% if you fancy

with nothing at all(really, this is an enumeration too)

:-) with anything:-) that you want ;-)

Some examples

\usepackage{enumerate}

\begin{enumerate}[(i)]

\item roman numbers

\item with brackets

\end{enumerate}

\begin{enumerate}[]

\item with nothing at all

\item (really, this is an enumeration too)

\end{enumerate}\

\begin{enumerate}[:-)]

\item with anything

\item that you want ;-)

\end{enumerate}

Listing the lists Defining stuff

Defining stuff

The basic way. Notice the defined term is entered as an optionalargument to \item:

\begin{description}

\item[One] First item

\item[Two] Second item

\item[Three] Third item

\end{description}

Listing the lists Defining stuff

Defining stuff

It looks good, as in a dictionary:

One First itemTwo Second item

Three Third item

Floating elements

Outline

Floating elements

Why “floating”?

There are two basic types: figures and tables

They do not have a fixed placing in the page: LATEX decides where isbest to anchor them so they don’t interrupt the flow of the text

They are containers to elements that cannot be split or brokenbetween pages.

Additionally, they have a caption defining them, and they arenumbered (so they can be referred to easily in the text).

Floating elements

Why “floating”?

Floating elements

Why “floating”?

Floating elements

Why “floating”?

Floating elements Imagine images

Figures: an example

Figure: Not this kind of latex

Hands on: lets include an image

First of all, we must declare the graphicx package

\usepackage{graphicx}

Then, we prepare the figure environment

\begin{figure}[h]

\ldots

\end{figure}

Notice the [h] there?

\begin{figure}[h]

\ldots

\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]

\ldots

\end{figure}

Hands off! Placing floats

All floats take an optional argument: the place specifier.There are four possible values:

h → here

t → top

b → bottom

p → sepparate page just for floats

They can be forced by adding an exclamation mark ([h!])However, in the end, they are just a suggestion: LATEX has the final word

h → here

t → top

b → bottom

h → here

t → top

b → bottom

Hands on (again): lets include an image

Next step: tell LATEX what image we want to include, and how big itmust be

\begin{figure}[h]

\includegraphics[width=5cm]{images/image.png}

\end{figure}

Regarding size, we can tinker with

Image width → [width=Xcm]Image height → [height=Xcm]Scaling factor → [scale=1.5]Rotation angle (in degrees) → [angle=X]

\begin{figure}[h]

\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]

\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]

\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]

\end{figure}

Finally, we can add a caption to the image (either before or after theimage itself, within the environment)

\begin{figure}[h]

\caption{This image has served us as a tutorial.}

\end{figure}

Imagine not only images

Although this is not as common, the contents of the figure environmentcan be text. For instance:

Com evident experiencia mostra, la debilitat de la nostra memoria, sotsmetent facilmenta oblivio no solament los actes per longitud de temps envellits, mas encara los actes

frescs de nostres dies, es estat doncs molt condecent, util e expedient deduir en escrit lesgestes e histories antigues dels homens forts e virtuosos, com sien espills molt clars,exemples e virtuosa doctrina de nostra vida, segons recita aquell gran orador Tul·li.

Figura: A fragment of Tirant lo Blanc

Imagine not only images

Although this is not as common, the contents of the figure environmentcan be text. For instance:

Com evident experiencia mostra, la debilitat de la nostra memoria, sotsmetent facilmenta oblivio no solament los actes per longitud de temps envellits, mas encara los actes

frescs de nostres dies, es estat doncs molt condecent, util e expedient deduir en escrit lesgestes e histories antigues dels homens forts e virtuosos, com sien espills molt clars,exemples e virtuosa doctrina de nostra vida, segons recita aquell gran orador Tul·li.

Figura: A fragment of Tirant lo Blanc

Floating elements Why must there always be a table?

Ready? The tough part begins now...

...so take a deep breath.

The fun part begins now!

How a table looks like in the final .pdf...

JOHN MARY JAMES

Monday ironing cooking vacuum cleaning

Tuesday cooking dusting sweepingWednesday shopping

Thursday bathroom cleaning cooking

Friday rest

Table: This table is neat!

...and how it looks like in the .tex

\begin{table}[h!]

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}

\cline{2-4}

\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & JOHN & MARY & JAMES \\\hline

Monday & ironing & cooking & vacuum cleaning \\\hline

Tuesday & cooking & dusting & sweeping \\\cline{1-1}\cline{3-4}

Wednesday & & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{shopping}\\\hline

Thursday & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{bathroom cleaning} & cooking \\\hline

Friday & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{rest}\\\hline

\end{tabular}

\caption{This table is neat!}

\end{table}

Lets walk through it step by step

First, we prepare the table environment

\begin{table}[ht!]

\end{table}

\caption is optional

First, we prepare the table environment

\begin{table}[ht!]

\end{table}

\caption is optional

Next, we create the table with the tabular environment

\begin{table}[ht!]

\begin{tabular}{alignment}

\end{tabular}

\end{table}

Possible alignments are l (left), c (center) and r (right)

\begin{table}[ht!]

\begin{tabular}{alignment}

\end{tabular}

\end{table}

\begin{table}[ht!]

\begin{tabular}{rcl}

\end{tabular}

\end{table}

Finally, we add row after row of table

\begin{table}[ht!]

\begin{tabular}{rcl}

A & B & C \\

AA & BB & CC \\

AAA & BBB & CCC \\

AAAA & BBBB & CCCC \\

\end{tabular}

\end{table}

The ampersand (&) is the column divider, a linebreak (\\) finisheseach row.

Ok, run it!

if we run the previous code, we get...

A B CAA BB CC

AAA BBB CCCAAAA BBBB CCCC

Ok, run it!

if we run the previous code, we get...

A B CAA BB CC

AAA BBB CCCAAAA BBBB CCCC

Lets add lines

\begin{table}[ht!]

\begin{tabular}{|r|c|l|}

\hline

A & B & C \\ \hline

AA & BB & CC \\ \cline{1-2}

AAA & BBB & CCC \\ \cline{2-3}

AAAA & BBBB & CCCC \\ \hline

\end{tabular}

\end{table}

Lets add lines

AA BB CCAAA BBB CCC

AAAA BBBB CCCC

Another quick challenge

COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C

ROW 1 A1 B1 C1ROW 2 A2 B2 C2ROW 3 A3 B3 C3

Table: This table is a quick exercise

LaTeX tutorial II

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