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World DisabilityMovements-till t

adoption of theConvention

Yutaka TakamineUniversity of the Ryuk

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OutlineGlobalization of the disability movemDisability movement gained momentuduring UN Decade of PWDs (1983-19Asian and Pacific Decade of DisabledPersons, 1993-2002Other regional decades followAdoption of the Convention on the rigPWDsEmerging issues

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Globalization of disability

movementDeclaration on the Rights of the MenRetarded, 1971Declaration on the Rights of DisabledPersons, 1975International Year OF Disabled Per1981

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Globalization of disability

movementEstablishment, in 1981, of DisabledPeoples International was turning po

Departure from Rehabilitation InternatiInternational cross-disability organizatiVoice of our own Nothing about us without us

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United Nations Decade of Disab

Persons, 1983-1992World Programme of Action concernDisabled Persons , adopted in 1982

Prevention, Rehabilitation and Equaof opportunitiesConsultation with DPO becomes imp

Disability movement gained a momen

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United Nations Decade of Disab

Persons, 1983-1992UNESCAP (UN Economic and SociaCommission for Asia and the Pacific)

established the Disability Programme1987ESCAP issued guidelines on selforganizations of persons with disabili

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Standard Rules on the Equalizaof Opportunities for Persons wi

Disabilities (1993)

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Definition of SHOsA self-help organization of disabled personan organization run by self-motivated disapersons to enable disabled peers in their

community to become similarly self-motivand self-reliant. The organization may engefforts to provide community-based suppservices through mutual support mechan

and advocacy for disabled persons to achtheir maximum potential , and assumeresponsibility for their own lives .

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Definition of SHOs

A self-help organization of disabledpersons may be characterized by se

determination and control by disablpersons , self-advocacy and mutuasupport mechanisms , aimed atstrengthening the participation of peowith disabilities in community life.

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The Commission adopted resolution 48/

to proclaimed the DecadeThe unique regional DecadeThe sense of OUR Decade

Asian and Pacific Decade of DisabledPersons 1993 - 2002

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Proclamation on the Full Participation &Equality of People with Disabilities in the A& Pacific Region (1992). Agenda for Action for the Asian & Pacif

Decade of Disabled Persons (1992)

. Targets & recommendations forimplementing the Agenda for Action for theDecade, including gender dimensions (1995

Key Decade Mandates

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Agenda for Action for the Asi& Pacific Decade of Disabled

Persons, 1993-200212 policy areas

Based on the Standard Rules wideveloping country perspectives

Key Decade Mandate

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Asian and Pacific Decade of

Disabled Persons, 1993-2002The Decade was declared by the initiof SHOs and civil society organizatio

Disability issues in developing countrwere main focus.Self-help organizations of PWDs was

of 12 policy areas of Agenda for A

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AGENDA FOR ACTION FOR THE ASIANAND PACIFIC DECADE OF DISABLED PERSONS

National coordination

Legislation

Information

Public awareness

Accessibility &

communicationEducation

Training &employment

Prevention of c

of disabilityRehabilitation

Assistive devic

Self-helporganizations

Regional coope

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VideoTo be seen, heard and counted.

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Improvement in all 12 policy areas but unev

Significant improvement in legislation and

policies on disability

Some improvement in prevention of causdisability, rehabilitation, accessibility, self-he

organizations

Still low rate of access to education/highpoverty rate among PWD

Achievements

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Regional focused (close to a country)Developing country perspectivesRegional cooperation mechanism/strong

UN and NGO involvementRegular regional review meetings

Why it worked?

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Imbalance among subregions(Subregional focus is needed)

Rural poor disabled persons are still left o

Issue of poverty and disability has not beaddressed (disability is still a welfare issue).

Lessons learnt

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Resolution 58/4 adopted at the 58session of the Commission in May2002

proclaims the extension of theDecade, 2003-2012

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Second Decade, 2003-2012

Decade was extended to 2003-2012 bthe initiative of Civil Society Organiz

Self-help organizations of PWDs andrelated family and parent associationsthe focal area of the Biwako millenniframework for action

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Self-helporganizations ofPWDs and related

family and parentalassociations

Womenwith

disabilities

Early detection,early intervention

and education

Training and employment,including self-employment

Access to buenvironments public transp

Access to informand communicati

including informacommunicationsassistive techno

Poverty alleviationthrough capacity-building, social securityand sustainablelivelihood programmes

Graphic presentation of the priority areas

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Other regional Decades

African Decade of Disabled Persons,2000-2009

Arab Decade of Disabled Persons, 202012Americas for the Rights and Dignity

Persons with Disabilities, 2006 to 201DPOs played active role for theseDecades.

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Asia-Pacific Development Cent

on Disability (APCD)Goal:

Empowerment of PWDs

Barrier-free societyActivities

Training (IL, self-help groups, CBR, etc

Information sharingSouth-to-South seminars, etc.(APCD video to be shown)

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Convention on the rights of PW

The Convention was adopted by theGeneral Assembly on 13 December 2

SHOs actively participated in the draprocess.IDA (International Disability Allianc

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Convention, preamble para (

Recognizing the importance ofaccessibility to the physical , social

economic & cultural environment, to and education & to information &communication, in enabling PWDs toenjoy all human rights & fundamentafreedoms,

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Discrimination on the basis of dis

Any distinction, exclusion or restrictionbasis of disability which has the purpoeffect of impairing or nullifying the rec

enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basothers, of all human rights & fundamenfreedoms in the political, economic, socultural, civil or any other field. It informs of discrimination, including deniareasonable accommodation ;

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Reasonable accommodation

Necessary and appropriate modificationand adjustments not imposing a

disproportionate or undue burden,needed in a particular case , to ensuPWDs the enjoyment or exercise on anequal basis with others of all human rigand fundamental freedoms;

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Convention & Optional Protoco

Signatories & Ratification (11/0118 signatories to the Convention67 signatories to the Optional Protoco7 ratifications of the Convention3 ratifications of the Optional ProtocoSHOs should play active role to advofor the Ratification of the Conventio

(20 countries required for the conventibe effective)

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Millennium Development Goalsadopted by Millennium Summit in 2000

Target 1: Poverty reduction

To halve , between 1990 and 2015, theproportion of people whose income/consumption is less than one dollar a day

the proportion of people who suffer from hungand by the same date, to halve the proportionpeople who are unable to reach or to afford sadrinking water.

Disability and Developme

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Emerging Issue

Disability and PovertyWorld Bank , in 1998, recognized tdisability is an important developmissueIt appointed the Advisor on Disaband Development in 2003.

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PWDs in ruraPoor people

PWDs (20-30%

Disability and Poverty

Disabled poor 80-

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Unless disabled people are brought intothe development mainstream, it will beimpossible to cut poverty in half by 2015 or

to give every girl and boy the chance toachieve a primary education by the samedate -- goals agreed to by more than 180world leaders at the United Nations

Millennium Summit in September 2000(James D. Wolfensohn, Tuesday, 3 December 2002

Poverty and disability:

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PWDs in Asia-Pacific region

Estimated 400 million PWDs in the80% are in rural areas of developin

countries.Disability issues have been dealt with20 years:

UN Decade of Disabled Persons, 1983-Asian and Pacific Decade of DisabledPersons, 1993-2002

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PWDs in Asia-Pacific regioBut their lives have not been improvWhy?Lack of support for rural PWDs

Lack of servicesSocial exclusionLarge number in the rural areas (requirsubstantial intervention)

Disability movements are urban elitebasedlack of understanding of theneeds o f rural PWDsPWDs involvement in CBR is mini

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PWDs in Asia-Pacific region

Lack of development approachCharity and welfare approach is commonRelationship between Disability and Poverty arecognized well.

Extension of AP Decade, 2003-2012Adoption of Biwako Millennium Frafor Action

Disability issues were linked with the UN MilDevelopment Goals

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The World Bank

(Velugu project)Velugu (Poverty reduction project) inAndhra Pradesh, India (one of poores

states, 75 million)Phase II includes formation of self-hegroups of PWDs (2003-2008)

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Shelf-help groups SHGs of A SHG consists of 10 to 15 persons witdisabilities.Members meet regularly to discuss thei

and solve them collectively.Savings and obtaining loansIncome generation schemes (shops)Benefits

Provision of prostheses, tricycles, hearing-aidsCollective surgeries, eye-surgeries, etc.Provision of houses

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, VO & MS (federati

VO VOVOVOVOVOVO

Mandal Samakya

SHGs

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Outcome of Velugu project

107,000 PWDs organized into 12,SHGs . Among them 9,000 groups ha

saving accounts at banks,5,700 SHGs received training on S

concept & operation, income generatiactivities, capacity building, leadershsaving, rights of persons with disabili

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Outcome of Velugu projectSHGs formed 170 district level federSHGs have used US$2.2 million to imtheir livelihood.475 SHGs have bank loans totalingUS$271,000US$390,000 have been provided to ov2,000 SHGs as revolving funds or matfunds.

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Importance of SHGs

SHG scheme is a good method toempower PWDs.

Requires time and resources but is a sprocess.SHG scheme has been introduced to o

countries (e.g., Cambodia, Banglades

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November 5, 2007

Word disability movements -- till the adoption of the Convention

Yutaka TAKAMINEProfessor, Faculty of Law and Letters

University of the Ryukyus

I. United Nations activities concerning disability (from protection torights)

1. Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded (1971)2 Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975)

3. International Year of Disabled Persons (1981)4. World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons (1981)5. United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992)6. Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons

with Disabilities (1993)7. Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (1993-2002)8. Second Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons

(2003-2012)9. Other regional Decades (Africa, Arab and Latin America) were

declared10. Adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

(2006)

II. Globalization of the disability movement1. The establishment of Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) in 1981

was a turning point for the globalization of the disability movement.2. Disability movement flourished during the UN Decade of Disabled

Persons (1983-1992)3. The Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (1993-2002) was

declared by the initiative of the disability movement in the Asia-Pacific region.a. Disability issues in developing countries were taken up as the

main theme.b. Strengthening of self-help groups of persons with disabilities

was included in the Agenda for Action.

c. A collaboration mechanism was established among

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November 5, 2007

government, NGOs and organizations of persons withdisabilities.

d. The second Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons was

adopted at the request of NGOs and organizations of personswith disabilities.

4. Following the Asia-Pacific region, the African Decade of DisabledPersons (2000-2009), the Arab Decade of Disabled Persons(2003-2012), and the Latin American Decade of Disabled Persons(2006-2015), were declared.a. Declarations of the decade in the respective regions were

urged by organizations of persons with disabilities.5. Active participation of DPOs (Disabled Persons Organizations) indrafting the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesa. Opinions of DPOs were fully reflected in the Convention.

III. Emerging issues (inclusive development)1. Inclusion of disability concerns in the Millennium Development

Goals (Development and Disability).2. Collaboration with the World Bank and other development agencies

and United Nations organizationsa. Inclusion of disability concerns into poverty reduction

strategy papers (PRSP)b. Inclusion of disability concerns into United Nations

Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and CommonCountry Assistance (CCA)

IV. Conclusion