KS3 ScienceHome Learning

Matter 2

Name : _____________________________________Class : ______________________________________

Teacher : ___________________________________

In this topic you will learn about:• The periodic table• Atoms, elements and compounds• Symbols and formulaePractical Skills: • Burning elements in air (oxygen)This will prepare you for:• GCSE chemistry topic ‘Chemical Changes’This topic has links to• Matter, Reactions 2Maths in science: • Analysing patterns • Plotting Graphs

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Links to help:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z84wjxs/revision/1https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztq6cwx/revision/1https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zt2hpv4/revision/1https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqd2mp3/revision/1https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztxnsbk/revision/2

Booklet expectations:

The booklet is your responsibility to look after and keep tidy.

You are expected to bring the booklet to every lesson with that class teacher.

Any corrections / self assessment to be completed in green pen, as indicated by your class teacher – Or when you see the ‘feedback & assessment’ logo

Any response to marking and literacy codes to be completed in green pen.

Any diagrams are to be drawn in pencil, graphs using a pencil and ruler etc.

All activities are to be completed, including homework, to the best of your ability, and corrected where needed.

When reading through the notes, you are expected to highlight any words you do not understand, then write their definitions on the glossary pages at the back of the booklet.

Lesson 1: The periodic table

Lesson 2: Group 1 – the alkali metals

Lesson 3: Group 7 - the halogens

Lesson 4: Analysing wider patterns in

the periodic table

Lesson 5: Atoms, elements and

compounds

Lesson 6: Understanding compounds

Lesson 7: Chemical reactions

Lesson 8: Polymers

Lesson 9: Composites and ceramics

Lesson 10: RevisionGlossary

Contents: Page no:

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Week commencing 2nd November – 30th November 4 lesson per week

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The

Pe

rio

dic

Tab

le

Lesson 1: The Periodic Table

In and On: Use the periodic table and the atomic numbers to ‘crack the code’.

Learning outcomes:Identify some elements using their symbol in the periodic table.Explain why the periodic table has its current structure.Evaluate the different methods of arranging the elements.

Starter: Use the periodic table at the front of your booklet to find the countries!On the periodic table we use letter symbols to represent elements. Find the name of the element on the periodic table and use the symbol to build up the name of a country.

Example:Iodine = I, Cerium = Ce, Lanthanum = La, Neodymium = Nd

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Iceland

All the different elements are arranged in a chart called the periodic table.

A Russian scientist called Dmitri Mendeleev produced one of the first practical periodic tables in the 19th century. The modern periodic table is based closely on the ideas he used:• the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number• the horizontal rows are called periods• the vertical columns are called groups• elements in the same group are similar to each other

Each atom has a unique number called the atomic number. This number increases from left to right.

A group

Period

Examine the Periodic TableLook at you periodic table and make some observations. Think about what is used to represent the elements.What else is given with the symbols.

Describe what you see ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Challenge: Circle and label the atomic number and the mass number on your periodic table. Describe the trend you see in the atomic number of the elements. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How many groups make up the periodic table?______________________________________________________

How many periods make up the periodic table?______________________________________________________

What group number would you find carbon (C)?______________________________________________________

What group would you find magnesium (Mg)?______________________________________________________

What group number is oxygen (O)______________________________________________________

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Use the following information around to annotate (label) the periodic

table at the start of your booklet. Use colouring pencils to shade in

different groups.

The periodic table has metals on the left and non-metals on the right.

Metals Non-metals

Group 1 - The alkali metals

These elements all react violently with water to produce alkaline solutions.

Group 7 - The halogens

These elements are all very poisonous and are used to kill bacteria.

Group 0 - The noble gases

These elements are gases and don’t react. They glow various colours when electricity is put

through them.

The transition metals

These elements are all metals. Most are hard and have high melting points.

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How many groups make up the periodic table?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Name 3 families of elements.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

In which group would you find carbon (C)?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

In which period would you find magnesium (Mg)?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

To Finish

Lesson 2: Group 1 – The Alkali Metals

Learning Outcomes:Describe the properties of Group 1 metals.Compare the reactions of Group 1 metals with water. Analyse data to predict the properties of other Group 1 metals.

The periodic table has _______________ arranged in order of increasing

____________ number. The modern periodic table was arranged by Dimitri

___________________. The horizontal rows are called _____________ and

the vertical columns are called _______________. Elements with similar

_________________ and physical properties are found in the same group.

atomic chemical period

groups elements Mendeleev s

Make a mind map of all the characteristics of metals you can think of:

Group 1 Metals

Group 1 metals are much softer and more reactive than most other metals.

The alkali metals also have low densities. They are low enough for the first three (lithium, sodium and potassium) to float on water

Watch the video of group 1 metals reacting with water and record your observations.

Why do you think it is unsafe to demonstrate the other group 1 metals in a school?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83eq5HyG-tI

Watch the video

All the Group 1 elements are very reactive. They must be stored under oil to keep air and water away from them. Group 1 elements form alkaline solutions when they react with water, which is why they are called alkali metals

All the alkali metals react vigorously with cold water. In each reaction, hydrogen gas is given off and the metal hydroxide is produced

Metal Observation

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Write equations for the reactions of group 1 metals with water.

LithiumWord: ________________________________________________________

Symbol: _______________________________________________________

SodiumWord: ________________________________________________________

Symbol: _______________________________________________________

PotassiumWord: ________________________________________________________

Symbol: _______________________________________________________

What products are made when alkali metals react with water?

Hydrogen gas A metal hydroxide (alkali – turns universal indicator purple)

We show this using the equation:

Metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Example:

Lithium + waterLithium

hydroxide+ hydrogen

2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2

Predict what the reaction between francium and water would be like.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describe the trend in the melting points of the group 1 metals.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Predict the melting point of francium.______________________________________________________________

2 Comparing densities

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True or false?

Lesson 3: Group 7 – The Halogens

Learning Outcomes:Describe physical properties of non-metals.Describe patterns of reactivity of the halogens. Analyse data to predict the properties or position of halogens.

In and On: Complete the crossword using the clues and your periodic table.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7b2aBKa6-U

The Halogens – Group 7

Fluorine

Chlorine

Bromine

Iodine

Astatine

Appearance –pale yellow gas Added to toothpaste and drinking

water to prevent tooth decay

Melting point: -219°C

Boiling point: -188°C

Highly toxic and corrosive

Appearance – pale green gas

Used as a disinfectant (kills bacteria) in bleach and

swimming pools

Melting point: -101°C

Boiling point: -34°C

Toxic – irritates skin and eyes

Appearance –brown/orange

liquidUsed as a pesticide and a disinfectant in hot tubs

Melting point: -7°C

Boiling point: 59°C

Toxic – causes skin burns

Antiseptic – used to clean skin before an operation

Melting point: 114°C

Boiling point: -184°C

Appearance – grey solid, produces a purple gas

when heated

Toxic – irritates skin and eyes

Appearance –black solid Used in some cancer treatments

Melting point: 302°CBoiling point: 380°C

Rarest natural element on Earth. Highly radioactive

What are some of the basic properties of non-metals?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyP8zhS9c5c

To Finish

Can you answer this past GCSE question about the halogens?

Lesson 4: Analysing wider patterns in the periodic table

In and On:

Can you get to the target? You can only use each number once.

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Use Element Reason

Filling party balloons

Making jewellery

Disinfectant

Street lights

Light-up signs and adverts

Lightbulbs

Thermometers

Nuclear power stations

Anaesthetic

Buildings and construction

Circuits and electronics

Aeroplane manufacture

On the next page match the element with its use by colouring them in the same colour.

Once you have matched each element, complete the table below

helium

a gas that is less dense than

air

filling party balloons to

make them float

gold

a pretty, shiny, unreactive

metal

making jewellery

chlorine

an elements that kills

bacteria

disinfectant in bleach and

swimming pools

sodium

a metal that gives out

yellow light when heated

street lights

neon

a gas which can be used to

produce a bright light in a

variety of colours

stored in tubes to make

light-up signs and adverts

tungsten

a metal that glows white

when electricity passes

through it

lightbulbs

mercury

a metal that is liquid at

room temperature and

expands when heated

thermometers

uranium

a highly radioactive

element

producing electricity in

nuclear power stations

xenon

a noble gas that causes

sleepiness if inhaled

anaesthetic in operations

aluminium

very lightweight but strong

metal

buildings and construction

copper

a metal with a very high

electrical conductivity

circuits and electronics

titanium

a metal with a very

high low density

aeroplane manufacture

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Draw a graph showing the melting points of the elements in the table and another showing the boiling points. Set out your graph with elements on the horizontal (X) axis and temperature on the vertical (y) axis.

Melting Point Graph

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Boiling Point Graph

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Lesson 5: Atoms, Elements and CompoundsIn and On:

How many elements can you find hidden in this wordsearch?

Learning Outcomes:Describe the structure of an atom.Explain the terms atom, element, compound and mixture.Deduce the ratio of different elements in compounds.

All matter is made up of atoms.

An atom is the basic ‘building block’ of an element that cannot be chemically broken down.

Watch the video and write down the 3 things that make up an atom.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFLH_0B4ZLg

Positive particle in the nucleus:_____________________

Neutral particle in the nucleus:_____________________

Negative particle that orbits the nucleus:_____________________

• A mixture is an impure substance made from different elements or compounds mixed together that are not chemically joined.

• Mixtures can usually be separated by physical techniques such as filtering and distillation.

• Air is a mixture that contains the elements nitrogen, oxygen and argon, and also the compound carbon dioxide

Key Definitions

Atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Element

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Compound

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Mixture

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Under each picture write element, compound or mixture.

Compounds

The periodic table contains all the known elements. Each element is given a symbol made up of 1 or 2 letters.

Compounds, such as water (H2O), don’t have their own symbol because they are made of 2 or more elements chemically joined together.

Instead, water has a formula which shows which elements are joined together to make it.

H2O

Water

What elements make up water?

Hydrogen Oxygen

This tell us how many atoms we have. If there is no number it means we have 1.In this case we have 2 X hydrogen atoms1 X oxygen atomsIn each water molecule

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Match up the formulae to the element or compound it represents.

Identify the elements present in each of these compounds, and work out how many atoms of each element there are.

Water

Which elements are in water?

______________________________________________________________

How many atoms of each are there?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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To Finish

Lesson 6: Understanding Compounds

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In and On:

Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.

1) Board game: carbon, helium, two sulfurs

2) Relative: sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen

3) Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4) Group of fish: sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, aluminium

5) For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen

6) Make up your own!

Learning Outcomes:Describe the properties of elements and compounds.Safely conduct an experiment to make a compound.Compare the properties of a compound with its elements.

How many properties of magnesium and oxygen can you list?(hint: Think about properties you know about metals and non metals)

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

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Metals react with oxygen in the air to produce metal oxides.We show this using the equation:

Metal + oxygen → metal oxide

Example:Lithium + Oxygen → Lithium oxide

Watch the video of the experiment showing magnesium being burned in a crucible.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9RSy_ean3A

30g

32.8g

30g

1._____________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________

6._____________________________________________________

7._____________________________________________________

8._____________________________________________________

To Finish

Using what we learned last lesson, write the formula for each structure.

1. Hydrogen

2. Oxygen

3. Water

4. Methane

5. Carbon monoxide

6. Carbon Dioxide

7. Nitrogen

8. Ammonia

In and On:

Lesson 7: Chemical Reactions

These elements are missing their vowels; can you work out what they are?

1) Crbn

2) Hydrgn

3) Xygn

4) Sdm

5) Lmnm

6) Dn

Learning Outcomes:Deduce the names of simple compounds.Deduce the names of complex compounds.Write equations to represent chemical reactions.

1. CaO ________________________________________________________

2. AlBr3 _______________________________________________________

3. KI __________________________________________________________

4. MgCl2 _______________________________________________________

5. Li2O ________________________________________________________

6. BeS ________________________________________________________

7. CsF _________________________________________________________

8. BaBr2 _______________________________________________________

Rules:

1. The first part of the name comes from the metal

2. The second part of the name comes from the non-metal,

with the ending changed to ‘ide’

Example 1: NaCl

What elements do we have? Sodium and Chlorine

Which is the metal? Sodium

What will its name be? Sodium chloride

Example 2: K2O

What elements do we have? Potassium and oxygen

Which is the metal? potassium

What will its name be? Potassium oxide

1. CaCO3 ______________________________________________________

2. NaOH _______________________________________________________

3. ZnSO4 _______________________________________________________

4. Li2CO3 ______________________________________________________

5. NaNO3 ______________________________________________________

6. AgOH _______________________________________________________

7. FeSO4 _______________________________________________________

8. KNO3 _______________________________________________________

9. CuCO3 ______________________________________________________

10. Mg(OH)2 ___________________________________________________

Patterns for complex compounds:

OH: ____________________ SO4: ____________________

NO3: ____________________ CO3: ____________________

Naming complex compounds

The elements we have looked at so far have just had 2 elements in them. Compounds with 3 or more elements are more difficult, but there are some patterns:

1. OH together is called hydroxide

eg. KOH

2. SO4 together is called sulfate

eg. CuSO4Copper sulfate

Potassium hydroxide

3. NO3 together is called nitrate

eg. LiNO3 Lithium nitrate

4. CO3 together is called carbonate

eg. MgCO3 Magnesium carbonate

Complete the following word equations:

Magnesium + Oxygen → _____________________________

Iron + Sulfur → ________________________________

Sodium + Chlorine → ________________________________

Zinc + Sulfur → ________________________________

Lithium + Oxygen → ________________________________

Tin + Bromine → ________________________________

Titanium + Fluorine → ________________________________

Nickel + Sulfur → ________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In and On:

Lesson 8: Polymers

Predict how long it takes for these items, which are commonly thrown away, to biodegrade.

Learning Outcomes:Explain what a polymer is.Explain how the properties of polymers affect function.Evaluate consequences of plastic use.

Polymers are very large molecules formed when many small molecules, called monomers, joined together.

Strong bonds hold the atoms together in long chains.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00w5hcq

Polymers are ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Some polymers are natural, and some are synthetic (man-made). This means that polymers are used for many different things.

Use the information to complete the table. For each polymer you should include:

• Name

• Whether it is natural or synthetic

• What the monomer is called

• How its properties (what it is like) help it to do its job

Uses of Polymers

DNA

• DNA is a natural polymer made up of monomers called nucleotides

• Can coil up very tightly so it can fit inside cells and store the genetic information

• Fun fact: humans share about 50% of their DNA with cabbages

Keratin

• Keratin is a type of protein (a natural polymer) made up of amino acid monomers

• Can self-assemble into fibres making it very tough and strong

• Fun fact: fingernails, hair, hooves and horns are all made of keratin

Cellulose

• Cellulose is a natural polymer made up of the monomer glucose

• It has a high tensile strength so it is used to make plant cell walls which support the cell and help plants stand upright

• Fun fact: cellulose is used to make paper and cardboard, and can also be converted to biofuel

Rubber

• Rubber is a natural polymer made of the monomer isoprene

• It is stretchy and waterproof, making it durable and used to make tyres and shoe soles

• Fun fact: rubber is extracted from trees as a liquid in a process called tapping

Polythene

• Polythene is a synthetic polymer made of the monomer ethene

• It is very lightweight but strong, which is why it is used to make carrier bags

• Fun fact: more than 1 million plastic bags are used every year worldwide

Polystyrene

• Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made of the monomer styrene

• It is an excellent thermal insulator so is used for hot drinks containers

• Fun fact: 98% of the polystyrene you hold is air

Nylon

• Nylon is a synthetic polymer made of monomers called a diamine and a diacid

• It is a dirt-resistant fabric making it easy to wash, so it is favoured for sportswear

• Fun fact: the first commercial use of nylon was for toothbrush bristles

Kevlar

• Kevlar is a synthetic polymer made of monomers called a diamine and a diacid

• It has very strong bonds between strands making it very tough, which is why it is used in body armour

• Fun fact: kevlar can also be used in aeroplane parts and ping-pong paddles

Jjj

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Jjj

Jjj

Jjj

Jjj

Jjj

Jjj

Jjj

Choose from the table below the polymer that would be best suited for making:1. a disposable cup for hot drinks,2. clothing,3. a measuring cylinder.Give reasons for each choice.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. How are the monomers made?

_________________________________________________________2. What happens to waste in the landfill?

_________________________________________________________3. What are the hazards of leachate?

________________________________________________________4. How many ocean garbage patches are there?

_________________________________________________________5. Why are these a problem for wildlife?

_________________________________________________________

Whilst plastics are incredibly useful polymers, there are some problems with their use.Watch the video and answer the questions.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6xlNyWPpB8

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Create a poster encouraging people to recycle or reuse their plastic items.

In and On:

Lesson 9: Composites and Ceramics

Solve the anagrams of some key words for this topic.

1) Moat

2) Yplorem

3) Onalheg

4) Idoper

5) Meetnel

6) Dupomcon

Learning Outcomes:Describe examples and uses of composites.Describe examples and uses of ceramics.Explain how the properties of composites and ceramics affect their function.

Composites

Ancient bricks were made of mud and straw – they are examples of early composite materials.

Watch the video and answer the questions.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYqCnEvTRUQ

1. What did the brick maker find when he added straw to the clay?

_________________________________________________________2. What is a composite?

_________________________________________________________3. If you mix cement and gravel what composite do you form?

________________________________________________________4. Why make composites?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Why wouldn’t you make a bridge out of cement?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. What need to be added to concrete to make it strong enough for bridge decking?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Composites

7. What are some of the properties of materials that composites allow us to

control?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. What two things do composites have in common?

_________________________________________________________9. Why are graphite and boron fibres used in the field of aerospace?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. Where are composites used?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Watch the video on the use of composites in aeroplanes and answer the questions.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QefahsmfH8Q

1. What type of composite was used in aeroplanes in the past?

_________________________________________________________2. Why was this composite used?

_________________________________________________________3. Which composite is used for the new aeroplanes?

________________________________________________________4. Why is this composite used now?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ceramic materials are ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ceramics

List some examples of ceramics:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ceramic means ‘out of pottery’. Ceramics are non-metallic solids which are formed by the action of heat followed by cooling.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Make a list of properties of ceramic materials.When you finish, explain why ceramic materials were chosen for the following jobs.

Material Conductelectricity

Relative Hardness

Melting point oC

Stretch before breaking (%)

A No 9.0 3532 5

B Yes 7.5 2100 10

C No 2.0 130 72

D No 8.4 4099 3

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Using your knowledge of the properties of ceramics which materials from the table are likely to NOT be ceramics? Explain how you came to your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To Finish

Glossary: Periodic table A table of all the known elements in order of atomic

number.

Period Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

Group Vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

Atomic number Number of an element in the periodic table.

Alkali metals The group 1 family of elements, which all react quickly with water.

Halogens A group of non-metal elements to the right of the Periodic Table, that includes chlorine.

Noble gas Unreactive gas in group 0 of the periodic table.

Melting point Temperature at which a solid changes state to a liquid.

Density Mass of material per unit volume.

Toxic Poisonous.

Atom Basic building block of an element that cannot be chemicallybroken down.

Element Substance made up of only one type of atom.

Compound Atoms of elements combine to form compounds; these compounds have different properties to the elements they contain.

Product Substance made in a chemical reaction.

Reactant Starting substance in a chemical reaction.

Polymer Large molecule made up of a very long chain of smaller molecules.

Monomer A small molecule that becomes chemically bonded to other monomers to form polymers.

Ceramic An inorganic, non-metallic solid prepared by heating and then cooling substances such as clay. 56