A LaTeX Tutorial

7/25/2019 A LaTeX Tutorial

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20082012 Alpha Huang

Alpha Culture & Education

All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any

means, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a.

e author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this

book. ese efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories,technologies and programs to determine their effectiveness. e author and publisher

make no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regard to these techniques orprograms contained in this book. e author and publisher shall not be liable in any

event of incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the

furnishing, performance, or use of these techniques or programs.

Printed in the United States of America


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To: Anna and Bella


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xv

xvi

xviii

xx

1 1

1.1 . . . . . . . 11.1.1 21.1.2 . . . 4

1.1.3 TEX . . . 71.1.4 . . . . . 11

1.2 . . . . . . . 111.3 . . . . . . . 121.4 . . . . . . . 13

2 15

2.1 Hello, World! . . . . . 15

2.2 . . . . . . 162.2.1 . . . . . 162.2.2 . . . 16

2.2.3 . . . 172.3 . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.3.1 . . . 192.3.2

. . . . . 202.3.3

. . . . 212.4 . . . . . . . . . . 222.5 . . . . . . 22

2.5.1 . . . 22

2.5.2 23

2.5.3 . . . . 23

2.6 . . . . . . . 24

2.6.1 . . . . . 24

2.6.2 . . . 25

2.6.3 . . . . . 25

2.6.4 . . . . . 26

2.6.5 . . . . . 26

2.7 . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.7.1 . . . 27

2.7.2 . . . 27

2.7.3 . . . 28

2.8 . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.8.1 . . . 29

2.8.2 . . . 29

2.8.3 . . . 30

2.9 . . . . . . . 30

3 33

3.1 . . . . 33

3.2 . . . . . . . 35

3.2.1 . . . . . 35

3.2.2 35

3.2.3 . . . 36

3.3 . . . . . . . 37

3.4 . . . . . . 37

3.4.1 . . . 37

3.4.2 XeTeX . . . . . 38

3.5 . . . . 39

v


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4 43

4.1 . . . . . . . 434.2 . . . . . . . 44

4.2.1 . . . 444.2.2 454.2.3 . . . . . 454.2.4 . . . . 454.2.5 . . . . . 474.2.6 . 474.2.7 . . . . 484.2.8 . . . . 494.2.9 . . . 49

4.3 . . . . . . . . . . 494.4 . . . . . . . 50

4.4.1 . . . . 504.4.2 . . . . 514.4.3 . . . 51

4.5 . . . . . . 514.6 . . . . . . . 53

5 55

5.1 . . . . . . . 555.1.1 . . . 55

5.1.2 Driver 565.1.3 . . . 575.1.4

. . . . . 615.2 . . . . . . . 63

5.2.1 . . . . 635.2.2 . . . 645.2.3 . . . 645.2.4 665.2.5 gure . . 675.2.6 67

5.3 . . . . . . . 705.3.1 . . . 705.3.2 73

6 Metapost 75

6.1 . . . . . . . 756.2 . . . . 76

6.2.1 . . . 766.2.2 . 776.2.3 . . . . . 77

6.3 . . . . . . . 78

6.3.1 . . . . . 786.3.2 . . . . . 786.3.3 . 78

6.4 . . . . . . . 796.5 . . . . . . . . . . 806.6 . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.6.1 . . . . . 82

6.6.2 . . . 836.6.3 . . . . . 83

7 PSTricks 857.1 . . . . . . . 857.2 . . . . 87

7.2.1 . . . 877.2.2 877.2.3

. 887.2.4 . . . . . 887.2.5 89

7.3 . . . . . . . 907.3.1 . 90

7.3.2 . . . . . 907.3.3 . 907.3.4 . . . 91

7.4 . . . . . . . 917.5 . . . . . . . . . . 92

8 PGF 95

8.1 . . . . . . . 958.2 . . . . 96

8.2.1 . 968.2.2 97

8.2.3 . . . . . 978.2.4 . . . . . 98

8.3 . . . . . . . 988.3.1 . . . . . 988.3.2 . 988.3.3 . 998.3.4 . 998.3.5 . . . . . 99

8.4 . . . . . . . 1008.5 . . . . . . . . 101


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8.5.1 . . . . . 101

8.5.2 . . . . 1018.5.3 . . . . . . . 1028.5.4

. . . . . 1028.6 . . . . . . . . . . 104

8.6.1 . . . 1048.6.2 . . . . 104

9 107

9.1 . . . . . . . 1079.2 . . . . . . . 108

9.3 . . . . . . . 1109.4 . . . . . . . 1119.5 . . . . . . . . 1129.6 . . . . . . . . 1149.7 . . . . . . . 117

10 121

10.1 . . . . . . . . 12110.2 . . . . . . . . . . 12210.3 . . . . . . . . . . 12210.4 . . . . . . . 124

10.4.1thebibliography12410.4.2 BibTeX . . . . 125

10.4.3 Natbib. . . . . 128

10.5 . . . . . . . . . . 12910.6 . . . . . . . . 13010.7 . . . . . . . . 131

11 133

11.1 . . . . . . . 13311.1.1 . . . 13311.1.2 . . . 134

11.1.3 . . . 13511.2 . . . . . . . 137

11.3 . . . . . . . . . . 141

11.4 . . . . . . . . . . 143

12 14512.1 . . . . . . . . . . 14512.2 . . . . . . . . . . 14512.3 . . . . . . . . . . 14512.4 . . . . . . . . . . 14512.5 . . . . . . . . . . 145

A 147

B 149

B.1 . . . . . . . 149B.1.1 . . . 150B.1.2 . . . 152B.1.3 . . . 153B.1.4 . . . 154

B.2 . . . . . . . 155B.2.1 . . . 155B.2.2 . . . 155B.2.3 . . . 156

B.3 . . . . . . . 157B.3.1 . 158B.3.2 . 158B.3.3 159B.3.4 . 160B.3.5 . . . . 160

B.4 . . . . . . . 160

162

163

164

. . . . . . . . . . 165 . . . . . . . 168


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2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.13 RGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.14 CMYK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

10.1 BTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12710.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

B.1 868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151B.2 Gutenberg Bible, letterpress, 1455 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151B.3 St. Christopher, engraving by Drer, 1521. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

B.4 Woman in Cafe, drypoint by Lesser Ury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

B.5 e Soldier and his Wife, etching by Hopfer, 1500 . . . . . . . . . 153B.6 Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, mezzotint . . . . . . 153

B.7 Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, etching, aquatint, and drypoint

by Goya, 1799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154B.8 e Bath, drypoint and aquatint by Cassatt, 1890 . . . . . . . . . . 154

viii


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1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.1 label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.2 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

7.1 PSTricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.2 rput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.3 uput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

ix


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11.1 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

A.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147


13/197

2.1 Hello, Wolrd! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.16mbox fbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.17makebox framebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.18parbox minipage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.1 X ELATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.2 xeCJK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

xi


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xii

4.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.1 ImageMagick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.2 ImageMagick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.6 figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

6.1 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.2 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.3 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786.4 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.5 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.6 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.7 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.8 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.9 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.10 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836.11 METAPOST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

7.1 pst-pdf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.2 preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.3 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.4 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.5 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.6 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.7 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.8 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.9 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.10 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90


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7.11 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

7.12 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.13 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.14 PStricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.1 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.2 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.3 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.4 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.5 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.6 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.7 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.8 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

8.9 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008.10 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008.11 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008.12 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.13 PGFbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.14 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.15 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.16 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.17 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.18 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048.19 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

8.20 PGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11810.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

10.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12410.5thebibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12410.6 BTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12610.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12810.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12910.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12910.10hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13010.11url href . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130


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xiv

10.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

10.13hyperref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13211.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13811.2headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13911.3myheadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13911.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14011.5fancyhdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14011.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14111.7multicol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14211.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142


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LXJX

xv


18/197

lnotes LATEX

lnotes

1. 2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

LATEX X ETEX

X ETEX

xvi


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xvii

5.

6.

7. METAPOST, PSTricks, PGF

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. A

13. B

14.

1.

2.

MIT, IBM, ISO

3.

4.

5. LATEX


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1

LATEX 2002

2 Microsoft Word Visio

Linux LATEX

2005 lshort LATEX

HTMLJavaFrontPageDreamweaverJBuilder

LATEX

Word Word

Word

EndNote

LATEX

LATEX

LATEX

1

2

xviii
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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xix

LATEX

3

4

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]://-/?-http://-/?-


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5

TV TV

CCTV

BBS TEX CTEX

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

hkkhhk

Hongdong Ji

[email protected]

[email protected]

Kov Chai

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Xiao Zigang

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

4.806Jonny BBS Leeward

52010 3 12 6166.111.4.80 FTP

xx
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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xxi

LATEX


24/197


25/197

1.1

(raster image processor, RIP) RIP

B

RIP (page description

language, PDL)

RIP RIP 1976

(Monotype Corp.) Lasercomp RIP

RIP PostScript (PS)

RIP 1985 LaserWriter RIP 1986

Ghostscript

1


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2 :

(markup language)

TEX

1.1

TEX

1.1:

PDL RIP troff PS RIP

SGML PDF RIP TEX DVI RIP

1.1.1

PostScript

1969

1975 Robert F. Sproull 1 Press

Xerox Star () Press

InterPress

1976 (Evans & Sutherland) John E. Warnock

(1940) 2 PostScript1978

David C. Evans (19241998) 3 Ivan E.

Sutherland (1938) 4 Warnock

11967 1970 1977

Sun2 1961 1964 1969 3 1949 1953 (Bendix Corp.) 1962

1965 41959 1960 1963 MIT

1963 (National Security Agency, NSA) 1964
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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1.1: 3

1980 Sutherland

Sproull (Sutherland, Sproulland Associates) 1990 Sun Sun

Warnock Martin NewellJaM (John

and Martin) InterPress

MaJ

1982 Warnock Charles M. Geschke (1939)5

AdobeNewell Adobe InterPress

1984 Adobe PostScript (Steve Jobs, 1955)

PS LaserWriter Adobe 1991 1997 PostScript 2

PostScript 3 PostScript 1980 Adobe

PS

1990 PostScript

PS PostScript

PDF

1993 Adobe portable document format (PDF)

2008 ISO 32000PDF PostScript

PDF PostScript

PDF

PDF

PDF

PDF

Acrobat Adobe Acrobat Reader ( AdobeReader) PDF PostScript

(Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDARPA) 1966

1968 Sproull 1968

Evans 1974 1988 (Turing Award)

1998 (IEEE John von Neumann Medal) 5 (Xavier University) 1962 1963 1972
http://-/?-


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4 :

(Epson standard code for printers, ESC/P)

(printer command language, PCL)

(HP graphics language, HPGL)

TEX (device independent le format, DVI)

1.1.3

XML (XML paper specication, XPS) 2009 XPS Open XPS (European Computer

Manufacturers Association) ECMA

1.1.2

troff

1964 MIT Jerome H. Saltzer (1939) 6

compatible time-sharing system (CTSS)

RUNOFF

Robert H. Morris7 RUNOFF GE 635

roff1969 Malcolm D. McIlroy (1932) 8 roff BCPL

DEC PDP-7

1971 Unix PDP-11

AT&T

Joseph F. Ossanna (19281977) 9 roff nroff

(Wang Laboratories) WANG Graphic Systems CAT

Ossanna nroff PDP-11 troff6MIT 1961 1963 1966 1995

7 1957 1958 1960 1986 NSA

NSA1995 Unix1988

Robert T. Morris (1965) MIT

400 81954 1959 MIT 1958

1997 91952 (Wayne State Univesrity)


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1.1: 5

C Ossanna

C 7000 CAT 21 Ossanna

49

Brian W. Kernighan (1942) 10

troff ditroffA Typesetter-

independent TROFF

troff

Unix troff

1990 Unix Novell

troff

Sun Bill N. Joy (1954) 11 GNU groff

troff Unix

LATEX

SGML

1969 IBM Charles F. Goldfarb 12 Edward Mosher, Raymond

Lorie (generalized markup language, GML) GML

GML

(prole)

1978 Goldfarb GML1986 (stan-

dard generalized markup language, SGML) ISO 8879SGML

101964 1969 2000

1977 Alfred V. Aho (1941) , Peter J. WeinbergerAWK

1978 C Dennis M. Ritchie (1941) e C Programming Language

1990 Robert Fourer, David M. GayAMPL 111975 1979 vi C Shell

(csh) BSD Unix (Network File System, NFS) 121960 1964 1967

IBM IBM
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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6 :

SGML

1989 (European Organization for Nuclear Research,

CERN) Tim J. Berners-Lee (1955) 13 (HyperText

Markup Language, HTML) HTML

SGML Berners-Lee (world wide web) 1994

Berners-Lee DARPA MIT

(World Wide Web Consortium, W3C)

1993 HTML (Internet Engineering Task Force,

IETF) 1995 IETF HTML 2.01997 HTML 3.2

W3C 4.0 4.01

HTML

1990 1998 W3C

SGML (Extensible Markup Language, XML)

2004 XML 1.1

XML

1998 W3C (mathematical markup

language, MathML) 2003 MathML 2.0

1991 (Hal Computer Systems) (OReilly Media) DocBook SGML

XML 2009 5.0

HTML, PDF, CHM 14

Scribe

1980 Brian K. Reid (1949) 15

Scribe: A Document Specication Language and its Compiler1981 Reid

Goldfarb Goldfarb Scribe SGML

131976 1980 CERN 1984 2004

14Compiled HTML Help HTML 151970 1980 1987

DEC1999 2001 2002

Google2004 Google (IPO) too old IPO

1000
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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1.1: 7

Reid Scribe Michael I. Shamos (1947) 16

(Unilogic) Shamos Scribe Richard M. Stallman (1953) 17

Scribe

1.1.3 TEX

SGML

troff SGML

PDL

DocBook Scribe

AMSSIAM TUG

TEX Donald E. Knuth (1938)181962 Knuth

12 Knuth

1965 3000

2000

e Art of Computer Programming 19

161968 1970 (Vassar College) 1972

(American University) 1973, 74 1978

1981 (Duquesne University) 1975

2001 171971 Math 55

(1955) 1974

MIT 1970 Emacs, 1983

GNU1985 (Free Software Foundation, FSF)181960

X1963 1968 1974

1992 1995 19Fundamental Algorithms,Seminumerical Algorithms,Sorting and Searching

Combinatorial Algorithms Syntactic Algorithms 2015

eory of Context-free Languages Compiler Techniques


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8 :

1976 Knuth

Knuth

TEX

1978 TEXKnuth 1982

1989 TEX 3.0 7 8 Knuth

TEX

2008 3.1415926 METAFONT

e 2.718281Knuth TEX METAFONT

Knuth

1970

GOTO Knuth

GOTO

Knuth

(literate programming)

Nobel Zhuangbility Prize

1981 Knuth WEB

Pascal TEX1987 Silvio Levy

(1959) 20 CWEB C

TEX (engine)

TEX

300 (primitive)

201979 (IMPA) 1985

1986 1988 1995 (19112004)

(Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, MSRI)
http://-/?-


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1.1: 9

Knuth (format) TEX

Plain TEX 600

1980 (Stanford Research Institute, SRI) Leslie

Lamport (1941)21 LATEX1992 LATEX 2.09

Lamport Frank Mittelbach 22

1994 LATEX 2LATEX 3

LATEX (package) (American Mathematical SocietyAMS) TEX

Michael D. Spivak (1940) 23 Plain TEX AMS-TEX (19831985) AMS LATEX

Mittelbach Rainer Schpf24 new font selection

scheme for LATEX(NFSS) AMS AMSFonts

LATEX 1989 AMS-LATEX AMS-LATEX A

MS

Knuth TEX (Xerox graphic printer,

XGP) PDP-6 1979 David R.

Fuchs25 TEX DVI

DVI

(driver)

PostScript PDF

211960 MIT (Brandeis University) 1963 1972

1970 (Massachusetts Computer Associates, MCA) 1977

SRI1985 DEC2001 22 (Johannes-Gutenberg University) 1989

(Electronic Data Systems, EDS) 231964 24LATEX3 251978 Knuth

TEXAdobe Red Diaper Baby

Haiku Tunnel
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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10 :

1985 Tomas Rokicki 26 Funch Knuth

dvips DVI PostScript TeX (TeXUsers Group, TUG) Karl Berry27

1996 (Institute for High Energy Physics)

Sergey Lesenkodvipdf DVI PDF (Ket-

tering University) Mark A. Wicks dvipdfm

2001 dvipdfm

(Shunsaku Hirata) (Jin-Hwan Cho, 1968)28 dvipdfm-jpn dvipdfm-kor2002

dvipdfmx

1990 Knuth Ji Zlatuka (1957) 29 Philip Taylor (1947)30

TEX Knuth TEX1992

new typesetting

system (NTS) Karel Skoup

TEXJava

-TEX TEX 256 32768

1994 Zlatuka Hn Th Thnh (1972) 31 TEX

PDF pdfTeX1996 Knuth

HnTEX

261985 1999

271980 Stallman FSF

(Interleaf) (Intuit) 2003 TUG 281999 2001 2004

29 (Masaryk University) 3016 (General Post Office, GPO) 1970

(Molins Tobacco Machinery) 1972 1997

(Royal Holloway) TeX311991 1996 2001

(Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy) 2006 (River

Valley Technologies)
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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Hn pdfTeX2009

pdfTeXLuaTEX LuaTEX

TEX pdfTeX2004 Jonathan Kew32

X ETEX Unicode AAT Mac OS X

2005 OpenType 2006 Linux Microsoft

Windows2007 TeX Live 2007 MikTeX 2.7

X ETEXExtended DVI (xdv)

xdv PDF

PDFxdv

xdvX ETEX xdvipdfmx

dvipdfmx Mac OS X xdv2pdf

1990 Hans Hagen 33 ConTEXt

TEX, pdfTeX, LuaTEX

LATEXConTEXt

LATEXConTEXt LATEXConTEXt

LATEXConTEXt

1.1.4

TEX

TEX

X ETEX LA

TEX

1.2

TEX

(WYSIWYG)

321985 SIL331986 (Pragma) NTS, pdfTeX, LuaTEX
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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12 :

WordWord (eld code)

TEX

(parse)

TEX

TEX

HTMLXML

2000 Lamport

TEX 34Dark Side

35

1.3

(utilities) TEX

(distribution) (implementation)

Java Linux SunIBMBEA 36

34TEX

Knuth 35361995 Sun BEA2008 Oracle2009 Oracle

Sun
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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1.4: 13

JavaJava Linux Red Hat/Fedora

UbuntuSUSE TEX

TEX 1.2 TEX

1.2: TEX

TeX Live TeXworks

Windows MikTeX TeXstudioMac OS MacTeX TeXShop

Emacs Vim

PSPadTeXstudio TeXnicCenter

Eclipse TeXlipse Eclipse

1.4

Tobias Oetiker (1969) 37 lshort[1] LATEX

Mittelbach LATEXCompanion[2]

Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) TUG

TeX Catalogue TeX

(UK TUG) TeX Frequently Asked Questions

LATEX[3]lshort (1975)

38 39 TEX BBS TeXCTeX

CTeX FAQ[4]

whatwhyhow

37 (Kantonsschule Olten) (Swiss Federal Institute of Tech-

nology Zurich) 1995 381997 2002

2007 39
http://bbs.ctex.org/http://www.smth.org/bbsdoc.php?board=TeXhttp://-/?-http://-/?-http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.htmlhttp://www.tug.org/http://www.ctan.org/http://-/?-


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Chris Rowley. e LaTeX Companion (Tools and Techniques for Computer Type-

setting). Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 2004. URLhttp://www.amazon.com/

dp/0201362996/.

[3] . LaTeX, 2004. URLhttp://edt1023.sayya.org/tex/

latex123/.

[4] TeX. CTeX, 2005. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/

tex-archive/info/ctex-faq/.
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2.1 Hello, World!

%hello_world.tex

2 \documentclass{article}\begin{document}

4 Hello, World!\end{document}

2.1: Hello, Wolrd!

2.1 hello_world.tex

LATEX xelatex PDF

LATEX .tex

xelatex hello_world(.tex)

.log ! LaTeX Error:

2 ...

! Emergency stop.

4 ...

No pages of output.

6 Transcript written on hello_world.log.

15


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Output written on hello_world.pdf (1 page).

Transcript written on hello_world.log.

TEX

plain TEX

texpdftexxetex TEX, pdfTeX, X ETEX LATEX

latex, pdflatex, xelatex 1

2.1

.tex .pdf

.ps.dvilat

ex

dvipsdvipdfmx ps2pdf

xelatex

pdflatex

2.1:

2.2

2.2.1

LATEX (command)

(comment) (environment) \

%

2.1

2.2.2

LATEX

(preamble)

1 pdfTeX latex pdfTeX

TEX
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2.2: 17

\documentclass[options]{class} %

\usepackage[options]{package} %

...

\begin{document} %

...

\end{document}

(documentclass) articlereportbook

2.1

2.1:

10pt, 11pt, 12pt 10ptLATEX

letterpaper, a4paper letterpapernotitlepage, titlepage article notitlepage

report book titlepage

onecolumn, twocolumn oneside, twoside article report book

landscape openany, openright report book report

openanybook openrightdraft draft

LATEX

C/C++ includeJava import

2.2.3

\maketitle


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\title{LaTeX Notes}

\author{Alpha Huang}

\date{\today}

\maketitle

article report book

\begin{abstract}

...

\end{abstract}

LATEX

article chapter report book

\part{...} % L ev e l - 1

2 \chapter{...} % L ev e l 0 \section{...} % L ev e l 1

4 \subsection{...} % L ev e l 2 \subsubsection{...} % L ev e l 3

6 \paragraph{...} % L ev e l 4\subparagraph{...} % L ev e l 5

2.2:

\tableofcontents

2 subsection

\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} %

\tableofcontents %

LA

TEX

2.2

\chapter*{...}

\section*{...}

\subsection*{...}

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2.3: 19

\listoffigures

\listoftables

2.3

2.3.1

( # $ % & _ { } ) \ \

\textbackslash \\ 2

\# \$ \^ \& \_ \{ \} \~ \textbackslash\%

2.2 \XeTeX

\XeLaTeX metalogo \MF\MP mflogo \AmS

texnames 2.3 Scott

Pakin 3 [1]

LATEX (hypen) (en-dash) (em-dash)

2 C \n TEX Pascal3UIUC 1995 2001 (Los Alamos

National Laboratory)
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2.2:

\textcopyright January 17, 2012 \today

\textregistered TEX \TeX \texttrademark LATEX \LaTeX \textyen LATEX 2 \LaTeXe

\texteuro X ETEX \XeTeX

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\P METAPOST \MP

\S AMS \AmS

2.3:

A \.{A} \"{A} \={A} \`{A} \'{A} \^{A} \v{A} \~{A} \d{A} A \b{A} \r{A} A \textcircled{A}

2.3.2

(roman, serif) (sans

serif) 4 (monospace, typewriter)

(bold) (italic) (oblique, slanted)

(small caps) TEX

(medium weight)

2.4

LATEX \emph

\underline

ulem

ulem \emph

\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}

4Sans
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2.3: 21

computer-aided\\

1840--2010\\to be---or not to be\\

$1-1=0$

computer-aided

18402010to beor not to be

1 1 = 0

2.3:

2.4:

roman \textrm{...} bold face \textbf{...}

sans serif \textsf{...} medium weight \textmd{...}

typewriter \texttt{...} italic \textit{...}S C \textsc{...} slanted \textsl{...}

LATEX

2.5

10pt11pt12pt tiny 5pt6pt6pt

2.5:

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sample \tiny 5pt 6pt 6ptsample \scriptsize 7pt 8pt 8pt

sample \footnotesize 8pt 9pt 10pt

sample \small 9pt 10pt 11pt

sample \normalsize 10pt 11pt 12pt

sample \large 12pt 12pt 14ptsample \Large 14pt 14pt 17ptsample \LARGE 17pt 17pt 20ptsample \huge 20pt 20pt 25ptsample \Huge 25pt 25pt 25pt

2.3.3

LATEX \\ \newline

\newpage

LATEX (hyphenate)

BASIC


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\emph{emphasis}\\

\uline{underline}\\\uwave{waveline}\\

\sout{strike-out}

emphasis

underline

waveline

strike-out

2.4:

blar-blar-blar -

\hyphenation{BASIC blar-blar-blar}

2.4

LATEX

2.6 point big point

Adobe PostScript em

11pt 1em 11ptex mu

2.6:

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M

cm bp big point, 1/72 in ex xmm pc pica, 12 pt mu math unit1/18 em

LATEX

\setlength{} %

\addtolength{} %

\newlength{} %

2.5

2.5.1

LATEX (fully justied)

(\raggedright,\centering,

\raggedleft)


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2.5: 23

\begin{flushleft}

\\\end{flushleft}

\begin{flushright}

\\\end{flushright}

\begin{center}

\\\end{center}

2.5:

2.5.2

LATEX identfirst

\parindent

\parskip

\usepackage{identfirst}

...

\setlength{\parindent}{2em}

\addtolength{\parskip}{3pt}

2.5.3

LATEX

\linespread

\linespread{1.3} %

\linespread{1.6} %

\linespread

setspace

2.6

setspace

singlespacing, onehalfspacing, doublespacing, spacing

2.7


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\usepackage{setspace}

...\singlespacing %\onehalfspacing %\doublespacing %\setstretch{1.25} %

2.6:

\begin{doublespacing}

double\\spacing

\end{doublespacing}

double

spacing

\begin{spacing}{1.25}

any\\spacing

\end{spacing}

any

spacing

2.7:

2.6

2.6.1

LATEXquotequotationversequote

quotation quote verse quote

\begin{quote}

\\\end{quote}

\begin{quotation}\end{quotation}

\begin{verse}

\end{verse}

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2.6.2

\verb verbatim

\verb|command| 2 \begin{verbatim}

printf("Hello, world!");

4 \end{verbatim}\begin{verbatim*}

6 printf("Hello, world!");

\end{verbatim*}

command

printf("Hello, world!");

printf("Hello,world!");

2.9:

Timothy van Zandt 5 fancyvrb [2] Brooks Moses 6

listings [3]

2.6.3

\footnote 2.10 footnote (counter)

( 2.7) \thefootnote

\footnote{}a

a

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\roman{footnote}} % i, ii , i ii

2.10:

\thecounter

\texttt

fancyvrb \VerbatimFootnotes

5 1985 1989 1990 1998

61997 2007

(CodeSourcery)
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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2.7:

\arabic{counter} 1, 2, 3 \alph{counter} a, b, c \Alph{counter} A, B, C \roman{counter} i, ii, iii \Roman{counter} I, II, III

\footnote

2.6.4

\marginpar

\reversemarginpar \normalmarginpar

\marginpar (oat) 7

marginnote \marginnote

\marginnote{}\reversemarginpar

\marginnote{}\normalmarginpar

2.11:

2.6.5

8 verbatim comment

\begin{comment}

...

\end{comment}

78 TeXNicCenter
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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2.7

2.7.1

LATEX

\begin{itemize}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{itemize}

C++

Java

HTML

(a)

\begin{enumerate}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{enumerate}

1. C++

2. Java

3. HTML

(b)

\begin{description}

2 \item[C++] \item[Java]

4 \item[HTML] \end{description}

C++

Java

HTML

(c)

2.12:

2.7.2

Bernd Schandl 9

paralist

91997 (Kaiserslautern University of Technology) 1999
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\begin{compactitem}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{compactitem}

C++ Java HTML

\begin{compactenum}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{compactenum}

1. C++2. Java

3. HTML

\begin{compactdesc}2 \item[C++]

\item[Java] 4 \item[HTML]

\end{compactdesc}

C++ Java HTML

2.13:

\begin{inparaitem}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{inparaitem}

C++ Java HTML

\begin{inparaenum}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{inparaenum}

1. C++ 2. Java 3. HTML

\begin{inparadesc}

2 \item[C++] \item[Java]

4 \item[HTML] \end{inparadesc}

C++ Java

HTML

2.14:

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2.8: 29

\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{-}

\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\alph{enumi}}

\begin{itemize}

2 \itemC++\itemJava

4 \itemHTML\end{itemize}

- C++

- Java

- HTML

\begin{enumerate}

2 \itemC++

\itemJava4 \itemHTML

\end{enumerate}

a. C++

b. Java

c. HTML

2.15:

2.8

LATEX ()

(box) HTML CSS

2.8.1

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2.16:mbox fbox

2.8.2

\makebox \framebox

() clr

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%[][]{}

\makebox[100pt][c]{}\framebox[100pt][s]{}

2.17:makebox framebox

2.8.3

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[][][]{}{}

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4 }%

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6 \hfill

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10 \end{minipage}%

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2.18:parbox minipage

2.9

LATEX

() (cross reference)

2.19 marker


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31

\label{marker}

...\pageref{marker}\ref{marker}

... 30 2.9

2.19:

LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.

LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to getcross-references right.

[1] Scott Pakin. e Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List, 2008. URLhttp://www.

ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/ .

[2] Timothy van Zandt.Fancy Verbatims in LaTeX, 2008. URL http://www.ctan.

org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyvrb/ .

[3] Carsten Heinz and Brooks Moses.e listings Package, 2007. URL http://www.

ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/ .
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyvrb/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyvrb/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/


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typeface font typeface font

1. ()

(character set) (character encoding)

2. (glyph)

3.

Microsoft Word

HTML

LATEX

LATEXKnuth TEX Unicode

UTF-8 TrueType OpenType

X ETEX

3.1

1963 ANSI ASCII

7 (bit) 27 = 128

8 (byte)

28 = 256

33


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34 :

ISO 1980 ISO 8859256

8859 8859-1 () 8859-2 () 8859-16 ()

ISO IBM

(code page) 437 ( ASCII) 850 () 852 (

) IBM (console) MS-DOS Unix

Shell

IBM OEM ANSI

1252 () 1250 () 936 (GBK) 950 (Big5) 932 (SJIS ) 949 (EUC-KR)

1981 GB2312

9494 7445 GB2312 EUC-CN

GB2312 GB2312

HZ

GB2312 1993 GBK

21886 GBK2000 GB18030 70244

GB18030 GB13000

1990 ISO (universal character setUCS) ISO

10646

UCS UCS-2 UCS-4

ISO (e Unicode Consor-

tium) 1991 Unicode 1.0

Unicode 2.0

ISO 10646-1

Unicode UTF-8UTF-16UTF-32UTF-8

8 UTF-16 16 UCS-2

ASCII UTF-32 32 UCS-4

IETF UTF-8 (Internet

Mail ConsortiumIMC) UTF-8


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3.2: 35

3.2

3.2.1

(bitmap) (out-

line) (stroke-based)

(Bzier curves) (

) (font

hinting)

3.2.2

Type 1TrueTypeOpenType

1984 Adobe PostScript Type 1

Type 3Type 1

PostScript Type 3 PostScript

1991 Apple TrueType

TrueType Type 1

1994 Apple TrueType TrueType GXApple advanced typography (AAT)

1996 Adobe OpenType Type 1

TrueType TrueType

AAT

1984 Knuth METAFONT TrueType OpenType


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36 :

METAFONTMETAFONT Knuth

60

Type 1 Type 3 (metrics) (glyph)

AFM (Adobe font metrics) PFM (printer font metrics)

PFA (printer font ASCII) PFB (printer font binary) LATEX

TFM (TeX font metrics)

TrueType OpenType

.ttf.otfMETAFONTPK (packed raster)

OpenTypeTrue-

TypeType 1Type 3PK OpenType TrueType

PostScript Type 1 Type 3 PDF

TrueType OpenType

3.2.3

Adobe Type 1 Type 3

Type 1 Type 3

Apple TrueType1991 TrueType Adobe

Type 1

1980 Adobe PostScript

Apple PostScript

TrueImage AppleApple TrueType

AAT Apple

Adobe 1996 OpenTypeAdobe 2002

OpenType


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3.3: 37

3.3

2.3.2

3.1 TEX Knuth

METAFONT Computer ModernX ETEX 1997 AMS Latin Modern Computer Modern

Type 1 OpenType

3.1:

Windows

Times New Roman Tahoma Courier New

Georgia Verdana Lucida ConsolePalatino Linotype Arial Consolas

Mac OS

Times Helvetica Monaco

Georgia Lucida Grande CourierTimes New Roman Geneva Courier New

3.4

TFMTEX

TEX METAFONTLATEX 2 NFSS

Type 1 Type 3 LATEX X ETEX

TrueType OpenType Unicode

latexpdflatexxelatex dvips dvipdfmx DVI

X ELATEX

3.4.1

latexDVI

latex DVI TFM DVI

DVI DVI PK

.pk METAFONT


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dvips

dvips .pk METAFONT

PK Type 3 -D

ps2pdf Type 3 PostScript

Type 3 PDF

GSview Type 3Adobe Reader Acrobat

Adobe Type Manager PostScript

Type 3 Type 3 PDF

dvips -Ppdf Type 1 PostScript

ps2pdf Type 1 PDF

dvips (native) TrueType TrueType PK

Type 1

dvips [1]

dvipdfm(x) pdatex

dvipdfm PK Type 1 t1fonts.map PK

Type 1 PDF Type 1dvipdfm

TrueTypedvipdfmx TrueType

lnotes [2]

pdatex Type 1TrueType OpenType

[3]

3.4.2 XeTeX

X ETEX TFM

X ETEX XML MikTeXlocalfonts.confTeXlive fonts.conf

fc-list myfonts.txt

fc-list > myfonts.txt

X ETEX


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(cache)

fc-cache

fc-cache -r

fc-list fc-cache

Michel Goossens (1951)1 XeTeX Companion [4]

X ETEX Will Robertson (1981) 2

fontspec X ELATEX

fontspec [5]

\usepackage{fontspec}\setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text]{Times New Roman}

\setsansfont[Mapping=tex-text]{Tahoma}

\setmonofont{Courier New}

3.1: X ELATEX

3.1

2.3.1 2.3 -- ---

TEXX ETEX 3.1

Mapping TEX

3.5

LATEX3 CCT Werner Lem-

berg (1968) 4 CJK CCT CJK CCT

CJK

LATEX CTeX5 ChinaTeX

1 (Free University of Brussels) 1972 1978 1979

CERN LaTeX CompanionLaTeX Graphics CompanionLaTeX Web Companion

TUG 2 (University of Adelaide) 80 34 (University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna)

5 1997 2003 2003 2005

2007 (Distance University of Hagen) 2008

(University of Konstanz)
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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40 :

(1952) 6 7 cwTeX

8 PUTeX MikTeXCCTCJKWinEdt

X ETEX (1970)9 xeCJK

CCT

CJK

3.2 CJKchecksingle

CJKnumber CJKnumber

\CJKnumber

\setCJKmainfont BoldFont

ItalicFont \setCJKsansfont

\setCJKmonofont

\usepackage[CJKaddspaces,CJKchecksingle,CJKnumber]{xeCJK}

2 \setCJKmainfont[BoldFont={Adobe Heiti Std},ItalicFont={Adobe Kaiti Std}]{Adobe Song Std}

4 \setCJKsansfont{Adobe Heiti Std}\setCJKmonofont{Adobe Fangsong Std}

6 \punctstyle{hangmobanjiao}

3.2: xeCJK

3.1 3.2

xeCJK[6]Yin Dian zhspacing

[7]

[1] Tomas Rokicki.Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript Translator, 2005. URL http://www.

tug.org/dvips/.

6789 1993 1998 2000

2002
http://www.tug.org/dvips/http://www.tug.org/dvips/http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-


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41

[2] . LaTeX Notes, 2008. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/

info/latex-notes-zh-cn/.

[3] nh Hn, Sebastian Rahtz, Hans Hagen, Hartmut Henkel, Pawe Jack-

owski, and Martin Schrder. e pdfTeX User Manual, 2007. URLhttp:

//www.tug.org/applications/pdftex/ .

[4] Michel Goossens.e XeTeX Companion, 2010. URLhttp://xml.web.cern.

ch/XML/lgc2/xetexmain.pdf .

[5] Will Robertson. e fontspec Package, 2008. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/

tex-archive/macros/xetex/latex/fontspec/ .

[6] . xeCJK, 2009. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/

macros/xetex/latex/xecjk/.

[7] Dian Yin. Typesetting Chinese in XeTeX: zhspacing Users Manual, 2007. URL

http://code.google.com/p/zhspacing/ .
http://code.google.com/p/zhspacing/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/xetex/latex/xecjk/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/xetex/latex/xecjk/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/xetex/latex/fontspec/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/xetex/latex/fontspec/http://xml.web.cern.ch/XML/lgc2/xetexmain.pdfhttp://xml.web.cern.ch/XML/lgc2/xetexmain.pdfhttp://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex/http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-notes-zh-cn/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-notes-zh-cn/


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3x+ 2y+z = 39

2x+ 3y+z = 34

x+ 2y+ 3z= 26

AMS-LATEX amsmath [1]

George Grtzer 1 More Math into LATEX[2]

\usepackage{amsmath}

4.1

LATEX (inline) (display)

4.1

$...$

\[...\] $$...$$ AMS-LATEXamsmath equation ( 4.4.1 )

1 (Etvs Lornd University) 1960

(University of Manitoba) John von Neumann

43
http://-/?-


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4.1:

TEX LATEX LATEX amsmath

$...$ $...$ math $$...$$ \[...\] displaymath equation* equation equation

2.8 \fbox

\boxed

Einstein's $E=mc^2$2 \[ E=mc^2 \]\[ \boxed{E=mc^2} \]

4 \begin{equation}E=mc^2

6 \end{equation}

EinsteinsE= mc2

E= mc2

E= mc2

E= mc2 (4.1)

4.1:

4.2

4.2.1

4.2

4.2:

\alpha \theta o o \tau

\beta \vartheta \pi \upsilon

\gamma \iota \varpi \phi \delta \kappa \rho \varphi

\epsilon \lambda \varrho \chi

\varepsilon \mu \sigma \psi

\zeta \nu \varsigma \omega

\eta \xi

\Gamma \Lambda \Sigma \Psi \Delta \Xi \Upsilon \Omega \Theta \Pi \Phi


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4.2: 45

4.2.2

^ _ \sqrt

{}

\[ x_{ij}^2\quad\sqrt{x}\quad\sqrt[3]{x} \]

x2ij

x 3

x

4.2:

4.2.3

\frac

\dfrac \tfrac

$ \frac{1}{2} \dfrac{1}{2} $

\[ \frac{1}{2}

\tfrac{1}{2} \]

1

2

1

21

2

1

2

4.3:

4.2.4

+ - * / =

( 4.4) Scott Pakin [3]

\[ \pm\; \times\; \div\; \cdot\; \cap\; \cup\;

\geq\; \leq\; \neq\; \approx\; \equiv\]

=

4.4:

\sum \prod \lim \int

( 4.5)

\limits \nolimits


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46 :

$ \sum_{i=1}^n i\quad\prod_{i=1}^n\quad

2 \lim_{x\to0}x^2\quad\int_a^b x^2 dx $\\$ \sum\limits_{i=1}^n i\quad\prod\limits_{i=1}^n\quad

4 \lim\limits_{x\to0}x^2\quad\int\limits_a^b x^2 dx $\[ \sum_{i=1}^n i\quad\prod_{i=1}^n\quad

6 \lim_{x\to0}x^2\quad\int_a^b x^2 dx \]\[ \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n i\quad

8 \prod\nolimits_{i=1}^n\quad\lim\nolimits_{x\to0}x^2\quad

10 \int\nolimits_a^b x^2 dx \]

ni=1i

ni=1 limx0x

2

b

ax2dx

ni=1

in

i=1

limx0

x2b

a

x2dx

ni=1

i

ni=1

limx0

x2 b

a

x2dx

ni=1

in

i=1limx0x

2

ba

x2dx

4.5:

dx dx

4.6

\newcommand{\myd}{\;\mathrm{d}}

\[ \intx dx\quad\intx \myd x \]

xdx xdx 4.6:

\int

\iint \iiint \iiiint \idotsint 4.7


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4.2: 47

\[ \int\int\quad\int\int\int\quad

\int\int\int\int\quad\int\dots\int\]\[ \iint\quad\iiint\quad\iiiint\quad\idotsint \]

. . .

4.7:

4.2.5

4.3 \xleftarrow \xrightarrow

4.8

4.3:

\leftarrow \longleftarrow \rightarrow \longrightarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Leftarrow = \Longleftarrow

\Rightarrow = \Longrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow

\[ \xleftarrow{x+y+z}\quad

\xrightarrow[x


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48 :

4.5:

xxx \overline{xxx} xxx \overleftrightarrow{xxx}xxx \underline{xxx} xxx \underleftrightarrow{xxx}xxx \overleftarrow{xxx} xxx \overbrace{xxx}xxx \underleftarrow{xxx} xxx \underbrace{xxx}xxx \overrightarrow{xxx} xxx \widehat{xxx}xxx \underrightarrow{xxx} xxx \widetilde{xxx}

4.2.7

() [] \{\} \langle\rangle

\

LATEX |\| amsmath \lvert\rvert

\lVert\rVert

\big \Big \bigg \Bigg

LATEX \left \right

amsmath

\[ \Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((x)\big)\Big)\bigg)\ Bigg)\quad

2 \Bigg[\bigg[\Big[\big[[x]\big]\Big]\bigg]\Bigg]\quad\Bigg\{\bigg\{\Big\{\big\{\{x\}\big\}\Big\}\bigg\}\Bigg\}

4 \]\[\Bigg\langle\bigg\langle\Big\langle\big\langle\langlex

6 \rangle\big\rangle\Big\rangle\bigg\rangle\Bigg\rangle\quad\Bigg\lvert\bigg\lvert\Big\lvert\big\lvert\lvert x

8 \rvert\big\rvert\Big\rvert\bigg\rvert\Bigg\rvert\quad\Bigg\lVert\bigg\lVert\Big\lVert\big\lVert\lVert x

10 \rVert\big\rVert\Big\rVert\bigg\rVert\Bigg\rVert \]

((x))

[x] {{x}}

x|x|

x

4.9:


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4.3: 49

4.2.8

\dots \cdots \vdots \ddots \dots \cdots

\[ x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n\quad1,2,\cdots,n\quad

\vdots\quad\ddots\]

x1, x2, . . . , xn 1, 2, , n...

. . .

4.10:

4.2.9

4.6

\!

4.6:

\, 3/18em | | \quad 1em | |\: 4/18em | | \qquad 2em | |\; 5/18em

| | \! -3/18em

||

4.3

array 4.11

() tcb

lcr \\ &

\begin{array}[]{}

\end{array}

amsmath pmatrixbmatrixBmatrixvmatrixVmatrix

4.12


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50 :

\[ \begin{array}{ccc}

2 x_1 & x_2 & \dots\\x_3 & x_4 & \dots\\

4 \vdots& \vdots& \ddots\end{array} \]

x1 x2 . . .x3 x4 . . ....

... . . .

4.11:

\[ \begin{pmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{pmatrix} \quad

2 \begin{bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{bmatrix} \quad\begin{Bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Bmatrix} \quad

4 \begin{vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{vmatrix} \quad

\begin{Vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Vmatrix} \]a b

c d

a b

c d

a b

c d

a bc d a bc d

4.12:

\smallmatrix 4.13

Marry has a little matrix $ ( \begin{smallmatrix}

a&b\\c&d \end{smallmatrix} ) $.

Marry has a little matrix( a bc d ).

4.13:

4.4

amsmath

4.4.1

multline 4.14

split 4.15

\\ &


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4.5: 51

\begin{multline}

x = a+b+c+{} \\d+e+f+g

\end{multline}

x= a+b+c+

d+e+f+ g (4.2)

4.14:

\[ \begin{split}

x ={} &a+b+c+{} \\

&d+e+f+g

\end{split} \]

x= a+b+c+

d+e+f+ g

4.15:

4.4.2

gather 4.16

align 4.17

\begin{gather}

a = b+c+d \\

x = y+z

\end{gather}

a= b+c+d (4.3)

x= y +z (4.4)

4.16:

\begin{align}

a &= b+c+d \\

x &= y+z

\end{align}

a= b+c+d (4.5)

x= y +z (4.6)

4.17:

multlinegatheralign *

4.4.3

cases 4.18

4.5

\newtheorem


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52 :

\[ y=\begin{cases}

-x,\quadx\leq0 \\x,\quadx>0

\end{cases} \]

y= x, x 0x, x >0

4.18:

{}[]{}[]

section 4.19

4.20

\newtheorem{definition}{}[section]\newtheorem{theorem}{}[section]\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{}\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{}

4.19:

\begin{definition}

Java

\end{definition}

4.5.1. Java

\begin{theorem}

\end{theorem}

4.5.1.

\begin{lemma}

\end{lemma}

4.5.2.

\begin{corollary}\end{corollary}

4.5.3.

4.20:

amsthm proof 4.21

QED 2

2 quod erat demonstrandum
http://-/?-


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4.6: 53

\begin{proof}[]

\end{proof}

.

4.21:

4.6

( 4.7) \mathbb \mathfrak amsfonts \mathscr

mathrsfs

4.7:

ABCXY Z \mathbf ABCXYZ\mathrm ABCXYZ \mathit ABCXYZ\mathsf ABCXYZ \mathbb ABCXYZ

\mathtt ABCXYZ \mathfrak ABCXYZ

\mathcal

ABCXYZ \mathscr ABCXY Z

[1] AMS. amsmath Users Guide, 2002. URLhttp://www.ams.org/tex/

amslatex.html.

[2] George Grtzer.More Math into LaTeX. Springer, 4th edition, 2007. URLhttp:

//www.amazon.com/dp/0387322892/ .

[3] Scott Pakin. e Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List, 2008. URLhttp://www.

ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/ .
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/http://www.amazon.com/dp/0387322892/http://www.amazon.com/dp/0387322892/http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.htmlhttp://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html


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A picture says more than a thousand words.

Shakespeare

Knuth TEXGIFJPEGPNGEPS

DVI Knuth TEX

\special

DOS

5.1 LATEX

5.2 5.3 68

METAPOST, PSTricks PGF

5.1

5.1.1

LATEXJPEG PNG EPS PDF1

()

JPEG PNG

1980 PostScript

PostScript Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)

1EPS PDF

55
http://-/?-


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56 :

HTML ActiveXJava AppletJavaScript

DVI PostScript EPS LATEX

5.1.2 Driver

dvips

dvips PostScript EPSMiKTeX

dvips JPEG PNG

72 PPI

EPS

pdatex

pdflatex 2 JPEGPNG PDF EPS EPS

PostScript

1997 pdfTeX PostScript PDF Adobe PostScript

PDF

LATEX epstopdf pst-pdf (on the y) EPS

PDF3

EPS PDF

dvipdfm(x)

dvipdfm JPEGPNG PDF EPS

Ghostscript EPS PDFdvipdfmx

BMP

xdvipdfmx

X ELATEX xdvipdfmx BMPJPEGPNGEPS

PDFxdvipdfmx dvipspdflatex

dvipdfmx xdv2pdf GIFPICTPSDSGATGA

TIFF Mac OS X

2pdflatex 3 on the y

real time user

transparent black box
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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5.1: 57

5.1.3

(pixel)

(resolution) / (pixels per inchPPI)

PPI / (dots per inch, DPI) PPI

DPI ()

100 x 150 ( 5.1) 100 PPI

1in x 1.5in 2in x

3in ( 5.2) 50 PPI

5.1: 5.2:

100 DPI


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300 DPI 3 x 3 50 DPI

2 x 2 (resam-

pling) (downsampling)

(upsampling) (interpolation)

(nearest neighbor) (bilinear) (bicubic)

(Lanczos)

Lanczos

72 PPI 150 PPI 300 PPI

LATEX

4.85.4in ()

400px 800px 1600px

(crop)

(resize)

1. 5.1

2048 x 1536

5.3 4in x 3in

2.

5.1resize 200 x 300 100

PPI 2in x 3in ( 5.4)

3.

5.1 200 PPI 100 x 150

0.5 x 0.75in ( 5.5)

4. 5.1 200 x 300

200 PPI 1in x 1.5in ( 5.6)


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5.1: 59

5.3:

5.4: 5.5: 5.6:


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60 :

ImageMagick resize Adobe PhotoShop resample

ImageMagick density PhotoShop resize ImageMagick resample

(color depth)

CGA

16 EGA 256 VGA16 65,536 24 16,777,216 3048

24

5.7

PNG

24 34 KB 8 256 23.4 KB 8 18.7 KB

4 16 15.6 KB 2 4 13.5 KB 1 12 KB

5.7:


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5.1: 61

5.1.4

X ELATEX

garbage in, garbage out

Ghostscript RIP PostScriptEPS

PDF Ghostscript

GSview

ImageMagick Paint.NET

GIMP

ImageMagick

ImageMagick convert

BMP PNG ImageMagick 100

convert fig.bmp fig.png

Windows Windows

ImageMagick PATH ImageMagick

system32

5.1

(10,10) 300 x 200

300 x 200

300 PPI

300 PPI

convert fig.bmp -crop 300x200+10+10 fig.jpg

2 convert fig.jpg -crop 300x200+10+10 -resize 30x20 fig1.jpgconvert fig.jpg -resize 300x200 fig1.jpg

4 convert fig.jpg -resize !300x200 fig1.jpgconvert fig.jpg -density 300 fig1.jpg

6 convert fig.jpg -resample 300 fig1.jpg

5.1: ImageMagick


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62 :

5.2 8 256

8 4 16 2 4 1

convert fig.jpg -colors 256 png8:fig8.png

2 convert fig.jpg -colorspace gray png8:fig8g.pngconvert fig.jpg -colors 16 png8:fig4.png

4 convert fig.jpg -colors 4 png8:fig2.pngconvert fig.jpg -monochrome fig1.png

5.2: ImageMagick

ImageMagick

ACDSee

EPS

EPS ImageMagick GIMP

a2ping/sam2p

bmeps

jpeg2ps

sam2p

PostScript Level 2

EPS Level 2 3 EPS

ImageMagick EPS BMP

JPEG PNG EPS EPS EPS

JPEG PNG

convert fig.png eps3:fig.eps

EPS

EPS Bullzip PDF Printer

PSEPSPDFBMPJPEGPCXPNGTIFF

Bullzip PDF Printer General

Format EPS Save EPS

PostScript EPS

PS GSview EPS

lnotes [1]4.1.3
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=dvipsgraphics


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5.2: 63

PDF

EPS Ghostscript ps2pdf

PDF

ps2pdf -dEPSCrop fig.eps fig.pdf

PDF PDF

PDF

ImageMagick LATEX epstopdf 4 EPS

PDF

5.2

5.2.1

latex JPEGPNG

(bounding box)

pdflatex xelatex

EPS EPS

LATEX

EPS (

) bp EPS

(0,0)

%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF -3.0

% % Bo un di ng Bo x : 5 5 1 05 1 05

latex DVI

latex

! LaTeX Error: Cannot determine size of graphic in fig.png

(no BoundingBox).

4 epstopdf
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latex

dvipdfm ebb JPEG PNG

fig.bb

ebb fig.png

ebb 100

PPI

bp = / 72

5.2.2

Knuth \special

LATEXv2.09 epsf psfig David P. Carlisle

(1961) 5 Rahtz LATEX 2 graphics graphicx

\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}

\includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 200]{fig.png}

graphicx latex dvips

dvipdfm(x) dvipdfmpdflatex xelatex pdftex xetex

latex .bb

pdflatex xelatex

5.2.3

\includegraphics ( 5.1)

latex dvipdfm(x) pdflatex PPI

72 PPI

51995 1998 (Numerical

Algorithms Group)
http://-/?-


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5.2: 65

scale PPI

X ETEX

5.1:

width=x,height=y scale=s

keepaspectratio

angle=a origin=hv

lcr tcb

totalheight=h viewport=x1 y1 x2 y2 bptrim=l b r t bpclip viewport trim

page=n

\includegraphics[width=60pt]{homer.pdf}

\includegraphics[width=80pt]{homer.pdf}

\includegraphics[width=80pt,height=100pt]{homer.pdf}

\includegraphics[width=80pt,height=100pt,keepaspectratio]{

homer.pdf}

5.3:


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5.3

5.4

\includegraphics[angle=90]{homer.pdf}

2 \includegraphics[angle=180]{homer.pdf}\includegraphics[angle=270]{homer.pdf} \\

4 \includegraphics[angle=90,origin=c]{homer.pdf}\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]{homer.pdf}

6 \includegraphics[angle=270,origin=c]{homer.pdf} \\

5.4:

5.2.4

5.5 EPS

/

/


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5.2: 67

\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.eps,.mps,.pdf,.jpg,.png}

2 \DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{eps}{*}{}\graphicspath{{c:/secret_garden/}}

4 \graphicspath{{./img/}}\graphicspath{{one_little/}{two_little/}{three_little_

indians/}}

5.5:

5.2.5 gure

figure

(oat)

5.6 htbp

here, top, bottom, oat page (

)

\begin{figure}[htbp]

2 \centering\includegraphics{myphoto.jpg}

4 \caption{

}\label{fig:myphoto}

6 \end{figure}

5.6:figure

h LATEX

\centering \caption LATEX

\label

5.2.6

figure

\includegraphics ( 5.7)


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2 \centering\includegraphics{left.pdf}

4 \includegraphics{right.pdf}\caption{}

6 \end{figure}

5.8:

5.7:

figure minipage ( 5.8) minipage


2 \centering\begin{minipage}{60pt}


6 \caption{}\end{minipage}

8 \hspace{10pt}%\begin{minipage}{60pt}

10 \centering\includegraphics{right.pdf}

12 \caption{}\end{minipage}

14 \end{figure}

5.9:

5.10:

5.8:

\caption minipage figure

2411 \centering minipage

minipage 14 \hspace

minipage


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Steven D. Cochran 6 subfig \subfloat

5.9


2 \centering\subfloat[]{

4 \label{fig:subfig_a}\includegraphics{left.pdf}

6 }\hspace{10pt}%

8 \subfloat[]{\label{fig:subfig_b}

10 \includegraphics{right.pdf}}

12 \caption{}\label{fig:subfig}

14 \end{figure}

(a)

(b)

5.11:

5.9:

\subfloat

\subfloat

minipage 5.10

subfig [2] LATEX

Keith Reckdahl epslatex[3]

6
http://-/?-


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70 :


2 \centering\subfloat[]{

4 \label{fig:improved_subfig_a}\begin{minipage}[t]{60pt}


8 \end{minipage}}

10 \subfloat[]{\label{fig:improved_subfig_b}

12 \begin{minipage}[t]{60pt}\centering

14 \includegraphics{right.pdf}\end{minipage}

16 }\caption{}

18 \label{fig:improved_subfig}\end{figure}

(a)

(b)

5.12:

5.10:

5.3

5.3.1

RGB 5.13

CMYK 5.14

RGB

24 8 0 255


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5.13: RGB 5.14: CMYK

(255,0,0)(0,255,0)(0,0,255)(0,0,0)(255,255,255) HTML 16 FF0000

00FF000000FF000000FFFFFF

RGB

HSL HSV

5.15

5.15:

CMYK

CMYK K key black

LATEX RGB

10 RGB 16 HTML [0, 1] rgb


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72 :

color

Uwe Kern 7 xcolor 12 (rgb, cmy, cmyk, hsb, Hsb, tHsb, gray, RGB, HTML, HSB, Gray, wave)

xcolor 19 68 dvips 151

SVG 317 Unix/X11

\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}

\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}

\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}

\definecolor

: \definecolor{}{}{}

\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{255,0,0}

\definecolor{mygreen}{HTML}{00FF00}\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{0,0,1}

5.11:

\textcolor 5.12 24

57

: \textcolor{}|[]{}{}

xcolor

71993 (University of Wrzburg)
http://-/?-


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5.3: 73

\textcolor{Red}{}

2 \textcolor{Green}{}\textcolor{Blue}{}

4 \textcolor[RGB]{255,0,0}{}\textcolor[HTML]{00FF00}{}

6 \textcolor[rgb]{0,0,1}{}

5.12:

\colorbox \textcolor

\fcolorbox

5.13 svgnames

\colorbox{Lavender}{}

2 \colorbox{SkyBlue}{}\colorbox{Wheat}{}

4 \fcolorbox{Silver}{Lavender}{}\fcolorbox{RoyalBlue}{SkyBlue}{}

6 \fcolorbox{SandyBrown}{Wheat}{}

5.13:

xcolor [4]

5.3.2

LATEX META-POST, PSTricks, PGF

METAPOST, PSTricks, PGF

METAPOST MPS ( EPS) PSTricks PGF LATEX

METAPOST MPS PDF pdflatex


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74 :

PSTricks EPS pdflatexPGF

PSTricks PostScript METAPOSTPGF

Asymptote

milksea

LATEX

Dia Ipe gnuplot Inkscape

[1] . LaTeX Notes, 2008. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/

info/latex-notes-zh-cn/.

[2] Steven D. Cochran. e Subg Package, 2005. URLhttp://www.ctan.org/

tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/ .

[3] Keith Reckdahl. Using Imported Graphics in LaTeX and pdfLaTeX, 2006. URL

http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/epslatex/ .

[4] Uwe Kern. Extending LaTeXs Color Facilities: e xcolor Package. CTAN, 2007.

URLhttp://www.ukern.de/tex/xcolor.html.
http://www.ukern.de/tex/xcolor.htmlhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/epslatex/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-notes-zh-cn/http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-notes-zh-cn/http://bbs.ctex.org/viewthread.php?tid=47893&extra=page%3D1http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/


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Metapost

Knuth METAFONT PK1980 John D. Hobby 1

METAPOST METAFONT

METAPOST EPSMETAFONT

METAPOST

TEX METAFONT

4096 PostScript

Asymptote METAPOST

1994 Taco Hoekwater 2 Hagen METAPOST

[1]

6.1

METAPOST bp 2.6

:= =

METAPOST (.mp) 6.1

mpost METAPOST

EPS MPS MPS LATEX

11985 Knuth21992

(Kluwer Academic Publishers) 2000 (Elvenkind) LuaTeX

ConTEXt

75
http://-/?-http://-/?-


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76 : Metapost

u := 10pt; %

2 beginfig(1); %... %

4 endfig; %

6 beginfig(2);...

8 endfig;...

10 end %

6.1: METAPOST

fig.mp

mpost fig(.mp)

g.1g.2

METAPOST

g-01.mpsg-02.mps

outputtemplate "% j-%2 c. mps "; %

outputtemplate "flowchart.mps" %

xelatex MPS .eps

\DeclareGraphicsRule .mps EPS

\DeclareGraphicsRule{.mps}{eps}{.mps}{}

6.2

6.2.1

METAPOST 0.5bp 0.5bp

0.5bp withpen

pickup


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6.2: 77

6.2 draw drawdot

filenametemplate "line.eps";

2 beginfig(1);draw (0,0)--(4u,0)--(2u,2u)--(0,0) withpen pencircle

scaled .8pt;

4 pickup pencircle scaled .8pt;draw (5u,0)--(9u,0)--(7u,2u)--cycle;

6 pickup pencircle scaled 3pt;drawdot (10u,0);

8 drawdot (14u,0);drawdot (12u,2u);

10 endfig;

6.2: METAPOST

(path) cycle

(closed path)

6.2.2

fullcircle

halfcirclequartercircleunitsquare

6.3

xscaled yscaled

6.2.3

-- ..

METAPOST

(direction) (tension) (curl) 6.4

() (

) ()

( 1112 )


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filenametemplate "predefined.eps";

2 beginfig(3);pickup pencircle scaled .8pt;

4 draw fullcircle scaled 2u;draw halfcircle scaled 2u shifted (3u,0);

6 draw quartercircle scaled 2u shifted (5u,0);draw fullcircle xscaled 4u yscaled 2u shifted (9u,0);

8 draw unitsquare scaled 2u shifted (12u,-u);draw unitsquare xscaled 4u yscaled 2u shifted (15u,-u);

10 endfig;

6.3: METAPOST

6.3

6.3.1

6.3.2

6.3.3

METAPOST xcolor rgb cmyk

color c[];

c1 := .9red + .6green + .3blue;

c2 := (.9,.6,.3);

withcolor

fill 6.8

path filldraw fill+draw


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6.4: 79

filenametemplate "curve.eps";


4 draw (0,0)..(4u,1u)..(8u,0);draw (9u,0){up}..(13u,1u){right}..(17u,0){down};

6 draw (18u,0){up}...(22u,1u){right}...(26u,0){down};draw (0,2u)..(2u,3u)..(6u,3u)..(8u,2u);

8 draw (9u,2u)..(11u,3u)..tension 1.5..(15u,3u)..(17u,2u);draw (18u,2u)..(20u,3u)..tension 1.5 and 1..(24u,3u)..(26u

,2u);

10 draw (0,4u)..(4u,5u)..(8u,4u);draw (9u,4u){curl 0}..(13u,5u)..{curl 0}(17u,4u);

12 draw (18u,4u){curl 100}..(22u,5u)..{curl 100}(26u,4u);

pickup pencircle scaled 3pt;14 drawdot (0,0); drawdot (4u,1u); drawdot (8u,0);drawdot (9u,0); drawdot (13u,1u); drawdot (17u,0);

16 drawdot (18u,0); drawdot (22u,1u); drawdot (26u,0);drawdot (0,2u); drawdot (2u,3u); drawdot (6u,3u); drawdot

(8u,2u);

18 drawdot (9u,2u); drawdot (11u,3u); drawdot (15u,3u);drawdot (17u,2u);

drawdot (18u,2u); drawdot (20u,3u); drawdot (24u,3u);

drawdot (26u,2u);

20 drawdot (0,4u); drawdot (4u,5u); drawdot (8u,4u);drawdot (9u,4u); drawdot (13u,5u); drawdot (17u,4u);

22 drawdot (18u,4u); drawdot (22u,5u); drawdot (26u,4u);

6.4: METAPOST

drawoption

drawoption(withcolor blue);

6.4

(shifted)

(rotated) (rotatedaround) (reflectedabout)

(slanted)


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80 : Metapost

filenametemplate "dashed.eps";


4 draw (0,0)--(10u,0) dashed withdots;draw (0,1u)--(10u,1u) dashed withdots scaled 2;

6 draw (0,2u)--(10u,2u) dashed evenly;draw (0,3u)--(10u,3u) dashed evenly scaled 2;

8 endfig;

6.5: METAPOST

filenametemplate "arrow.eps";


4 drawarrow (0,0)--(10u,0);drawarrow reverse ((0,1u)--(10u,1u));

6 drawdblarrow (0,2u)--(10u,2u);endfig;

6.6: METAPOST

6.9 6.8

6.5

label

( 6.1) dotlabel

6.1:label

top bottom lft rt ulft urt llft lrt


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6.5: 81

filenametemplate "color.eps";


4 draw (0,0)--(10u,0) withcolor red;draw (0,1u)--(10u,1u) withcolor green;

6 draw (0,2u)--(10u,2u) withcolor blue;endfig;

6.7: METAPOST

filenametemplate "fill.eps";

2 beginfig(7)path p;

4 p := (0,0)--(2,0)--(1,1.732)--cycle;fill p scaled u;

6 fill p scaled u shifted (3u,0) withcolor red;fill p scaled u shifted (6u,0) withcolor green;

8 fill p scaled u shifted (9u,0) withcolor blue;endfig;

6.8: METAPOST

btex etex TEX

( 6.10 141819 ) mpost TEX

tex DVImpost DVI METAPOST

.mpx MPS

METAPOST LATEX

verbatimtex etex

METAPOST

X ELATEX

MPS GSview

MPS PDF

MPS

( 6.10 )

mpost \prologues:=3; input fig.mp


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filenametemplate "transform.eps";


4 draw p scaled u;draw p scaled u shifted (3u,0) rotated 30;

6 draw p scaled u rotated 30 shifted (5u,0);draw p scaled u rotatedaround ((2u,0),30) shifted (7u,0) ;

8 draw p scaled u slanted 1 shifted (10u,0);draw p scaled u reflectedabout ((0,0),(2u,0)) shifted (13u

,0);

10 draw p xscaled 2u yscaled u shifted (16u,0);endfig;

6.9: METAPOST

6.6

6.6.1

METAPOST numericpairpathpen

colorcmykcolortransformstringbooleanpicture

u numericpair

pathpencircle pen color

scaledshiftedrotated transform

numeric 1/65536 4096

32768

4096

numeric

()

numeric x,y,z; %

numeric x1,x2,x3; %

numeric x[]; %


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6.6: 83

prologues:=3;

2 filenametemplate "label.eps";beginfig(9);

4 pickup pencircle scaled .8pt;draw unitsquare xscaled 8u yscaled 4u;

6 label.top ("top", (4u,4u));label.bot ("bottom", (4u,0));

8 label.lft ("left", (0,2u));label.rt ("right", (8u,2u));

10 label.ulft ("upper left", (0,4u));label.urt ("upper right", (8u,4u));

12 label.llft ("lower left", (0,0));label.lrt ("lower right", (8u,0));

14 label.rt (btex $E=mc^2$ etex, (2u,2u));drawarrow (16u,0)--(22u,0);16 drawarrow (16u,0)--(16u,4u);

dotlabel.bot ("(0,0)", (16u,0));

18 label.bot (btex $x$ etex, (22u,0));label.lft (btex $y$ etex, (16u,4u));

20 endfig;

top

bottom

left right

upperleft upperright

lowerleft lowerright

E= mc2

(0,0) x

y

6.10: METAPOST

6.6.2

METAPOST + - * /

a++b

a2 +b2a+-+b

a2 b2 6.2

6.6.3

( 6.11)

1upto

step 1 until

for x=1 step .5 until 3:


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84 : Metapost

6.2: METAPOST

abs mexp round mlog ceiling sind floor cosd mod normaldeviate sqrt uniformdeviate

filenametemplate "loop.eps";


4 drawarrow (0,0)--(10u,0);drawarrow (0,0)--(0,4u);

6 draw (0,0) %for x=1 upto 3: ..(x*x,x)*u endfor;

8 endfig;

6.11: METAPOST

[1] John D. Hobby, Taco Hoekwater, and Hans Hagen. MetaPost: A Users Manual,

2010. URLhttp://www.tug.org/metapost/.
http://www.tug.org/metapost/


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PSTricks

PSTricks PostScript LATEXPSTricks van Zandt

1997 Denis Girou 1 Herbert Vo 2

7.1 PSTricks

7.1: PSTricks

multido pst-3dplot pst-node pst-solides3d pst-tree pst-circ pst-plot pst-labo

pst-func pst-geo pst-eucl pstricks-add

7.1

PSTricks 1cm

pspicture

LATEX

\psset{unit=10pt}

\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(4,2)

...

\end{pspicture}

1 (National Centre for Scientic Research, CNSR) 2 (Free University of Berlin)

LATEX 3

85
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86 : PSTricks

LATEX PSTricks PostScriptdvips

xdvipdfmx dvipdfm pdflatex EPS PDF

pst-eps PSTricks EPS

LATEX EPS dvipdfmx pst-eps

EPS \rput\uput\psaxes

%fig.tex

2 \documentclass{article}\usepackage{pst-pdf}

4 \begin{document}

\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(4,2)6 ...

\end{pspicture}

8 \end{document}

7.1:pst-pdf

pst-pdf PSTricks EPS

PDF pspicture

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