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Transcript of Kunter & Plag Budapest 2014
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Branching direction and phonetic
reduction in triconstituent compounds
Gero Kunter & Ingo PlagHeinrich-Heine-Universitt Dsseldorf
Workshop Modeling Compound Properties14th International Morphology Meeting, Budapest, May 2014
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The problem
How much morphology is in the speech signal?
Affix boundaries differ in strength.
[ [base + X] # Y] (e.g. Chomsky & Halle 1968, Kiparsky 1982)
th > en > er> ling > ee > ess > ly> dom > hood> ship > ish > less >ful(A) > ness >ful(N)(Hay & Plag 2004, Plag & Baayen 2009, Zirkel 2010)
weaker boundaries = higher degree of phonological integration (e.g. Chomsky &Halle 1968, Kiparsky 1982, Dressler 1985)
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Research question
Can durational properties of complex words tell us something about their
internal constituency?
Embedded Reduction Hypothesis
In a complex word with more than two constituents, embedded forms
show more phonetic reduction than forms at higher derivational levels
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The hypothesis
1 2 3 1 2 3
short short long long short short
[weather station] data team [locker room]
L R
NNN compoundsEmbedded forms show more phonetic reduction than forms at higher derivational levels
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A complication
Predictability of a word in its context influences its duration (e.g. Jurafsky et al.2001, Pluymaekers et al. 2005, 2010).
N-gram frequency: N1-N2 bigram frequency
N2-N3 bigram frequency
embedded bigram frequency: [N1 N2] N3
N1 [N2 N3]cross-boundary bigram frequency:
[N1 N2] N3
N1 [N2 N3]
Bigram frequency is also a correlate of lexical integration, hence indirectly alsoof morphological structure
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This study: Triconstituent compounds
Test the embedded reduction hypothesis with triconstituent NNNcompounds
Use data from an experiment by Ksling (2013) and Ksling et al. (2013)
Production experiment with 12 speakers
40 NNN compounds, embedded in declarative sentences, 40 filler sentences
20 left-branching, 20 right-branching
Different combinations of branching and stress
L/N1 [coffee table] designer L/N2 [city hall]restoration
[daycare] center [cotton candy]maker
R/N2 adult [jogging suit] R/N3 baby [lemon tea]business [creditcard] company [internetpage]
most prominent constituent is embedded: works against hypothesis
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The data
hay fever treatment
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Results: first impression
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Problem: Covariates
Lengthinphonemes
Lengthinphonemes
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A possible confound: Bigram frequency
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Analysis
Mixed effects multiple linear regression
look at the effect of one variable while holding all others constant statistically control for random variables
Dependent variable
DURATION OF CONSTITUENT (in ms, token-based, N= 1431)
Fixed effects (and their interactions)BRANCHING (leftor right)
CONSTITUENT (N1, N2 or N3)
Embedded bigram frequency
Cross-boundary bigram frequency
CONSTITUENT FREQUENCY (= log of COCA frequency)
CONSTITUENT LENGTH (in number of phonemes)ACCENT ON CONSTITUENT (yes or no, see Ksling et al. 2014)
Random effect
SPEAKER
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Results: left-branching compounds
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Results: right-branching compounds
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Results: covariates
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Covariates: cross-boundary bigram frequency
Interaction with constituent:
Interaction with branching:
Cross-boundary bigram frequency
Cross-boundary bigram frequency
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Left-branching compounds
Shortening effect ofembedding on N1 and N2 (but only for mid to largeembedded bigram frequencies)
Shortening effect ofembedded bigram frequency on N2
No effect ofembedded bigram frequency on N1
Lengthening effect of embedded bigram frequency effect on N3
Right-branching compounds Nodirect effect ofembedding
Shortening effect ofembedded bigram frequency on N2
No effect ofembedded bigram frequency on duration of N3
Lengthening effect of embedded bigram frequency effect for N1
Covariates have expected effects
Summary
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Mixed results concerning the Embedded Reduction Hypothesis
More complex picture: Embedded reduction through the back door
New hypothesis
The weaker the morphological boundary within the complex constituent,
the more salient the boundary between the complex constituent and the
third constituent (as marked by the durational properties of the cross-
boundary constituents).
What does it all mean?
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Durational properties of complex words tell us something about theirinternal constituency
Post-lexical phonology needs to be reconceived: phonetic detail reflects
morphological structure.
Phonetic detail of morphologically complex words must have a place inmodels of speech production
Future research
Replicate the observed effects for compounds and derived words
Develop new models of phonology-morphology interaction
To take home
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Strategische Forschungsfrderfonds of Heinrich-Heine-Universitt Dsseldorf
for financial support.
Thank you very much for your attention!