LARYNGITIS & EPIGLOTTITIS

Presented by: Michelle Aguilar, Marissa Aguilera & Jacqueline RomoPeriod#8

What is it?

Laryngitis is a lower respiratory infection that creates minor inflammation of the larynx and the surrounding tissues

Epiglottitis is a lower respiratory infection which causes inflammation on the small cartilage which covers you windpipe, blocking airflow into lungs.

EtiologyLaryngitis Epiglottitis

Causative agents: rhinoviruses.

Gram negative Common causes are

the common cold & the flu.

You can also get it from the overuse of your voice, irritation from allergies, or if the vocal cords become infected and swell.

Causative agents: Haemophilus influenza (Hib) and streptococci

Gram negative Causes are bacterial

infection strains such as streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus and klebsiella.

Epiglottitis Gram Stain

Epidemiology Laryngitis Epiglottitis

It is most common amongst males and any age between 18-40 years of age.

It is most common in the early spring

Commonly seen amongst 2-7 year olds, particularly the males.

May get it at any age Not very common in

the U.S. There is 1 case per

100,000 people per year.

Mode of Transmission Laryngitis

Epiglottitis Laryngitis itself is not

transmitted, but the viruses that often cause laryngitis can be passed from person to person or by aerosol droplets.

Spreads through inflected water droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air.

Symptoms Laryngitis

Epiglottitis Symptoms of

laryngitis include: hoarseness dry or sore throat coughing trouble swallowing

Symptoms of epiglottitis include: sore throat hoarseness high fever trouble swallowing shortness of

breath wheezing drooling

Diagnostic Tests Laryngitis

Epiglottitis The diagnosis is

made at doctors office by examination. This brief examination will include looking for lumps and inflammation in the throat.

Diagnosis includes several tests such as Throat

examinations chest or neck x-ray throat culture and

blood tests pulse oximeter

Treatment for Laryngitis Acute laryngitis gets

better on its own within in about a week

For chronic laryngitis, it targets the underlying cause like heartburn, smoking, or excessive use of alcohol.

Medication such as antibiotics or corticosteroids are commonly used. Antibiotics wont help

because laryngitis is viral not bacterial.

Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation & are used inly when there’s an urgent need to treat laryngitis (like to sing, give a speech)

A couple of home remedies include Breathe moist air Rest your voice Drink lots of fluids Moisten your throat Avoid decongestants

Normal Vocal Cords

Acute Laryngitis

Treatment for Epiglottitis 1st make sure you

can breathe Wearing a mask Breathing tube in the

windpipe through the mouth/nose

Inserting a needle into the trachea

Treating the infection involves intravenous antibiotics after you get enough air Broad-spectrum

antibiotics for quick treatment rather than waiting for blood results

More targeted antibiotics depending the cause for the epiglottitis.

PreventionLaryngitis Epiglottitis

Prevent dryness or irritation of vocal cords

Don’t smoke Limit alcohol & caffeine Drink lots of water Avoid clearing your throat

Does more harm by causing abnormal vibration of vocal cords & swelling

Avoid upper respiratory infection with good hygiene

Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenza) is the effective way to prevent epiglottitis Received in 3-4 doses

(2months , 4m, 6m[if given in 4 doses] and 12-15months.

CDC recommend vaccinate people whose immune systems are weakened by HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, spleen removed, & sickle cell disease.

Don’t share personal items

Wash hands

Video

Laryngitis http://youtu.be/Rg09vEZks9c

Epiglottitis http://m.youtube.com/watch?

v=CIO7yUeb-T0

References (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Treatments and drugs Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/treatment/con-20021565. (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Lifestyle and home remedies Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20021565. (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Prevention Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/prevention/con-20021565. (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Treatments and drugs Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/treatment/con-20027854. (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Prevention Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/prevention/con-20027854. (10 Feb. 2007). Haemophilus influenzae infections Blue Book Infectious Diseases Epidemiology & Surveillance Department of Health Victoria Australia. Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://ideas.health.vic.gov.au/bluebook/haemophilus.asp. (2014). Epiglottitis Symptoms Diseases and Conditions PDR Health. PDR Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/symptoms. (2014). Epiglottitis Diagnosis Diseases and Conditions PDR Health. PDR Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/diagnosis. (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Causes Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/causes/con-20027854. (21 Jan. 2011). The Larynx. The National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health . Retrieved 04 May 2014 from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/larynx/page2 (09 Oct. 2012). Laryngitis . WebD. Retrieved 04 May 2014. from http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/laryngitis (2013). ENT Laryngitis Dr. Tal Dagan. Dagan MD NYC. Retrieved 04 May 2014. from http://www.myfacesurgeon.com/ent-home/laryngitis/.