Kosher and Halal

Barry Brakenhoff MVO Course Food & Feed Safety of Vegetable Oils and Fats

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Kosher and Halal and כשר حالل

Goal

• To give a better understanding of what kosher and halal food regulations are all about

• To give a better understanding of what implications are

What do the Words Themselves Mean? • Kosher = Fit or Proper • Treyf = Not Kosher • For jewish people

• Halal = Lawful • Haram = Prohibited • For muslims

What makes a product kosher or halal is to whether it follows the religious rules required for food production. Being certified does not mean it is blessed food

Agenda

• Major Religions around the world • Kosher & halal logo

– Food laws vs Way of life – MEAT – DAIRY – ALCOHOL

• How do kosher and halal influences us? – EQUIPMENT – PROCESSING AIDS & ADDITIVES – TRANSPORT

– Summary

Major Religions of the World a brief introduction

Religions in numbers

• Christianity: 1.9 billion • Islam: 1.1 billion • Hinduism: 800 million • Buddhism: 325 million • Judaism: 13 million

Chrisitanity 32%

Muslims 20%

Judaism 1%

Nonreligios 15%

Hiduism 13%

Primal-indigenous

5% Chinese traditional

5%

Buddhism 5%

Sikhism 1%

other 3%

Kosher and Halal Logo

Kosher logo

Reason: Meat and Dairy … never mix ( Exodus 23:19)

• No specific logo ‘standard’ kosher = Kosher Parev ( Pareve) • Meat and Dairy There a only 2 major kosher logo’s to identify a kosher product contains Milk and Meat

Kosher dairy comes with the letter D • Kosher meat comes with the word ‘MEAT’

19 The choicest first-fruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk.

Kosher logo - True or False

This is the logo for kosher Parev/Pareve

This is the logo for kosher Passover

Kosher logo - True or False

Prohibited grains at Passover

No products coming from wheat, rye, barley, spelt, or oats soyabeans , rapeseeds & sunseeds are kitniyot*.

* Literally "small things," such as other grains and legumes

Halal logo • Halal does not differentiate on meat nor dairy

• Logo always contains the word the word HALAL or

حالل

Kosher and Halal Food Regulations

Religious Foods laws – Main points • (Allowed) animals • blood • Alcohol • mixing milk and meat

Certified food are marked with a logo

Meat Dairy Alcohol

Religious Foods laws – MEAT • Consume/process allowed animals • Products derived from religious slaughtered animals are also

kosher or halal

Due to requirements of religious slaughtering meat can NEVER be kosher & halal

TYPE

TALLOW … Only If it comes from kosher certified or halal certified sources (animals are slaughtered according to religious guidelines). If you can not guarantee it…. Avoid it

FISH OIL Yes,…..If it is from scaled fish So no Eel, Tuna, swordfish, Marlin, Catfish,….

LARD Under no condition Lard can be kosher nor Halal

MEAT

Religious Foods laws – DAIRY • Earlier it was said that products derived from religious slaughtered

animals are also kosher or halal

Milk, Butter, Butterfat, milk powders can be kosher or halal as long as they are from controlled halal/kosher sources

Logo wise Halal does not differentiate. Kosher Dairy comes with the letter D (Kosher Chalev)

Customer produces kosher dairy products (spraydried milk powders) Request comes in to deliver the oil Kosher Chalav (kosher milk status) Can that be done?

Religious Foods laws – DAIRY

Customer produces kosher dairy products (spraydried milk powders) Request comes in to deliver the oil Kosher Chalav (kosher milk status) Can that be done?

Religious Foods laws – DAIRY

No. Oil and Fat can never be kosher chalav, as they are not dairy ingredients Oils and Fats are certified as Kosher Parev (Kosher Neutral) so this will not effect the kosher status of the line and equipment, nor the product

Religious Foods laws – Alcohol • Grape products (restriction against product of idolatry). • Wine was commonly used in the rituals of all ancient

religions. For this reason, use of wines and other grape products made by non-Jews was prohibited

• Muslims will not consume alcohol at all

• Whole grapes are not a problem, nor are whole grapes in fruit cocktail. Considered as fruit

Wine Kosher?

Religious Foods laws – Alcohol

Wine Kosher Yes, but……. Kosher wine (Hebrew: יין כשר , yayin kashér) is grape wine produced according to Judaism's religious law, specifically, the Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) regarding wine

Religious Foods laws – Alcohol

Wine Halal?

Religious Foods laws – Alcohol

Wine Halal? NO

Religious Foods laws – Alcohol

Sep 2nd, 2009 | Nymegen, Netherlands THE DUTCH ENTREPRENEUR TANER TABAK HAS MANAGED TO PRODUCE A 100% HALAL WINE. HIS KEVSER HELAL WINE HAS BEEN AWARDED THE HALAL QUALITY CONTROL (HQC) CERTIFICATE. THIS IMPLIES THAT THERE IS ZERO PERCENT ALCOHOL IN IT FAITHFUL MUSLIMS CAN NOT DRINK ALCOHOL, THOUGH NOT EVERY BELIEVER FOLLOWS THIS RULE Read more: http://www.wijnidee.com/en/2009/09/02/first-halal-certified-wine/#ixzz1Heak1oiP

Religious Food Laws - Summary In general best option to • avoid Animal fats • avoid Marine oils • avoid Alcohol

– But also e.g. Redwine vinegar, grapejuice (grape derivatives) • avoid Dairy products • avoid Chocolate compounds (may contain e.g milkpowders)

And if something goes wrong… talk to and inform them without restriction. So they can make a good judgment. There is often more possible than you think

Religious Food Laws - Summary • Avoid Blood • Avoid Carion (derivatives of dead animals) • Avoid Alcohol

– But also e.g. Redwine vinegar, grapejuice (grape derivatives) • Avoid Dairy products • Avoid Chocolate compounds (may contain e.g milkpowders)

And if something goes wrong… talk to and inform them without restriction. So they can make a good judgment. There is often more possible than you think

What if no kosher nor halal is available? • If one is forced because there is no other choice, neither craving

nor transgressing, there is no sin on him. Surah 2:173

• We have agreed in the case of saving a soul he may be given to eat even unclean things, until his eyes are lightened from death".Talmud, for instance B. Yoma 83a

How do kosher and halal influence us?

• Utensils (pots, pans, plates, etc.) must be religious clean in order to prepare a meal

• A utensil picks up the kosher/halal status of the food. Forbidden foods thus changes to

status of your utensil to non-religious Additional for kosher • Kosher status can be transmitted from the food to the utensil or from the

utensil to the food only in the presence of heat, thus if you are eating cold food in a non-kosher establishment, the condition of the plates is not an issue

• If you are going to use a dishwasher in a kosher home, you either need to have separate dish racks or you need to run the dishwasher in between meat and dairy loads

Same principle that applies to utensils, dishwasher etc, applies in our daily practice to pumps, pipes, tanks, trucks, flexible hoses,....

Religious Foods laws vs Equipment

Citric acid is bought from Kosher certified supplier. Primarily it is bought from certified supplier A

Kosher Certified Producer of Citric

Acid YOU

kosher

(Re)Packer No Certified Producer of Citric Acid

Not kosher

Someday company X switches from bulk to packed ( IBCs). Although it is the same product Kosher status is at stake Packer was not acceptable to Rabbinate as this company (re)packs citric acid from various uncontrolled sources

Religious Foods laws vs Proc. Aids & Add

• Seagoing vessels stows 5 compartments of which 1 with Tallow olein, 4 with CPO

• Ship has combined boiler system • Compartments share metal wall construction

Comp 1 Comp. 2 Comp. 3 Comp.4 Comp. 5

heater

Small leakage in wall construction or heating system might contaminate CPO compartments

Religious Foods laws – Wrong Transport

Heating system…

• No shared boiler systems • Compartments do not share metal wall construction.

Comp 1 Comp. 2 Comp. 3 Comp.4 Comp. 5

heater

heater

heater

Avoid contamination at any stage. Transport/ storage/ production/ transport….

Religious Foods laws – Right Transport

For Halal no hard requirements regarding transport. Advise to follow kosher rules.

Religious Foods laws – Right Transport

● Use Kosher trucks if possible

● Else trucks were 3 previous cargoes are “Kosher neutral”

• no animal

• no dairy

• no alcohol

• no chocolate compounds

Truck Kosherization Simplified • Cold products: Simple washing, drain, dry • Hot products (>50 C): Normal cleaning, 24 hr idle time, flood with boiling water,

drain, dry

For Halal no hard requirements regarding transport. Advise to follow kosher rules

Summary • Avoid Contamination

– in supply chain, storage, process and transport • Transport

– Dedicated trucks or – Paper give up of 3 previous cargoes

• Storage – Mind tank status when external storage

• Process – Mind status of processing aids and additives

Kosher and Halal Questions?