Label Eco-Efficiency Analysis Astaxanthin - BASF Eco-Efficiency 12.02.2004 2 BASF Aktiengesellschaft...

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Eco-Efficiency 112.02.2004

BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology

Validated Eco-EfficiencyAnalysis Methodology

Label

Eco-Efficiency Analysis

Astaxanthin

February 12th, 2004

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The Label

An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impactsand the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use of astaxanthin for salmon production. In the field of agriculture, astaxanthin, a carotenoid, gives salmon the characteristic pink colour hue. Whereas fish in the wild obtain carotenoids transferred by organisms up the food chain, salmon in culture situations depend on the appropriate addition of pigments to the feed. The eco-efficiency analysis showed that the production of astaxanthin by chemical synthesis is clearly more eco-efficient than the fermentation of micro-organisms or the cultivation of algae.

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Requirements Met

1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the methodology certified by TÜV Rheinland/ Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany.

2. Verification of Astaxanthin to be more eco-efficient than other alternatives for feeding salmon in aquatic cultures.3. Third party evaluation by DI C.-O. Gensch, Öko-Institut e. V., Freiburg (Germany) (so-called Critical Review according ISO 14040 ff.).

4. Publication of the results via internet on website www.oeea.de, which is referred to on the label.5. Payment of the licence fee for the duration of three years.

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Certificate

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EcostudyEcostudy of of Lucantin Lucantin

PinkPinkfor Salmon for Salmon ProductionProduction

food

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Objectives and Planned Use of the Study

Target groups of the study– BASF Research– Decision-maker BASF – Customers– Public

Use of the study– Internal strategy finding– Identifying of weaknesses and

strengths– Marketing

Objective of the studyAn eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impacts and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use ofastaxanthin for salmon production.

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BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Alternative Systems Alternative Systems for the Productionfor the Production

of of AstaxanthinAstaxanthin

BASF Product2.2.

Astaxanthin,chemically synthesized(Lucantin Pink)

Comparable Products 3.3.

• Astaxanthin, biotechnologically produced with yeasts / fermentation

Astaxanthin produced with algae in ponds

Customer Benefit1.1.

• ProductionProduction ofof 1 t of1 t of salmonsalmon withwith Astaxanthin Astaxanthin enriched dietsenriched diets

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BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of thethe Lucantin Lucantin PinkPink ProductionProduction

(10% (10% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))

Waste water

Box III: Disposal

Box II: Usage

Exhaustair

αααα-Isophoron

ββββ-Isophoron

Oxo-Isophoron

C9-Acetal

Vinyl-butinol

C6-Acetal

C15-Acetal C15-Salt

LucantinPink

Feed production

Landfill

Production of Additives

Asta-xanthin

Box I:Production

For allchemicalprocesses

Product cleaningand packaging

The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used.

=> not considered

Electricity, Steam

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BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of thethe FermentativeFermentative ProductionProduction of of AstaxanthinAstaxanthin

(0.7% (0.7% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))Box III: Disposal

Box II: Usage

Fermentation,Preparation

Feed Production

Product cleaning and

packaging

Box I: Production

Production of Sugar

Transport

Production of Phosphates

Production of Magnesium

sulfate

Production of Ammonia

Supply of Electricity,

Steam

Supply of Water

Production of Yeast Extracts Landfill

Waste water

Exhaustair


=> not considered

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BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of the Productionthe Production of of Astaxanthin withAstaxanthin with AlgaeAlgae

(2.7% (2.7% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))

Waste Water

Box III: Disposal

Box II: Usage

Growth, harvestand preparationof algae

Feed production

Product cleaning and packaging

Box I:Production

Production of Magnesium

sulfate

Transport

Production of Sodium

dicarbonate

Production of Sodium Acetate

Production of Potassium

nitrate

Supply of Electricity,

Steam

Supply of Water


=> not considered

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Eco-Efficiency Portfolio (sales product have the same price per unit of active ingredient)

Low Eco-Efficiency

High Eco-Efficiency

0.51.0

1.0 0

0.5

0

Price of Astaxanthin

Lucantin Pink

Algae

Fermentation

Ecol

ogic

al V

alua

tion

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Interpretation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio

• Astaxanthin via chemical process is the most eco-efficient alternative for the production of salmon (the distance from the diagonal is a measure for the eco-efficiency).

• The high environmental performance of the chemical production ofastaxanthin is due mainly to the high energy consumption of the other alternatives.

• From a customer´s point of view, all alternatives are economically equal. The costs for the customer are about the same (market prices were used for the calculation). There are no additional costs to be calculated from a customer´s point of view.

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EcologicalEcological FingerprintFingerprint

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0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00Energy use

Emissions

Raw material use

Toxicity potential

Risk potential

Land use

Lucantin PinkFermentationAlgae

EcologicalEcological FingerprintFingerprint afterafter BASF BASF -- Base Base Case Case (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))

1,0 = worst position, relatively better position <1

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Energy UseEnergy Use of Alternativesof Alternatives (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))

0,16

1,00

0,75

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae

Ener

gy u

se, s

tand

ardi

zed

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EffectsEffects of Airof Air--Emission 1 Emission 1 (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))

Global Warming Potential

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Luca

ntin

Pin

k

Ferm

enta

tion

Alg

ae

CO

2-eq

uiva

lent

s[k

g/to

nne

salm

on]

CO2 CH4 halogenized NM-Voc* N20

Summer Smog (POCP= Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential)

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

Luca

ntin

Pin

k

Ferm

enta

tion

Alg

ae

Ethy

lene

-equ

ival

ents

[kg/

tonn

e sa

lmon

]

CH4 NM-VOC**

* halogenized Non Methane Volatile organic compound ** Non Methane Volatile Organic Compound

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Consumption Consumption of of Raw Raw Materials Materials (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))

44

394

918

120

246

70

92

1269 69

73

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae

Raw

mat

eria

l use

[kg/

a*To

nne

Salm

on]

Sand

Bauxite

Limestone

Iron

Phosphorus

Sulphur

NaCl

Brown coal

Gas

Oil

Coal

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Water EmissionsImpact Potential of Water Emissions I

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000C

hem

istry

Ferm

enta

tion

Alga

e

crit.

Vol

ume

[ml/t

onne

Salm

on]

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Ferm

enta

tion

Alga

e

crit.

Vol

ume

[ml/t

onne

Salm

on]

N-total NH4+

PO4---

AOX

Heavy MetalsHydrocarbons SO4--

Cl-

Impact Potential of Water Emissions II

COD, Chemical Oxygen DemandBOD, Biological Oxygen Demand

BAS

F Che

mis

tryB

ASF

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Toxicity Potential

Toxicity Potential of Production

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Chemistry, BASF Fermentation Algae

Toxi

city

Pot

entia

l [va

l. po

ints

/tonn

esa

lmon

]

Astaxanthin Phosphate fertilizerGlucose Magnesium sulfateYeast AmmoniaMagnesium sulfate Potassium nitrateSodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate

Like for all environmental categories, the toxicity potential was calculated including the prechains.

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Risk Potential

BASF

20769 69

0

122 0

0 0

69

0 035

104311

207

200

600

20035

104

69

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Chemistry, Fermentation Algae

Risk

Pot

entia

l [va

l. po

ints

/tonn

esa

lmon

]

StorageTransportationFormulation of the ProductAdditional ReconditioningOther Production ProcessesAgricultural ProcessesChemical Processes

104207

311100

300200

104

311207

30

30

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Chemistry,BASF

Fermentation Algae

Feasibility to keep Process under Control

Storage

Transportation

Formulation of the Product

Production Phase Use Phase

Risk

Pot

entia

l [va

l. po

ints

/tonn

esa

lmon

]

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Conclusion/ Perspective

• Strength– holistic approach– includes all aspects of value chain– integrates various types of data

• Weakness– only valid for specific process under

examination– still fairly complex– data sets from internal and external

sources

PerspectivePerspective•• basis for discussion with consumer groups basis for discussion with consumer groups •• may be applicable for the salmon productionmay be applicable for the salmon production asas a a wholewhole•• confirms superiorityconfirms superiority of of chemical processchemical process at at this momentthis moment in timein time

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Critical ReviewBASF´s eco-efficiency was carefully examined and evaluated by independent experts of theÖko-Institut e. V. in Freiburg, Germany. Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology), a registered well-known non-profit association, was founded in 1977. The objectives of the institute are to analyse and evaluate current and future environmental problems, to point out risks, and to develop and implement problem-solving strategies and measures.

Extract from the summary of the report:„...This expert´s opinion concerns an eco-efficiency analysis carried out by BASF AG, in which three variants of astaxanthin production (chemical synthesis, biotechnology using yeasts/ fermenters, and production from algae/ ponds) are compared. The purpose of this expert´s opinion commissioned by BASF is to ensure that the methodology of the eco-efficiency analysis is consistent and that the data used are suitable and expedient as regards the objective.Öko-Institut e. V. comes to the conclusion that the eco-efficiency analysis presented was conducted with a consistent methodology and that the data are applied expedient with regard to the objective and the framework examined in the study. The presentation of the results is largely clear and plausible...“

Authors: Dipl.-Ing. Carl-Otto Gensch (Project Leader), Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Kathrin Graulich, Dr. Jennifer Teufel (all Öko-Institut e. V., Geschäftsstelle Freiburg, 79308 Freiburg, Germany).

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Contact

For more information about Lucantin Pink (astaxanthin) please contact:

Dr. Remi BakerBASF AktiengesellschaftMEM/AA+49 621 [email protected]

For more information about the eco-efficiency analysis please contact:

Dr. Peter SalingBASF AktiengesellschaftGUP/CE+49 621 [email protected]

Label Eco-Efficiency Analysis Astaxanthin - BASF Eco-Efficiency 12.02.2004 2 BASF Aktiengesellschaft...

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