Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect. There is no source...
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1 " Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect. There is no source of dignity like knowledge" Imam Ali – Nahjul Balagha sermon 113 Name:______________________ Islamic date became/will become baligh: _____________ My Buloogh Manual
Transcript of Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect. There is no source...
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" Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect.
There is no source of dignity like knowledge"
Imam Ali – Nahjul Balagha sermon 113
Name:______________________
Islamic date became/will become baligh: _____________
My Buloogh Manual
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FIQH SYLLABUS
TOPIC 1: AQAAID
USOOL E DEEN
FUROO E DEEN
TOPIC 2: IMPORTANCE OF FIQH
TOPIC 3: TAQLID
TOPIC 4: HIJAB
TOPIC 5: INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAT
TOPIC 6: MUTAHIRRAT
TOPIC 7: HARAM/HALAAL
TOPIC 8: WUDHOO
TOPIC 9: GHUSL
TOPIC 10: JABIRA
TOPIC 11: TAYAMUM
TOPIC 12: INTRODUCTION TO ADHAN AND IKAMAH
TOPIC 13: SALAAH
A. SALAATUL JAMAAT
B. SALAATUL QASR
C. SALAATUL AYAAT
TOPIC 14: KHUMS
TOPIC 15: FASTING
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TOPIC 1: AQAAID
Usool-e-deen are the roots of our religion. They are also called Aqaaid, which
means our beliefs. They are five in number.
A
TAWHEED
ADAALAT
NABUWWAT
IMAAMAT
QIYAAMAT
Oneness of God
Justice of God
Prophethood
Day of
Judgement
Successors of the
Prophet
USOOL E DEEN ARE ROOTS OF RELIGION. THERE ARE 5.
THESE ARE TAWHEED, ADAALAT, NUBUWWAT, IMAAMAT & QIYAAMAT
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EXERCISE 1 – USOOL-E-DEEN
Just like a strong tree needs strong roots, good Muslim needs to understand and
believe strongly in the roots of religion.
In the picture below, fill in the meanings of the Arabic words for the Usool-e-Deen.
TAWHEED ADAALAT NABUWWAT IMAAMAT QIYAAMAT
I
S
L
A
M
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1: TAWHEED
Tawheed (Oneness of God)
Tawheed means that:
- Allah is One. - He does not have any partner. - He has no parents or children. - He does not need anything and everything needs Him. - There is nothing equal to Him.
The Surah that best explains Tawheed is Suratul Ikhlas (Tawheed)
Allah is everywhere and He can see everything we do – we will have to answer
to Him for everything we do and say, so we must always THINK before we do
or say anything because even if others don’t see us – Allah DOES!!
EXERCISE 2 – TAWHEED:
There is a short Surah of the Holy Qur'an called at-Tawheed (Sura No.112).
Read the translation and then write down: Remember to perform Wudhu before
touching the writings of Qur’an.
1. What does the first verse say about Allah?
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2. What does the second verse say about His needs?
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3. What does the third verse say about His children and parents?
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4. What does the last verse say about Allah?
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2: ADAALAT (JUSTICE OF GOD)
Adaalat means that Allah is Just. He is not a tyrant. He will reward everybody
according to his or her deeds. When the word Justice is used for Allah, it means that
He keeps a balance between the needs of all His creatures.
Sometimes we think that Justice means fairness and injustice means unfairness.
This is not completely correct.
Justice is that Allah gives you what you need/deserve and not what you want
according to his knowledge. For example a mother has three children but buys a pair
of shoes for only one child. The other two might complain that it is not ‘fair’, however,
the child that got the pair of shoes needed one as his old pair was old and tattered.
This is what justice is.
EXERCISE 3: ADAALAT:
Whenever we pray to Allah to forgive us for our sins, we are taught to ask Allah
to judge us through His Mercy and not through His Justice.
Discuss it with your teacher, family and friends and write down in your own
words what you think.
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3: NABUWWAT (PROPHETHOOD)
Nabuwwat means Prophethood. It calls for the belief in the Prophets sent by Allah from time to time to guide the people. Allah sent 124,000 in all. Prophet Adam (A) was the first prophet and Prophet Muhammad (S) was the last prophet sent by Allah. When Allah created us, it was so that we should worship Him. If he had not sent down Prophets (A) to guide us, how would we have known what to do to please Him? It was because He wanted us to find Him that He sent so many Prophets (A) to teach and guide us. EXERCISE 4: NABUWWAT: Last year you learnt about the Prophets too. See what you can remember and answer the questions below.
1. Name the Ulul Azm Prophets: a. _________________________
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
d. _________________________
e. _________________________
2. Certain Prophets had books revealed to them. They were:
a. Prophet _________________
b. Prophet _________________
c. Prophet _________________
d. Prophet _________________
3. The Books revealed to them were?
a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c. ______________________
d. ______________________
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4: IMAAMAT (SUCCESSORS OF THE PROPHET)
Aimmah = Plural of Imam After the death of Prophet Muhammad (S) the duty of guiding the Muslims was the responsibility of the Aimmah (A). Allah chose 12 Aimmah (A). Imam Ali (A) was the first and Imam Mahdi (A) is the last Imam. By the will of Allah he is still alive today. He is the Imam (A) of our time. One day a man made a very clever machine. Many people found the machine useful and used it all the time. Before he died, the man taught his student how to fix the machine if it ever got spoilt. After his death, whenever the people had any questions about their machines, they would go to the student, and he would always answer their questions. Similarly, although the Prophet (S) had brought all the laws of Islam, after his death there needed to be someone who could answer the peoples’ questions. These were the Aimmah (A), who were chosen by Allah to carry on with the Prophet’s (S) work. EXERCISE 5: IMAAMAT: List the names of all our Aimmah in order. See how many you can remember by yourself before asking for help. 1st Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
2nd Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
3rd Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
4th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
5th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
6th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
7th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
8th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
9th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
10th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
11th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
12th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
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5: QIYAAMAT (DAY OF JUDGEMENT)
Qiyaamat means the Day of Judgement or Resurrection. The day when everyone will be brought back to life to account for their deeds. Then, according to their deeds, they will either be rewarded by being sent to Heaven or punished by being sent to Hell. There was a Muslim boy who used to steal sweets from the Corner Shop. He used to do it secretly and hide everything in his room. One day his friend came visiting and saw all the sweets in his room. Now the boy was terrified. Would the boy tell someone what he had seen? How would the boy face his family and friends in the mosque? He could not sleep at nights as he worried about everybody finding out about his stealing. What a strange boy! He was more scared of his friend than of Allah. Allah sees all we do and there will be a day when we will have to account for all we have done. That will be the Day of Judgement. EXERCISE 6 - DISCUSSION ON USOOL-E-DEEN Can you remember the answers to the following questions without looking at the notes in your manual? Try and see…
1. Why did Allah send Prophets (A)?
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2. Why do we need the Aimmah (A)?
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3. Why did Allah keep a Day of Judgement?
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Qiyaamat
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FUROO-E-DEEN
Furoo-e-deen are the branches of religion. They are the acts of worship that we do when
we have understood the Usool-e-deen. There are 10 Furoo-e-deen altogether.
1. Salaat (Daily Prayers)
We offer Wajib Salaat 5 times a day daily.
There are 17 Raka’ats in the Daily Prayers:
Fajr has 2;
Dhohr has 4;
‘Asr has 4;
Maghrib has 3 &
Eisha has 4.
Question:
There are other Wajib Salaat and some Mustahab Salaat too. Can you write down one of
each by yourself? If not then ask your parents for help and if they cannot remember any
then you all can look in the Islamic Laws Book.
Wajib Salaat = _________________________________________________
Mustahab Salaat = ______________________________________________
2. Sawm (Fasting in the Month of Ramadhan)
Fasting is Wajib for every Muslim who
is Baligh, for the whole lunar month of
Ramadhan every year.
It starts at Subhe Sadiq and ends at the time of
Maghrib. During this time we cannot eat or drink anything.
Question:
There are other Wajib fasts and some Mustahab, Makruh and Haraam fasts too. Can you
write down one of each by yourself? If not, then ask your parents for help and if they
cannot remember then you all can look in the Islamic Laws Book.
Wajib fast = ____________________________________________________
Mustahab fast = ________________________________________________
Makruh fast = __________________________________________________
Haraam fast = __________________________________________________
IFTAR
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3. Haj (Pilgrimage to Makka)
Every Muslim has to go to Makka once in their life-time for Pilgrimage
when they can afford to go. Millions of Muslims from all over the
world go every year to perform the Haj.
Question:
Do you think a person who is physically disabled can go for Haj? Ask
your family, relatives and friends who have been for Haj if they have seen any people
there who are on wheel chairs performing Haj and how they performed all the Wajib Acts
and write it down below.
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4. Zakaat – E-Maal
Zakaat is paid on certain items and is given to needy Shia Muslims.
Question:
After the month of Ramadhan is over, on Eid day our parents give a Zakaat. Ask them the
name of the Zakaat they give and write it down below.
Zakaat-e- ________________________________
5. Khums (Islamic Tax)
Everyone has to pay 1/5th of their year's savings. The money is divided
between Saadaat (descendants of the Prophet (S) and our 12th Imam (A);
during his Ghaibat. It is given to the Mujtahid of whose taqlid one is
following.
Question:
Do you know who introduced Khums? Ask someone at home about it and write down the answer below:
Khums was introduced by _____________________________________
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6. Jihaad (To Fight for Allah)
Jihad means to strive to follow Islam to the best of our
ability and in the best way we can. It also means striving
in the path of Allah in response to the call from the
Prophet (S) or the Imam (A) of the time.
7. Amr bil Ma'roof (Guide others to the Good)
If we see someone who is not doing a good action, we should encourage him to do it. This is
called Amr bil Ma’roof.
8. Nahy ‘anil Munkar (Stop others from doing evil)
If we see someone doing a bad action, we should try to stop him from doing it. This is called
Nahy ‘anil Munkar.
9. Tawalla (To be the friends of the friends of Ma’sumeen (A))
The Prophet (S) has said: “Whoever pleases my family, has pleased me,
and whoever annoys them, has annoyed me.”
Tawalla means to love and follow the teachings of the 14 Ma’sumeen
(A) and to keep friends with their followers.
10. Tabarra (To be the enemies of the enemies of Ma’sumeen (A))
Tabarra means to keep away from the people who do not love or follow the
teachings of the 14 Ma’sumeen (A).
FUROO E DEEN ARE BRANCHES OF RELIGION. THERE ARE 10.
THESE ARE SALAAT, SAWM, HAJ, ZAKAAT, KHUMS, JIHAD, AMR BIL MA’ROOF,
NAHY ‘ANIL MUNKAR, TAWALLA & TABARRA
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EXERCISE 7: FUROO-E-DEEN
Match the meanings with the appropriate Furoo-e-Deen. Try and do it without looking at
the notes in your manual.
FUROO-E-DEEN MEANING
1. Salaat A) Stop others from doing evil
2. Sawm B) To be enemies of the enemies of Ma’sumeen (A)
3. Haj C) Guide others to the Good
4. Zakaat D) Daily Prayers
5. Khums E) To be friends of the friends of Ma’sumeen (A)
6. Jihad F) Fasting
7. Amr bil Ma'roof G) Islamic Tax
8. Nahy anil Munkar H) Charity
9. Tawalla I) Pilgrimage
10. Tabarra J) To Strive in the path of Allah
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TOPIC 2: IMPORTANCE OF FIQH
Imporatance of fiqh
Islam teaches us that our true destination and abode is the Hereafter (Akhira) and
that this world is merely a temporary station that will eventually wither away. Our
bodies have been created to sustain us in this world, but our souls will remain alive
even in the Hereafter after we die. Our lives in this world have been given to us as a
trial period so that we can worship Allah and submit to His will. By doing this we
become closer to Him and we will have a better Hereafter.
According to Islamic teachings, Allah created human beings to worship Him and
submit to His will. Part of this worship and submission is abiding by the laws and
rules that Allah has laid down. These are known as ‘Ahkam’ (Note ‘ahkam’ is the
plural of ‘hukm’) or orders of Allah.
‘Fiqh’ literally means to understand and comprehend something clearly. In a
technical sense, it refers to the science of religious law, or jurisprudence.
Therefore, in order to gain closeness to Allah, we must submit to Him and follow His
orders. To do this, we must learn and understand the rules and regulations he has
made for us.
Islamic Laws are derived from two main sources of evidence, and two secondary
sources of evidence:
a. Qur’an
b. Ahadeeth of Holy Prophet and the Ahlul Bayt
c. Aql (Intellect)
d. Ijma (consensus opinion of early scholars)
The Holy Qur’an is the word of Allah revealed to our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).
Sunnah is made up from the sayings, actions and the silent approval of the Holy
Prophet (P.BU.H) and the Holy Imams.
There are over 6000 verses of the Qur’an and around 70,000 reports regarding the
conduct of the Ahlul Bayt.
Our Ahadith greatly emphasise the importance of learning Islamic Laws. Some of
them say that if a Muslim does not know these laws then he is close to disbelief and
hypocrisy.
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راب بقيعة ل يزيد سرعة سيره إل بعد ائر على الس ا العامل على غير بصيرة كالس
One who strives without understanding is like a person striving for water from a
mirage in a desert. The faster he goes, the further he gets from the water.
احونة يدور و ل يبرح د على غير فقه كحمار الط المتعب
A worshipper without understanding (fiqh) is like the donkey of a mill who goes
around (the mill) but does not reach a destination.
Our aqaid (beliefs) give us a sense of direction and destination, whilst the fiqh shows
us the path of how to reach that destination. A person who goes on the journey
without a sense of direction is likely to get further away from his goal and similarly a
person who performs acts of worship without knowing his beliefs and understanding
the philosophy of these acts of worship is also likely to get away from the right path.
Just like we would follow instructions on a map to find the treasure in the same way
we would have to follow the laws and rituals of the Shariah to get closer to Allah.
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TOPIC 3: TAQLID
In all parts of our life, we need the advice of people who are experts in that
field. In the same way, in the matter of Islamic laws, we must obey the rulings
of the experts of that law – this is called Taqlid.
Taqlid means obeying Islamic Laws according to the ruling of a Mujtahid.
Mujtahid is an expert in the ruling of Islamic Laws.
Muqallid is a person who does Taqlid, that is follows the orders of the Mujtahid.
Every Baligh male and female has to follow the rules regarding Furoo-e-deen. E.g. how to perform Salaat, rules of fasting, how to perform Haj, etc
Upon becoming Baligh, you should make Niyyat (intention) that you will act or follow
one Mujtahid – who is the most knowledgeable - and perform all your Wajibaat
according to the rules he has set out.
We are at the present time doing Taqlid of
Ayatullah al-Uzama Syed Ali Seestani (of Najaf, Iraq)
GIRLS BECOME BALIGHA UPON COMPLETION OF THEIR NINTH LUNAR YEAR (ACCORDING TO THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR) AND AFTER THAT ALL WAJIBAAT BECOME APPLICABLE UPON THEM. BOYS BECOME BALIGH WHEN THEY REACH PUBERTY OR UPON COMPLETION OF FITEEN YEARS, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST.
EXERCISE 1 – BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO TAQLID
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EXERCISE 8:
Try and answer the following questions without looking at your notes:
1. Who is a Mujtahid?
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2. What does Taqlid mean and when does it become Wajib?
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3. What does Muqallid mean?
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4. Who do you do Taqlid of? Look for a photo of him and stick it in the space provided.
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TOPIC 4: HIJAB
“Say unto the believer men to cast down their gaze and guard their private
parts; that are purer for them. Verily Allah is Well-Aware of what you do.
And say unto the believing women that they cast down their gaze and guard
their private parts; and do not display their adornment (Zeenat) except what
becomes apparent of it; and to draw their headcovers (Khumur) over their neck
slits (Juyoob); and not to display their ‘Zeenat’ except to their husbands..” (An-
Noor, 24:31,32 part)
CRITERIA OF HIJAB:
1. CLOTHING SHOULD BE LOOSE 2. IT SHOULD NOT BE ATTRACTIVE
3. IT SHOULD NOT BE TRANSPARENT 4. NO MAKE UP
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TOPIC 5: INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAAT
Najasaat means those things which are considered unclean by Shariat. Najasaat are unclean by themselves and make other things unclean when touched.
For anything to become Najis (unclean) it has to touch something that is Najis and even then the Najasat can only spread if either one or both the things are wet. SO… a dry Najasat does not make another dry thing Najis.
Some of the Najasaat are: Urine and Stool
Blood
Dead body
Alcohol
Pig
Kafir
Dog
NAJIS? WET?? DRY???
NAJIS? WET?? DRY???
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Leave with the
right foot
TOILET ETTIQUET: Mustahab: It is Mustahab to enter the toilet with the left foot and leave with the right foot. Haraam:
- It is Haraam to face the Qibla, or to have your back to Qibla, when sitting on the toilet. (If your toilet faces Qibla, then sit slightly sideways on it).
After urinating, wash off the Najasaat first, then:
a. if using a bottle wash twice (better thrice) and b. if washing with running water through a hose
pipe then washing once more. Makruh:
- It is Makruh to urinate whilst standing
- To urinate in pool/ sea
- It is Makruh to suppress or constrain your urge for urine or excretion, and if it is injurious to your health, it becomes Haraam.
Wajib:
- After relieving the bowels, the part of the body concerned may be cleaned with water or with a cloth or even with paper, as long as the cloth or paper used itself is Pak and dry.
- It is Wajib to use 3 separate pieces, even if the body becomes clean before that. If, however, after using 3 pieces, the body is still not clean extra pieces should be used until it becomes clean.
Enter with the left
foot
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EXERCISE 9: INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAAT Try and answer without looking at the notes. Ask for help from your teacher and parents wherever you need it. Use the Risala (Islamic Laws) too.
1. If you pat a dog when your hand is wet will your hand be Najis? Why?
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2. Zahra was making an omelette and she saw a few spots of blood on the yolk.
What will she do? Masail no. 99-105
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3. Fatema removed the najis nappy of her 18 month old baby and put him straight in
the tub of water to give him a bath. What could she have done before putting him
in the bath?
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4. Zainab was embarrassed to take water to the toilet. How would she make herself
paak after urinating?
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5. Narjis washed her namaz chadar and kept it out to dry. Her mum said a crow
soiled it. She came late from work, she just pulled it off the -line and prayed with
it, although she saw the stain. Is it ok? Explain your answer. Masail no. 85-90
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6. Sukaina knew that the carpet in her sitting room was najis. Does she have to tell
her guests before they can sit on the carpet? Explain your answer. Masail no.
140-145
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7. Aasiya was boiling macaroni and decided to put in slices of cheese. When she
went to cut the slices she cut her finger by mistake and about two drops of blood
fell into the water. The colour, taste and smell did not change. Is the macaroni
cheese paak? Explain your answer. Masail no. 100-105
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8. Salma got hurt and the blood dried under her nail. Later she prayed with normal
Wudhu. Do you think her Wudhu is correct? Masail no. 100-105
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9. Rahma killed a mosquito which sat on her hand and saw the blood which came
out from the mosquito. Is her hand najis? Masail no. 95-100
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10. Safiya went to the dentist and had her tooth extracted. She saw a lot of blood
coming out. She tried to gargle as much as possible. Later on there was very little
blood inside the teeth which got mixed with saliva. Is the saliva najis? Masail no.
100-105
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11. Sajidah bought some ice cubes from Tesco and by the time she came to the till,
there was some moisture in the bag. She was not sure whether the Indian lady
who served her was Hindu or not. Does she have to make the packet taahir
before putting in the freezer? Masail no. 108-112
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12. Zaheera was getting her house painted and she found out that the paint contains
alcohol. What must she do? Masail No. 110-115
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13. How can you prove a certain thing is najis? Masail No. 120-125
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14. Ruksana forgot to cover the butter with the lid. Next time she saw some rat
dropping on the solidified butter. What must she do? Masail No. 128-133
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15. Mohammed went to the farm and got an opportunity to milk the cow. While he
was milking he saw some blood. He wanted to take that milk home to drink. Can
he drink that milk and why? Masail No. 98-103
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16. When Sakina went to cook, she saw blood in the chicken cubes and thought it
was najis so she washed the chicken in the bowl 3 times. Was this necessary?
Explain. Masail No. 95-100
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17. Zahira went to the toilet in the school and as she entered, the floor was wet and
the bottom for her trousers became were. She needed to pray as she knew her
namaz would become Qadha by the time she reached home after school. What
must she do? Masail No. 120-125
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TOPIC 6: MUTAHIRAAT
Mutahhiraat are those things that make Najis things Pak. 149
Water
WATER
MUTLAQ [PURE WATER]
CANNOT MAKE NAJIS
THINGS PAAK. BECOMES NAJIS WHEN
IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH NAJIS
THINGS
EXAMPLES OF MUTLAQ WATER RAIN
WATER
RUNNING WATER e.g. tap water
WELL WATER
ABE KATHIR [Still water >Kur]
ABE KALEEL [Still water < Kur]
WELL WATER
ABE KATHIR [Still water >Kur]
ABE KALEEL [Still water < Kur]
KUR
31/2span x 31/2span x 31/2span in
length, width and depth
Volume = 42.875 cubic span
MUDHAF
[MIXED WATER e.g. milk,
vinegar, soft drink, etc]
WATER WHICH HAS NOT
CHANGED COLOUR, TASTE OR SMELL.
CAN MAKE NAJIS THINGS PAAK
Water
Sun
Earth
Intiqal
Istihala
Istibra
Taba’iyat
Islam
Zawal e Ain
Inqilab
Ghaibate
Muslim
Remaining
Blood After
Slaughter
Mutahhiraat
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Water Makes Najis Things Pak If: 150
- It is Pure and not mixed - It is Pak itself - It does not become Mudhaf (mixed) when a Najis thing is being washed - No small particles remain after washing the Najis thing
Examples of cleaning Najasat with water
Earth 184
The earth makes the soles of our feet and shoes Pak if:
- The earth is Pak - The earth is dry - The Najasaat has stuck from the earth - The thing that has stuck on the sole of the foot or shoe is cleared.
7 TIMES WITH
ABE KALEEL
7 TIMES WITH
ABE KATHIR
ONCE WITH
ABE KALEEL
ONCE
WITH
ABE
KATHIR
Water that is less than Kur becomes najis
When it comes into contact with Najasaat 26
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Sun 192
The Sun makes the earth, buildings and walls Pak if:
- The Najis area is sufficiently wet so can be dried by the sun - Any Najasaat is stuck it is removed first - There is no obstruction between the Najis area and the Sun eg clouds - Only the Sun makes it dry and that it’s not too windy - The whole Najis area becomes dry in one go.
Intiqal
It literally means TRANSFER OR CHANGE OF PLACE
If an insect that is bloodless sucks the blood of human being, after a short period of
time when this blood becomes part of the insect’s body, it is Pak.
210
Islam
When a Non-Muslim believes in the Oneness of God and the Prophethood of
Muhammad (S), in whatever language, s/he becomes a Muslim and is Pak. 212
Pak Pak Pak
MOSQUITO SUCKS BLOOD OF HUMAN
AFTER SOMETIME
BLOOD OF HUMAN
BECOMES
MOSQUITO’S
BLOOD IN THE
MOSQUITO
BECOMES PAK
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EXERCISE 10: MUTAHIRAAT
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Mujtaba had washed away blood that had been on his shirt and made it paak
with water. However, there still was a trace of the colour of the blood. Is this
paak or najis? Why? Masail No. 170-175
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2. Sarah was an unbeliever who embraced Islam. Will her child be paak or not?
Why? Masail No. 215-220
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3. When Sajida’s baby wet his bed, she put the mattress against the wall in the
garden. It was a very hot day and she was sure it had dried from the direct
heat of the sun. Is the mattress paak? Why? Masail No. 190-195
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4. Just as Yasmin was about to stuff the chicken, she saw there was some blood
left in it. What should she do? Masail No. 95-100 and 230-235
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5. A dog licked the saucepan which was left in the garden. Zaynab wanted to
cook in it. How will she make it paak? Masail No. 150-155
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. How must you make a glass taahir if alcohol was served in it? Masail No.
150-155
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Masooma’s daughter who was 2 years old urinated on the carpet. How should
Masooma make the carpet taahir? Masail No. 160-165
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
28
8. Muhammad was walking home from school when he accidentally stepped on
some dog poo. How can he make the soles of his shoes paak without washing
them? Masail No. 184-188
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Muntazir’s shirt became najis with blood when he fell over and cut his elbow.
When he wanted to pray, he removed the shirt and started washing the blood.
Once the shirt was clean, he closed the tap. Should he have made his hands
paak first? Is the tap najis now? Explain. Masail No. 172-177
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Having finished eating, Maliha noticed that blood was coming out of her gums
and coming in contact with the food stuck between her teeth. Is the blood
najis? Explain. Masail No. 170-175
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. How would you make a bowl taahir which had so much blood in it? Masail No.
156-157
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Zahra got hurt and her dress became najis with blood. How would she make it
taahir? Masail No.160-165
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. Zamina who was 3 years old urinated on the wooden floor of her house. How
will the mother make that area taahir? Masail No. 180-185
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
29
TOPIC 7: HARAAM AND HALAAL
Allah says in the Holy Qur'an:
"O People, eat from the land what is permitted and good and do not follow in the footsteps of Shaitan, for he is an open enemy to you." (al Baqarah, 2:168).
Since food and drink are essential for the survival of humanity, Allah has given clear guidelines on what can and cannot be consumed. In addition we have also been instructed in manners and behaviour of eating. Thus eating and drinking becomes a way by which a Muslim remembers the bounties of Allah and by observing the rules of Shariah, he also shows his commitment to his religion. Furthermore, Allah has made the habit of eating an important factor in establishing social unity. He has encouraged the sharing of food with each other and stressed the merits of giving food to the poor and needy. This becomes obligatory when certain sins are committed, for which the Kaffara or penalty is to feed poor Muslims. Thus we can see that this subject covers a wide and important area of Islamic Shariah. Food Groups
List of Foods
FOOD
PLANTS ANIMALS
FRUITS
VEGETABLES
GRAINS
LAND CREATURES
SEA CREATURES
BIRDS
30
Halaal Haraam Makruh
Plants, Fruits, Vegetables, Grains Whales; Shark; Lobsters and Crabs
Prawns and Shrimps All reptiles
All fish that have scales and are removed alive from the water
Dog, rabbit, elephants, monkey
Domestic animals that have hoof / cloven hoof e.g. goat, cow, camel, sheep
Donkey, mule, horse
Locusts Fleas, lice
Birds such as chicken, turkey, ostrich, peacock, pigeons
Birds such as eagle, hawk, vulture, raven, crow
31
TOPIC 8: WUDHOO
Wudhu is a special way of washing that makes us spiritually clean.
Wudhu is made up of:
- washing the face downwards - washing the two arms (right first then left), downwards - wiping (Masah) the top of the head and - wiping (Masah) the upper part of the two feet (right first then left).
Wudhu is Wajib [required] for:
Wudhu is Mustahab [recommended] for:
MASHHAD - IRAN
JANNATUL BAQI - MADINA
32
CONDITIONS OF WUDHU
I am doing Wudhu
for the obedience
of Allah, Qurbatan
ilallah
ALL PARTS OF YOUR
BODY THAT YOU DO
WUDHU ON SHOULD BE
PAK
33
STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU
Wudhu is divided into
THESE ACTIONS HAVE TO DE DONE, OTHERWISE
WUDHU IS BATIL [WRONG] IF YOU DO THESE ACTIONS YOU
GET THAWAAB, BUT IF YOU DO
NOT DO IT, YOUR WUDHU IS
STILL SAHIH [CORRECT]
WAJIB ACTIONS
NIYYAT
WASH
FACE
WASH ARMS
WIPING (MASAH)
OF HEAD
WIPING (MASAH)
OF FEET
MUSTAHAB ACTIONS
WASH NOSE
GARGLE
WASH HANDS
WASHING FACE 2nd
TIME
WASHING ARMS
2nd TIME
34
35
STEP – BY – STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU
NIYYAT: WAJIB
MUSTAHAB ACTIONS:
1. WASHING YOURS
HANDS 2 times:
2. GARGLING 3 TIMES:
3. WASHING YOUR
NOSE 3 TIMES
WAJIB ACTIONS:
1. WASHING YOUR FACE:
2. WASHING YOURS ARMS:
3. MASAH OF THE HEAD
4. MASAH OF THE
FEET
I am doing Wudhu for the obedience
of Allah, Qurbatan ilallah
36
STEP- BY- STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU Washing the face First get some water in your right hand and then pour it onto your forehead, where the hair grows. You have to wash the whole length of your face, beginning from your forehead (where the hair grows) and ending at the bottom of the chin. You have to wash the whole width of your face. You do this by stretching your hand out (from your thumb to your middle finger). To make sure that the whole width has been washed, you should pass your wet hand on either side of your face. Washing of the face once is Wajib. It is Mustahab to wash your face twice – washing 3 or more times Is Haraam THE FACE AND HANDS SHOULD BE WASHED FROM ABOVE DOWNWARDS AD IF YOU WASH IT THE OPPOSITE WAY, WUDHU WILL BE BATIL. 249 Washing the arms Then you wash your arms from the elbow to the fingertips. First the right arm is washed with the left hand, then the left arm is washed with the right hand. To ensure that each elbow is washed thoroughly, you must pour water and begin wiping slightly above the elbow. Washing the arms once is Wajib. It is Mustahab to wash your arms twice – washing 3 or more times Is Haraam Masah of the head After that is done, you do Masah of the head and this is done by wiping with the three fingers (not nails) of the right hand from any part of the scalp (under the sun) up to the edge of the hair, without touching the forehead. The water of the face and head should not mix. The Masah of the head is done once only. Masah of the feet Finally you do Masah of the feet and this is done by wiping the wet fingers of the right hand over the upper part of the right foot from the tip of the skin of the toes to the ankle. Then the same is done with the left hand for the left foot. This is done once to each foot THE PARTS THAT MASAH ARE DONE ON NEED TO BE TOWEL DRY
37
THINGS THAT BREAK WUDHU: Going to the toilet. Passing Wind [Stomach Wind]
Sleeping Becoming unconscious
Whoops!! Have
to do Wudhu
again!!
38
EXERCISE 11: WUDHU
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. While doing the feet masah, Maryam moved her foot. Is her Wudhu batil?
Masail No. 260-265
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Sameera washed her feet before doing Wudhu and then did Masah on her
wet feet. Is her Wudhu okay? Masail No. 260-265
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Because of the hot weather Fatema’s hands had dried. What would she do for
the masah of the head and feet? Masail No. 262-267
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Nahid thought it was appropriate to do the masah of the feet over thin nylon
socks. What is your opinion about it? Masail no. 263-269
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Tahera was walking to perform her Wudhu when she stepped on a wet patch
on the carpet. Her mum confirmed that earlier her friend’s baby had made the
carpet najis. She dried her foot with some tissue and she said she would wash
the bottom on her foot after performing Wudhu. Is this okay? Why? Masail
No. 280-285
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Swaleha had a cut on her arm and the blood from it would not stop. She
needed to do Wudhu for her prayers. What must she do? Masail No. 280-285
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Naseera woke up for her Fajr prayers and found out she only had 2 minutes
for the namaz to become Qaza. How should she go about for her Salaah to be
Ada? Masail No. 285-290
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8 After washing the right arm, Mariam started talking to her friend and
then realised her face had dried up. What must she do? Masail No. 285-290
39
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9 Zainab was sitting in Masjidul Haram when her Wudhu broke. She did
her normal Wudhu with a bottle of water. Is her Wudhu Sahih?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10 Sakina bai could not use very cold water due to her old age. How
should she perform Wudhu?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11 Aamena was doing Wudhu, she washed her face, then she washed her
left hand then she washed her right hand, and then wiped her head then her
feet. Is her Wudhu correct? Masail No. 285-290
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12 Altaf was doing Wudhu. He had just finished washing his face when the
doorbell rang. Should he go answer the door and then finish his Wudhu when
he returns or should he finish the Wudhu first then answer the door? Masail
No. 285-290
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13 Sugra was doing Wudhu at night when again she started thinking of her
exam. She was about to put water on her left hand when she noticed her right
hand had dried up, now can she continue with her Wudhu or is it void? Masail
No. 285-290
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14 Hassan is not very well and he knew that by performing Wudhu he will
get worse; does he have to do Wudhu? Masail No. 290-295
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
15 Hussein and his friend have gone on a hike and they know that if they
use the water that they have to perform Wudhu they will not have any water
left for drinking. Do they have to do Wudhu? Masail No. 290-295
40
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16 Kawthar was doing her Wudhu and did not put water in the inner parts
of her nose, her lips and eyes. Is her Wudhu correct? Masail No. 245-250
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17 Marzia is a left handed girl. She did Wudhu of the face, then the left
hand, and then the right hand then the masah. Is her Wudhu valid? Masail
No. 285-290
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18 Naima wore a pendant with the name ‘Allah’. Is this permissible? What
about a broach with the names of any masoomeen?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
41
TOPIC 9: GHUSL
It means to have a bath in order to wash the soul.
Conditions Of Ghusl
- Water must be Pak, pure (Mutlaq) and taken with permission (Mubah) 386
- Place where Ghusl is performed must be Mubah 386
- Niyyat should be of Qurbatan ilallah 364
- All obstructions must be removed 383
Remember: There Is No Need: 378
- For the body to be washed downwards from the head 386
- For Muwalat – delay between different actions of Ghusl is allowed 386
Methods of Ghusl 366
Ghusl
Wajib Mustahab
Janabat
Mayyit
Mase Mayyit
Haidh, Nifas,
Istihadha
Nadhr /
Qasam / Ahad
Jum’a Eid ul Fitr
Refer to 651
for a whole list
Tartibi
Irtemasi
Stages or Sequence
Instant or Gradual Immersion
42
HOW TO PERFORM GHUSL
Ghusl-e-Tartibi = Ghusl in Stages & Sequence. 367
When washing right and left side, precaution to wash slightly more on the other side.
Ghusl-e-Tartibi can also be performed by washing the whole body together after
washing the head and neck
Ghusl-e-Irtemasi = Instant or Gradual immersion. 373
This is by washing the whole body at the same time – and that can only
be done by submerging the whole body into the water by diving into a
river, sea or swimming pool.
If however, you wish to perform the Ghusl-e-Irtemasi gradually, then it is
necessary that:
- The whole body is out of the water before starting the Ghusl.
- Then you submerge your body gradually into the water with the intention of Ghusl. 374
When Performing Ghusle Irtimasi In One Go, You Must Ensure That The Water
Reaches All Parts Of The Body At One Time.
Wash the left
half side of
the body
Wash the
right half
side of the
body
Wash head to neck I am doing Ghusl for
the obedience of
Allah, Qurbatan iIallah
43
EXERCISE 12: GHUSL
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Masooma was washing her left side of the body when she realised that she
had not washed her face. What will she do? Masail No. 370-375
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Tasnim passed wind while performing her Ghusl. What will she do? Masail
No. 390-395
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Mahdiyya was performing Ghusl and she had just finished washing the right
side of her body when the doorbell rang. She quickly dressed and answered
the door and realised her mother had come to visit. After her mum left several
hours later, Mahdiyya finished her Ghusl and went to pray. Was this right?
Explain. Masail No. 385-390
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
44
TOPIC 10: JABIRA
The splint with which a wound or a fractured bone is bandaged or held tight and the medication applied to a wound etc. is called JABIRA
Wudhu Al-Jabira: Wudhu on the bandage or a splint, which has been fixed on those parts of a person's body, which are related to Wudhu
Ghusl Al-Jabira: Ghusl you have to perform on a bandage or splint, which
has been fixed on any part of your body.
You would perform wudhu al-jabira when:
- The Jabira cannot be removed - Water is harmful to the wound - When there is an un-bandaged wound - When there is an un-bandaged fracture
How Would You Perform Wudhu Al-Jabira
For the unaffected areas, Wudhu will be performed as usual.
For the affected areas: - If water is not harmful, then you will pour enough water for it to go through the
Jabira 335
- If water is harmful you will place a Pak piece of cloth over the wound and pass a wet hand over that area, 332
- Also, if the Jabira is Najis, you will place a Pak piece of cloth over the Jabira then pass a wet hand over that area.
When any part of Wudhu is partly covered with a Jabira but there isn’t a
fracture – you will perform Wudhu Al-Jabira
331
45
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF JABIRA
When To Do Wudhu Al-Jabira
When To Do Wudhu Al-Jabira and Tayammum – what if Jabira is larger than
wounded area?
Face FULLY
covered in
Bandages. Or
even OPEN
FRACTURE
Hands FULLY
covered in
Bandages. Or
even OPEN
FRACTURE
Feet FULLY
covered in
bandages. Or
even OPEN
FRACTURE
Head FULLY
covered in
Bandages. Or
even OPEN
FRACTURE
Face PARTLY
covered in
Bandages.
BUT NO
FRACTURE
Hands PARTLY
covered in
Bandages. BUT
NO FRACTURE Feet PARTLY
covered in
Bandages. BUT
NO FRACTURE
Head PARTLY
covered in
Bandages. BUT
NO FRACTURE
46
JABIRA
Uncovered bandaged wound or fracture
Water not harmful Normal Wudhu is done
Bandaged Water not harmful Remove the bandage if not causing harm- do normal Wudhu
Unbandaged Water harmful to affected area
Wash adjoining area and put a Taahir cloth on the affected area and pass a wet hand over it. If there is a fracture do Tayammum
Bandaged- Taahir Not possible to remove
Cannot make water reach the wound, then the adjoining parts must be washed and wet hands passed over the bandaged parts
Wound or bandage is najis Water not harmful Remove the bandage- make the wound paak and make water reach everywhere
Wound or bandage is najis Cannot be made paak, then Tayammum should be performed
No. 332: Some parts of Wudhu bandaged If all parts of Wudhu covered If any part of Masah part has wound or fracture
Do Jabira Wudhu Do Tayammum as a precaution and also rules of Jabira
If Jabira covered more than the size of the wound and difficult to remove (No. 341)
Do Tayamum
If Jabira covered more that the size of the wound. Difficult to remove It on Tayamum area
Do Tayammum and also Jabira Wudhu
Something is stuck-not possible to remove-causes pain
Do Tayammum
Something stuck is medicine
Do Jabira Wudhu
No wound or fractured bone Water is harmful Do Tayamum No. 346. One is supposed to do Tayammum BUT if he has a fractured bone or wound on the parts of
Tayammum he should do Jabira Tayammum according to the rules of Jabira Wudhu. In all kinds of
Ghusl of Mayyit, the Jabira Ghuls is like Jabira Wudhu. One must do tartibi Ghusl only
No. 349 If a person cannot decide whether he should perform Tayammum or Jabira Wudhu, the
obligatory precaution is that one should do both
47
EXERCISE 13: JABIRA
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. There was no wound on my hand but when I use water my skin would become
tight and hurt. What will I do? Masail No. 340-345
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Ali had a small wound just at his wrist but the doctor had bandaged his hand
in such a way that the bandage started just below the wrist (where you would
wear your wrist watch) and went up to and covered his palm and the back of
his hand. He wants to pray. What will he do? Masail No. 340-345
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Water was not harmful for the wound on my elbow but it was Najis and I could
not wash it. What will I do? Masail No. 330-335
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Zahra’s palm had a wound which was bandaged, and it was possible to undo
it and water was not a problem. Can she untie it and then do Wudhu or not?
Masail No. 330-335
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Muhammad went to play cricket on Sunday but unfortunately got hit by the ball
and broke his nose. After operating on it the doctor put a bandage on it which
he said could not be removed for at least 2 weeks. How will he do Wudhu for
Salaat? Masail No. 330-335
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Is it necessary to specify whether you are dong Tayammum Ghul or Wudhu?
Masail No. 710-715
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
48
Do NOT perform Tayammum – Pray Qadha later
EARTH SAND / CLAY
STONE
SOFT EARTH
SNOW / ICE
MUD WALL
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
TOPIC 11: TAYAMMUM
We perform Tayammum when 655 - 691
There is no water available
It is not possible to get water, due to illness, weakness, or fear
It is harmful to one’s health
Using the water available will mean others will have to go without
Water is only enough to make the body or clothes Pak
There isn’t enough time to perform Wudhu or Ghusl
The only water available is Ghasbi
Tayammum can be done on 692 – 700
The Things On Which Tayammum Is Performed
- Must be PAK 700 - Must not be GHASBI or USURPED 702
49
METHOD OF PERFORMING TAYAMMUM
708
1. Niyyat
2. Strike both your palms on the thing that you are doing Tayammum on e.g. Earth
3. Put both your palms where your hair starts to grow and pull them down to the bridge of your nose.
4. Wipe The Entire Part Of The Back Of The Right Hand With The Palm Of The Left Hand And Repeat The Same With The Right Hand Over The Left
Mustahab Act:
To strike the hands on the earth again and wipe the back of the Hands again 709
Wipe the Right hand first then the Left hand
I am performing
Tayammum (give
reason) Wajib
Qurbatan ilallah
50
EXERCISE 14: TAYAMMUM
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Explain step by step how to do Tayammum. Masail No. 705-710
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Aaliya had just wiped her forehead when the doorbell rang. She answered the
door and returned to finish her Tayammum. Is this Tayammum valid and why?
Masail No. 710-715
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Sabihah had to perform serveral wajib Ghusls but could not perform them as
there was no water. What will she do? Masail No. 725-730
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. The dress Dilshad was wearing had a blood stain on it. She had enough water
to either make her dress paak for to perform Wudhu. At the same time, she
does not have anything to perform Tayammum with. She is totally confused.
What should she do? Masail No. 680-685
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Amina and her family went on a camping holiday. It was quite a dry area and
they didn’t think they would be able to find water for Wudhu. So they offered
their prayers with Tayammum. Later on in the day they did find water and
noticed that their prayers were not Qadha yet. What do you think they should
do? Masail No. 660-665
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Fatimah was frying samosas for iftar when suddenly she tipped the frying pan
onto her arm. At the hospital the doctor applied some medicine on the burnt
arm and told her to make sure she applied fresh medicine every time it came
off. This had to be done for atleast a fortnight. And she also had to ensure no
water reached the burns. What will she do for her Wudhu? Masail No. 330-
335
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
51
7. Masuma was doing her Fiqh exam and she tried to white out her mistake in
her essay, she accidentally spilt all the white out on her hands. By the time
she got home it had dried on her hands and would not wash off. At that time
she had nothing else she could use to remove it, how will she do Wudhu for
her Salaat? Masail No. 340-345
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. Hussein had a bandage on his broken ankle and he could not remember his
Jabira Masails, nor could he get a hold of his Fiqh teacher to ask him and was
not sure whether he could just perform the Ghusl or if he would have to
perform Tayammum as well. What should he have done under these
circumstances? Masail No. 344-350
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
TOPIC 12: INTRODUCTION TO ADHAN AND IKAMAH
52
Conditions of Adhan and Ikamah
It is Mustahab for every person that they should recite Adhan and Ikamah before offering their daily Wajib Salaat.
They should be recited after the time of Salaat has set in and not before.
It is Mustahab that while pronouncing Adhan, a person should be standing facing towards Qiblah, should have performed Wudhu, should place hands on ears and raise his voice.
53
TOPIC 13: SALAAT
PHILOSOPHY OF SALAAT:
The most important act of Ibadat (Worship) in Islam is Salaat (Prayer). It is an
expression of total submission to Allah (S) and a means of communication between
the Creator and His servants.
Imam Ali ibn Abi Taalib (A) has said about prayer:
"Know that every action you do will depend on your Salaat."
From this we know for a fact that is our Salaat is accepted then all other actions are
also accepted and if our Salaat is rejected then so are our other deeds.
Salaat greatly affects the lives of those who perform it. It keeps the soul of a person
free from idolatry and when carried out sincerely, it also helps to cure moral diseases
such as infidelity, hypocrisy, pride, dishonesty etc.
- By praying at the specified times, a person learns to be both disciplined and punctual.
- It gives a purpose to the lives of people and has a stabilizing effect. In times of stress, Salaat provides a place of peace where a person can forget all worries and cares and rest his weary head on the doorstep of Allah (S).
- The Holy Prophet (S) used to say to Bilal, who was the Mu'adhin of the Muslims, "Comfort me, O Bilal!" meaning that he should recite the Adhaan and call out for prayer.
Salaat is a source of piety and perfection. Through its performance a person can
discover the hidden secrets of his soul and its amazing relationship with Allah (S).
All those acts that surround it or are related to it also fall under its special influence.
For this reason we shall look at the things connected to and performed within Salaat
and study the philosophy behind each. This will help us better appreciate why we
perform it in the manner we do.
54
THE SPIRIT OF SALAAT:
Salaat, through its words, movements, prostrations, bows and supplications, provides a
person with a means of rebuilding his personality afresh.
Properly performed with understanding of the recitations and the philosophies involved, it
is a spiritual journey of sorts - a Me'raj (Heavenly Ascension) for the Believer. On the other
hand, prayer performed as a ritual and with no concentration is like a dead body without a
spirit.
As we attempt to understand and focus on our Salaat, it may help to choose a place that is
simple, quiet and private when praying to avoid any distractions.
Salaat is not a sport or a play that we can perform it as we wish in a hurried manner.
Discipline is of the utmost importance. Remember, if we wish to fully exploit this treasure
trove, then we must be prepared to put some effort into our actions.
NOTE:
It is highly recommended that one should recite Tasbih
of Hadhrat Fatema al-Zahra (A) after the completion of every
Salaat.
CARELESSNESS IN PRAYER:
Salaat as we have mentioned time and again is the central pivot of all worship in Islam. It
must be prayed and there is no excuse for not performing it.
In fact, even if a person is too sick to pray standing up, it is recommended he sit and pray
and if this is not possible, he should sleep with his right side facing Qiblah and perform his
Salaat with his head and eyes. All this shows us how important Salaat to Allah (S).
According to the Holy Prophet (S)
"Allah (S.W.T.) takes away all the blessings from a person who does not pray or is
careless of his/her Salaat. S/he will die in a very bad state, be tortured in Barzakh
and face extreme hardship during the Day of Judgement."
In another hadith he says:
" Whosoever takes his/her Salaat lightly, s/he will not be from my Ummah."
A Muslim must constantly try to improve the quality of his/her Salaat.
We should avoid praying Salaat when sleepy or tired and instead wait a little until our
minds are fresh enough to concentrate full on what we are saying and doing.
In conclusion let us ponder on the Salaat of our Ma'soomeen (A) and how they used to
prepare themselves for meeting their Lord.
Imam Ali (A) would turn pale whilst performing Wudhu and used to say,
"It is time for me to give back the Divine trust to the Almighty
55
WAJIB RUKN AND WAJIB GHAYR RUKN:
Wajib Acts of Salaat = 2 categories
Rukn Ghayr Rukn
Rukn = those parts of the Salaat, which are its foundation. If any of these Wajib parts are left out or added, on purpose or by mistake, the Salaat becomes Batil. 951
Ghayr Rukn = those parts of the Salaat which are not considered as its foundation BUT ARE STILL WAJIB. If any of these actions are left out or added on purpose the Salaat becomes Batil. But they do not make the Salaat Batil if they are left out or added by mistake. 951
The table below shows which actions of Salaat are Rukn and which are Ghayr
Rukn:
RUKN GHAYR RUKN
Niyyat
Qira’at
Takbiratul ehram Dhikr
Qiyam ** Tashahud
Ruku’ Salam
Two sajdahs Tartib
Muwalat
**QIYAM – This includes QIYAM MUTASIL BEFORE RUKU which is a short pause
while you stand silently before you go into Ruku (you can say Allahu
Akbar). WITHOUT THIS PAUSE SALAAT BECOMES BATIL. 967
THE WAJIB ACTS OF SALAAT ARE 11
5 ARE RUKN & 6 ARE GHAYR RUKN
56
57
58
59
60
61
EXERCISE 15: SALAAT
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Name 5 Wajib e Rukni actions. What you do understand by the term Wajib e
Rukni? Masail No. 951-955
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Name 6 Wajib e Ghayre Rukni actions. What do you understand by the term
Ghayre Rukni? Masail No. 951-955
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Zahida was in Ruku’ when she rememberd she did not recite the 2nd Surah.
What has she to do? Masail No. 987-991
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Shabnam was about to go into the 2nd Sajdah when she remembered she had
forgotten to do her Ruku’. How will she rectify it? Masail No. 1048-1052
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Zainab was about to finish her Tashahud when she had a doubt whether she
had done one or two Sajdah. What must she do? Masail No. 1765-1180
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Sarah was reciting Tasbihaate Arba’ when she remembered that she had
forgotten to do Tashahud. What must she do? Masail No. 1110-1115
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Fatemah was reciting her 4th Rakaat when she remembered that she did not
do Tashahud in the 2nd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail No. 1110-1115
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
62
8. Sukaina was reciting her Maghrib Namaaz. In her 2nd Rakaat after Tashahud,
she recited the 1st Salaam and realised her mistake. What has she to do?
Masail No. 1250-1255
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. How do we do Sajdah Sahav? Masail No. 1256-1261
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Mariam was reciting her Subh Namaaz. In the Ruku’ of her 2nd Rakaat she
realised she had missed one Sajdah of the previous Rakaat. What can she
do? Masail No. 1260-1265
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. After finishing the Namaz, Saba had a doubt whether she recited the
Tashahud or not. What must she do? Masail No. 1173-117
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Zahra was reciting her Maghrib Namaaz. She had a doubt whether it was her
2nd or 3rd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail No. 1174-1175
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. She then recited her Isha prayers and in the Tashahud of the 2nd Rakaat, she
had a doubt whether it was the 2nd or 3rd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail
No. 1206-1210
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. Sakina was reciting her Asr Namaaz. She remembered in Ruku’ she did not
recite the 2nd Surah in the 1st Rakaat. What has she to do? Masail No. 987-
991
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
63
15. I was sitting and had I a doubt- is it my 1st Rakat or 2nd Rakaat of Subh
Namaaz. What will I do? Masail No. 1170-1175
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. I was reciting my Isha Namaaz anda had a doubt in Qiyam, is it my 4th or 5th
Rakaat. What must I do? Masail No. 1206-1210
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. I was reciting my Dhohr Namaaz and reciting Salaam when I had a doubt, is it
my 4th or 5th Rakaat. What must I do? Masail No. 1243-1247
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. A doubt regarding the number of Rakaat is not valid in a ____ Rakaat or ____
Rakaat Salaah or before the completion of the 2nd Sajdah of ______ Rakaat
or any 4 Rakaat prayers.
19. Write the method of reciting Namaaz e Ehtiyat. Masail No. 1222-1225
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
64
A: SALAATUL JAMAAT
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO SALAAT-UL-JAMAAT
Definition: Salaat-ul-Jamaat means prayers that are offered in gathering(i.e.
at least 2 people).
Benefits
Praying in congregation provides us with rewards both in this world and the
hereafter; some of which are listed and illustrated below:
Love & Co-operation
Unity & Prestige of Islam
Discipline / Islamic Equality
Unlimited Reward
Allah has put a very big reward for Salaat-ul-Jamaat. Our Holy Prophet (S) and our
Imams (A) have placed great emphasis on Salaat-ul-Jamaat. Therefore, whenever
we get an opportunity we should offer congregational prayers.
Rewards
After the 11th person joins, only Allah knows the reward we get
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2 3 4 5
No of Persons Present for Salaat-ul-Jamaat
Reward doubles after the 4th person joins the
salaat
65
Importance of Salaat-ul-Jamaat
The following are a few examples of the importance of offering the congregational
prayers. For a full listing please refer to ‘Islamic Laws’ (page 262)
1. 25 times better than the prayers offered alone. 1409
2. It is not permissible to absent oneself from the congregational prayers unduly, and it is not proper to abandon congregational prayers without a justifiable excuse. 1410
3. When Salaat-ul-Jamaat id being offered, it is Mustahab for a person who has already offered his prayers alone, to repeat the prayers in congregation. 1412
Conditions of Salaat-ul-Jamaat The following are a few examples of the conditions of offering the congregational prayers. For a full listing please refer to ‘Islamic Laws’ (page 263 - 275).
1416 – As a precaution, Mustahab prayers cannot be offered in congregation in any situation except:
o Istisqa prayers (invoked for rain); or
o Prayers which were obligatory during the presence of Ma’soom Imam (A.S) but became Mustahab during his occultation like Eid ul Fitr and Eid ul Azha
1462 – The Imam of the congregation prayers should be: Baligh, adil, of legitimate birth, Sane and be able to recite the Salaat correctly
Mustahab Acts
1. Learned and pious persons occupy the first row. 1491
2. Rows of the congregation are properly arranged and that there is no gap between the persons standing in one row; all standing shoulder to shoulder. 1492
Imam stands
in the front
line
1479
Follower
performs all
acts a little
after the
Imam
66
HOW TO JOIN SALAAT-UL-JAMAAT
Scenario’s Where to join in Congregational Prayers
Qiyam Ruku’ Sajdah Tashahud Salaam
Imam in 1st
Rakaat, better to
join in:
Imam in 2nd
Rakaat better to
join in:
Imam in 3rd \ 4th
Rakaat, better to
join in:
Imam in 3rd \ 4th
Rakaat (Qiyam):
Join and recite Surah Al Hamd and if you cannot finish the
recitation by the time the Imam rises from Ruku’ you have to
change your Niyyat to furada.
If you do not
know which
Rakaat it is
always join in:
67
You enter the
Mosque it is the
last Sajdah, you
perform your
Niyyat and
Takbiratul Ehram
and then sit for
Tashahud and
Salaam:
During Tashahud
and Salaam, raise
your knees and
place your palms
on the floor – rise
up to your 1st
Rakaat when Imam
completes Salaam.
You can recite
tashahud, but do
not recite Salam.
Wait in the
squatting
position till the
Imam has
completed then
get up.
Extra note:
Raising of the knees from the
ground is also followed in
Tashahud and Salaam when
you join in 2nd, 3rd and 4th
Rakaat.
68
EXERCISE 16: SALAATUL JAMAAT
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. You join in Qiyam when the Jamaat is in the 3rd Rakaat. The Imam goes to
Ruku’ and rises from the Ruku’ and you still have not completed the recitation
of Surah Al Hamd. What should you do in this situation? Masail No. 1450-
1455
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. You join when the Imam is in Ruku’ and are not sure whether you reached the
Ruku’ of the Imam or not. What should you in this situation? Masail No. 1435-
1440
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. When road construction is going on, Fatema decided to offer her Salaat
before leaving for the mosque, as she knew she might not arrive in time for
Salaat-ul-Jamaat. However, when she arrived at Stanmore, the program had
been delayed due to the absence of Mukhi Saheb and Salaat-ul-Jamaat was
about to start. What will she do? Masail No. 1410-1415
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. You arrive at the mosque when the Imam is reciting the last Tashahud and
you wish to earn the Thawab of Salaat-ul-Jamaat. What can you do? Masail
No. 1438-1442
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Which of the following will the Imam recite quietly (Q) and which will he recited
loudly (L) in the Jamaats of Dhohr and Magrib. Put ‘Q’ or L’ for your answer
Dhohr Magrib
a. Suratul Hamd
b. Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim
c. Qunoot
d. Tasbihate- Arba’
e. Dhikr of Ruku’
f. Dhikr of Sajdah
g. Tashahud and Salaam
6. How would you join if the Imam is in the last Tashahud of Magrib Namaz?
Masail No. 1438-1442
69
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Ali joined in Salaat-ul-Jamaat when the Imam was in Qiyam of the 3rd Rakaat
of Isha prayers. How would he continue?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. Abid came in when Imam was in Tashahud of Dhohr Namaz. What must he
do?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Wasim joined the Salaat-ul-Jamaat when the Imam was in Ruku’ of the 4th
Rakaat of Asr prayers. How would he continue?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Abbas joined in the Ruku of the 1st Rakaat of Subh prayers. How does he go
about his prayers?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Zahida went in to Ruku’ before the Imam in Salaat-ul-Jamaat. What must she
do to rectify the mistake? Masail No. 1485-1490
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Raheem recited the 2nd and 3rd Salaam slightly before the Imam in Salaat-ul-
Jamaat. Is his prayers void? Masail No. 1475-1480
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. The Imam recited Tashahud at a wrong place in the Salaah. What will the
followers do? Masail No. 1485-1490
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
70
B: SALAATUL QASR
A traveller has to reduce the Rakaats in Zuhr, Asr and Isha prayers, that is, he
should perform two Rak'ats instead of four, subject to the seven conditions
mentioned below.
7 Conditions To Be Fulfilled For Salaat-E-Qasr To Apply
1. TOTAL Travelling Distance covered is 28 miles /44 kms or more after leaving his hometown
2. Town/City Boundary – HADDE TARAK KHUS - The traveller should be out of the boundary of the town or city before calculating the distance.
3. Niyyat - Before starting the journey, there must be a firm intention (Niyyat) of travelling a total of 28 miles or more.
4. Purpose of Journey - The journey should not be for a Haraam purpose eg gambling.
5. Length of Stay - The intention (Niyyat) to stay must be for less than 10 days.
6. Destination - The destination should not be to a place which the traveller has made his/her hometown – WATAN.
7. Journey Frequency - The travelling is NOT the normal journey which a person does on account of work.
8. A traveller can offer full prayers in Masjidul Haram, Masjidul Nabi, Masjide Kufa, and even in the entire cities of Makaah, Medina and Kufa. He can also offer full prayers in the Haram of Imam Husayn up to the distance of 25 arms length
How the 17 Rak’aats are reduced
PRAYER RAKAATS RECITED DAILY
RAKAATS RECITED BY
TRAVELLER
Fajr 2 2
Zuhr 4 2
Asr 4 2
Maghrib 3 3
Isha 4 2
Total 17 11
It is recommended that a traveller should say thirty (30) times after every prayer:
"Subhanallahi walhamdu lillahi wala ilaha illallahu wallahu Akbar"
71
To recite dua after - Dhohr, Asr and Isha Salaat is highly recommended; and to recite
the above sixty (60) times rather than thirty (30) after these three prayers.
London- Below is a map of the City of London. The M25 is London’s boundary i.e.
HADDE TARAK KHUS.
Examples of towns or major airports outside M25:
Gatwick Airport
Stansted Airport
Stevenage
All towns inside M25 are
within the City of London.
72
73
EXERCISE 17: SALAATUL QASR
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from
1. Zainab was travelling to Peterborough and stop at a service station on the way
to pray her Dhohr Salaah. She later found out that she in fact she had only
travelled 12 miles after Hade tarakkus but by then the time had
lapsed/finished. What will she do? Masail No. 1280-1285
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Aamir forgot to recite his Dohr and Asr Salaat before his trip to Isle of Wight
and remembered about it at night at their hotel in Isle of Wight. Will he pray
Qadha in full or Qasr? Why? Masail No. 1375-1380
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Hamida was not sure if she was out of town or not. Will she pray full or Qasr?
Masail No. 1330-1335
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Ali went to Milton Keynes with his friends for the weekend even though his
parents had not given him permission. Will he pray Qasr there? Why? Masail
No. 1300-1305
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Captain Husain is a pilot and travels to different parts of the world. How should
he offer his Salaat when in different parts of the world? Why? Masail No.
1305-1310
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Muhammad and his non-Muslim school friends went to Paris for a week and
as a dare on the 1st night he drank a glass of beer. As he was feeling guilty for
having done something Haraam, he offered his Salaat in full. Was this a
correct decision? Explain. Masail No. 1315-1320
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
74
C: SALAATUL AYAAT
Salaat-e-Ayaat is WAJIB when any of the following occur 1500
Solar (Sun) Eclipse
Lunar (Moon) Eclipse
Earthquake
Natural Disaster
Timing Of Salaat-e-Ayaat 1504, 1505, 1507 & 1508
PRAYED ANYTIME FROM
THE BEGINNING OF THE
ECLIPSE TILL IT CLEARS
COMPLETELY
PRAYED AS
SOON AS THE
DISASTER IS
OVER
SHOULD BE PRAYED
WITH QADHA NIYYAT
IF TOTAL ECLIPSE
NOT WAJIB TO PRAY
IF PARTIAL ECLIPSE
DID
NOT
PRAY
DID NOT
PRAY
This relates to those NOT KNOWING that there
was an eclipse until after the event
The offering of Salaat-e-Ayaat becomes Wajib only on the people who live in the town
where a natural disaster occurs. 1503
It is NOT Wajib for people who live in nearby towns.
75
METHOD OF RECITING SALAAT – E – AYAAT
1516 – 1524
METHOD – 2nd
RAKA’AT
TOTAL: No. OF RAKAAT - 2 (Wajib)
No. OF RUKU - 10 (Wajib)
No. OF QUNOOT - 5 (Mustahab)
METHOD – 1st RAKA’AT
76
EXERCISE 18: SALAAT E AYAT
Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Anwer had just arrived from school. He had to offer his Dohr and Asr Salaat,
as well as Salaat-e-Ayaat but there wasn’t enough time to offer all of them.
What will he offer first? Masail No. 1510-1515
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. While watching BBC news in the morning before going to work, Amina found
out that there had been a partial lunar eclipse at 3.30am. Will she offer Qadha
of Salaat-e-Ayaat? Masail No. 1505-1510
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Javad only recited one Qunoot and that was before the 10th Ruku. Is his
Salaah valid? Why? Masail No. 1520-1524
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Aaliya was not able to come to a decision whether it was her last Ruku of the
1st Rakaat or the 1st Ruku of the 2nd Rakaat. Is her Salaah valid? Masail No.
1520-1524
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Saima was offering her daily prayers on time when she realised that by the
time she finished her prayers, time for Salat-e-Ayaat would have finished.
What will she do? Masail No. 1510-1515
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
77
TOPIC 14: KHUMS
Khums is the Fifth branch of Furoo-e-Deen and it is Wajib on every Muslim. Khums, in Islamic terminology means one fifth of certain things which a person acquires as wealth and which must be paid as an Islamic Tax. Allah says in the Holy Qur'an: "Know that whatever of a thing you acquire (Ghanimat), a fifth of it is for Allah, for the
Messenger, for the near relatives, the orphans, the needy and wayfarer." (al Anfal 8:41)
Khums Has To Be Paid On The Following 7 Things
Khums is Wajib on seven items but we will discuss Khums on only one item which is net savings The other six are not generally relevant to most Muslims, and when needed one can refer to the necessary Masail for them.
Lawful Wealth Mixed
With Unlawful Wealth
1822 – 1827
Net Savings
1761 –1806
Buried Treasure
1815 – 1821 Minerals
1807
Precious Stones Obtained From
Sea By Diving
1828 - 1836
War Booty
1837 – 1841
Land
Purchased
1842
78
Items On Which Khums Is Exempted 1763
1. There is no Khums on the amount of one's Dowry (Mahr).
2. Khums is not liable on Inheritance. It is Ehtiyate Wajib that when one inherits from the least anticipated person, e.g. a very remote relative from whom one does not expect to inherit, Khums should be paid if any amount remains at the end of the year.
Distribution Of Khums 1843 The money of Khums has to be divided into two equal parts.
KHUMS
SEHME SADAAT SEHME IMAM
This part is given needy
persons from the family
of the Holy Prophet (S)
This part is given to the
Imam of the time
IN THE GHAIBAT OF THE IMAM (A) THIS PART OF THE KHUMS IS GIVEN TO A MUJTAHID. WITH HIS
PERMISSION WE USE THIS MONEY FOR OTHER PURPOSES, LIKE BUILDING MOSQUES, MADRESSAS, ETC.
79
An Example on How to Calculate Khums
Example 1:
Question: How much khums wil he pay if he has never paid khums before?
Salary he gets in hand after ALL government deductions: £2 500
Total expensed for the month: £1 400
Savings: £5 000
Savings after deducting all expenses: £1 100
Total khums due on: £6 100
Khums to be paid £6 100 @ 20% £1 220
Sehme Sadaat £610
Sehme Imam £610
Example2:
Question:
Suppose he has been paying khums every month and khums has already been
paid on £4 000 of his savings. Will he have to pay on that again this year? If
not, how much will he pay instead?
Solution:
He will not pay on the £4000 he has already paid khums on. His khums for this
year will be:
Salary he gets in hand after ALL Government deductions:
£2 500
Total expenses for the month:
£1 400
Savings:
£1 000
Savings after deducting all expenses:
£1 100
Total Khums due on:
£2 100
Khums to be paid £2 100 @ 20%
£420
Sehme Sadaat
£210
Sehme Imam
£210
Mohsin earns £ 2 500 every month. His khums is due mid April. He has
the following monthly expenses:
Travelling costs to and from work £ 100
Household Expenses £ 300
Mortgage £ 800
Insurance [Car andHome] £ 200
He has a saving account which has £ 5 000
80
EXERCISE 19: KHUMS
1. a) Nahid became baaligh on 10th Ramadhan. What would be immediately
Wajib on her?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
b) What about Khums?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Salma became baaligh on 3rd Murahham 2009. Next Muharram when she was
going through her cupboard, she saw a new wallet and had £20 which had a
got from her elder sister. She also found a new scarf and new namaaz chadar.
She also found a new suit which was big for her last year. What has she to do
with all the new items and the cash?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Rahm had a bank account of £7,000 which she had collected on her birthdays
and Idds. Her father took out Khums of £400 on it. Where does her father give
Khums money and how will that Khums money be used?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Rehana has about 6 CDs of music which she listens to them occasionally
when she goes out with her friends. Does she have to pay Khums on it as it is
used?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Raziya bai’s father died and she got £20,000 as inheritance. Does she have to
pay Khums?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Fatemah had £25 which was khums free meaning she had already taken out
khums. She bought a bottle of perfume worth £20. She did not use that
perfume for more than a year. Does she have to pay khums on that perfume?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
81
7. Naseem had £1,000 in her bank account in year 2009. She took out khums of
£200. In the year 2010, she had £1,200. How much khums does she pay this
year?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
82
TOPIC 15: SAUM
SIGNIFICANCE OF FASTING
The Month of Ramadhan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar and begins with
all its social, moral and spiritual blessing. The following quotation from a Du'a points
out some of these blessings:
"O Allah this is the month of Ramadhan in which You sent the Qur'an as a guide for people and as a clear sign to differentiate between right and wrong; and it is the month of fasting, month of prayers, month of returning to You (Tawbah) and month of repentance; it is the month of forgiveness and mercy....; the month in which is the 'Night of Qadr' which is better than a thousand months....; O Allah, bless Mohammed and his progeny.... and keep me free for Your worship and for reciting the Book."
It appears from the above sentences that amongst the blessings of this month are
Qur'an, the 'Night of Qadr', the repentance from sins and mutual understanding and
forgiveness.
According to Islamic belief, every action, whether good or bad, carries more weight in
this month. Thus, charity is a virtue at all times, but is more virtuous in this month;
and injustice is an evil at all times, but is more evil in this month. Reciting the Qur'an
is a commendable deed the whole year round, but during the month of Ramadhan it
assumes a far greater significance.
And as the month of Ramadhan entered, Imam Zainul Abideen (A) would pray:
"O Allah, help us fast in this month, by preventing our limbs from doing
anything that displeases You, and by engaging them in acts which gain your
pleasure.....so that we may not lend our ears to things futile and our eyes may
not see that which leads to forgetting You. Our hands may not commit that You
have prohibited, and our feet may not advance towards the forbidden....."
(Saheefa-e-Kamilah)
Our Holy Prophet (S) told Jabir bin Abdillah:
"O Jabir, this is holy Ramadhan, whoever fasts in it during the day, and stands
to remember Allah during the night, controls his hunger and speech, he shall
be forgiven his sins the way the holy month passes".
Jabir said:
"O Messenger of Allah, what a beautiful advice this is!".
The Holy Prophet (S) answered:
"And how important the conditions!" (Furoo' Al-Kafi Vol.4)
83
The Holy Prophet (S) has advised that we should eat enough to kill the hunger and not more
THE IMPORTANCE OF FASTING:
Reasons For Fasting
“O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed
for those before you so that you may attain TAQWA” (Surah Baqara Verse 183)
1. Fasting is Wajib
2. It helps us to strengthen our will power against those things that are Haraam.
3. Brings about Unity amongst us and those living near us.
4. As we feel hungry we begin to realise how the people who are poor and cannot afford food suffer daily in their lives and as a result of our fasting we may feel that we should do something for them.
The month of Ramadhan is the
holiest month in the Islamic
Calendar.
The complete Holy Qur’an
was revealed to Prophet
Muhammad (S) during this
Holy month.
Allah forgives us if we
ask for forgiveness.
In this month is the night
of Qadr, which is better
than a thousand months.
Duas are easily
accepted.
84
SAUM - THE DIFFERENT FASTS AND THEIR CONDITIONS
Wajib Fasts
1. Fast during the month of Ramadhan. 1559
2. Qadha fast for the month of Ramadhan. 1572
3. Fast becoming wajib on account of Kaffara. 1667
4. When a father dies, it is wajib on the eldest son to fast his Qadha fasts. 1721
5. Fast broken or left out intentionally. 1667
Fasting is Mustahab on all the days of the year except on those days on which it is
Haraam to observe fast. Some are mentioned below.
Haraam Fasts
1. Eid-ul-Fitr. 1748
2. Eid-ul-Hajj. 1748
3. A fast kept despite danger to your health.
Makruh Fast 1756
It is Makruh to fast on the 10th of Muharram (Ashura Day).
Mustahab Fasts 1757
1. First Thursday, first Wednesday after the tenth of the month and last Thursday of Islamic month.
2. 17th Rabiul Awwal
3. 25th Zilqaad
4. On all days of Rajab and Sha’ban or on as many as is possible to fast, even if it is only one day.
5. The 18th of Zilhajj - Eid-e-Ghadir.
6. The 24th of Zilhajj - Eid-e-Mubahila.
7. The 27th of Rajab – Me’raj.
8. Middle of each Islamic month (13th, 14th, 15th)
Conditions of Fasting
1. Islam: Should be a Muslim and follow Islamic laws
2. Baligh
3. To be sane (not mad)
4. Not being in danger of illness by fasting.
5. Not being a traveller.
**The first 3 conditions apply for all Wajibat**
The most important thing is the Niyyat (Intention). There is no need to utter it.
However one must have in mind why one is fasting; that is one must have in mind:
"Qurbatan Ilallah"; for the obedience of Allah. 1559
85
SAUM - THINGS THAT MAKE FAST BATIL OR ARE MAKRUH
Things That Invalidate (Batil) the Fast If Done On Purpose 1581
1. Eating and drinking.
2. Saying false things about Allah, Prophet (S) or the successors of the Holy Prophet (S).
3. Making dust reach one's throat.
Things that are Makruh when Fasting 1666
1. Tooth extraction or any other action which will cause you to bleed.
2. A wet tooth brush for brushing.
3. Putting water or using any kind of mouthwash unnecessarily.
The above 3 things do not break your fast if you do them but it is better if you do not
do them.
KAFFARA
It is a great sin to eat or drink during the days of Holy Ramadhan, or deliberately
commit acts which break the fast without a justifiable reason.
Anyone who leaves out a fast purposely has to give Qadha as well as Kaffara.
1667
The Kaffara for each fast is:
either: (i) to free a slave.
or : (ii) to fast for 60 days.
or : (iii) to feed 60 poor to their fill or give 1 mudd* to each poor person i.e.
¾ kg of foodstuff to each of them. 1669
* 1 mudd is equal to ¾kg foodstuff like wheat, barley, etc.
If you choose to fast for 2 months as Kaffara, you will have to fast for 31 days
together and thereafter, you can complete the balance of 29 days in your own time.
1670
If a person breaks his fast by a Haraam acts like:
(i) drinking alcohol, etc; OR 1674
(ii) Attributing lies to Allah, His Prophet (S) and Masoomeen (A); 1675
s/he will have to give ALL 3 Kaffara together.
86
SAUM - FASTING WHEN TRAVELLING
1. Your fast will be broken once you cross the boundary of your hometown – if you intend to travel a total of more than 28miles.
2. At any place where you pray Qasr, you will not fast. If you have travelled to a place where your stay will be less than 10 days, you will pray Qasr for the prayers of 4 Rakaats, and you will not fast. You will give Qadha later.
3. The people whose job is that of travelling, e.g. pilot, crew, drivers, etc or one who undertakes a journey for a sinful purpose, must fast even while they are travelling, and their prayer will not be Qasr, either.
4. If you travel from the place where you live AFTER the time of DHOHR, you will complete the fast. However, if you travel BEFORE the time of DHOHR, you cannot fast. Or if you reach your hometown before Dhur – ie you need to be in your hometown at Dhur
5. If a person does not know that a traveller cannot fast and finds out during the fast, his/her fast becomes Batil; however, if s/he does not find out about it until sunset, his/her fast is valid.
EXERCISE 20: FASTING
Use the Risala to answer the Questions. State the Masail number you derived your
answer from.
1. Not sure whether it was the last day of Shaban or the first day of Ramadhan.
Ali made a niyyat of Mustahab fast. He later found out on the same day that it
was the 1st of Mahe Ramadhan what do you think he should do? Masail No.
1575-1580
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2. There was still half an hour before Fajr Salaat so Tahera decided to read a
book in bed. While reading she fell asleep and woke up after Dhohr Salaat.
She remembered that she had not made Niyyah to fast and being the holy
month of Ramadhan she did not know what to do. What is the answer to her
problem? Masail No. 1560-165
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3. Thinking it was not yet Fajr time for Salaat, Sajida had a glass of milk. She
later found out Fajr time for Salaah had already set in when she had her milk.
Will she give kaffar or a qadh fast? Masail No. 1695-1700
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87
4. It was nearly time for iftar and the smell of food was making my mouth fill with
saliva. Can I swallow the saliva? Masail No. 1585-1590
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5. There was construction going on just outside Mustafa’s house and although
he noticed that a lot of dusting being blown out, he did not take care to try and
avoid it while the dust reached his throat. Is his fast valid? Masail No. 1610-
1615
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6. Siddiqa’s father had gone to Peterborough to visit his mother who was
critically ill. He left after Dhohr Salaat. Will he be able to complete his fast or
should he break it? Masail No. 1730-1735
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7. It was time for swimming lesson in school and Murtaza was fasting, he could
not swim. However his teacher let him stay by the swimming pool to watch his
classmates. One of his classmates pushed him in to the pool so that his
whole body (including his head) immersed in to the water. Is his fast valid or
not? Masail No. 1623-1626
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8. What is the kaffara if a person does not fast intentionally in the holy month of
Ramadhan? Masail No. 1715-1720
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9. Captain Hussein is a regular traveller by profession. Should he fast in the
month of Ramadhan? Masail No. 1720-1725
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10. Mohsin did not know if it was the last day of Ramadhan or the 1st of Shawaal.
Should he fast on that day or is it Haraam to fast on the 1st of Shawaal (i.e Eid
ul Fitr)? Masail No. 1745-1750
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88
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11. Ali and Mustafa were walking to the mosque when Ali suddenly spat out
phlegm that had reached his mouth. Mustafa asked him why he did not just
swallow it to which Ali replied that it would have broken his fast. Was Ali
correct? Masail No. 1585-1590
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12. Zahra was born in October 2000. She was happy as she will not have to fast
this year as she would turn 9 in October. Do you think she was lucky?
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13. Aliyah became baligh on 10th Ramadhan at 1.00 am Fajr time. Does she have
to start fasting on that day? Masail No. 1570-1575
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14. If one is not sure whether it is the last day of Shabaan or the 1st of
Ramadhan. What is the best thing to do? Masail No. 1575-1580
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15. Fatima was fasting her Ramadhan fast. At about 2pm she was feeling
extremely weak and it was unbearable for her to continue to fast. What must
she do? Masail No. 1590-1595
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16. Maryam became paak from Haidh before the time of Fajr prayers in the
month of Ramadhan and she had no time to do ghusl. What must she do?
Masail No. 1645-1650
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17. Sarah got her haidh 15 minutes before Maghrib Salaah. Is her fast valid?
Masail No. 1645-1650
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89
18. Hanna vomited unintentionally while fasting. What must she do? Masail No.
161653-1658
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19. What is the Kaffara for leaving the fast in the month of Ramadhan without
any valid reason? Masail No. 1665-1670
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20. If one breaks the fast by listening to an unreliable person who tells him that
Maghrib has set in and later on realises it was not so. What has he to do
now? Masail No. 1680-1685
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21. Mohammed uses mouth was during fasting, is it permitted to do so? Masail
No. 1695-1700
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22. Mariam was fasting a Qadha fast of Mahe Ramadhan, but decided to break it
before Dhohr time. Is she allowed to do so? Masail No. 1705-1710
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23. Hina reached Dubai before Dhohr in the month of Ramadhan. She had not
done any act which invalidates her fast. Can she fast that day? Masail No.
1730-1735
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24. Sameer reached his home town after Dhohr on the 9th day of Ramadhan.
What must he do about that day’s fast? Masail No. 1730-1735
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90
25. Mariam bai cannot fast because of extreme old age. Does she have to give
Fidya or kaffara for each fast? Masail No. 1730-1735
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26. Minaz is in her 8th month of pregnancy and finds fasting harmful for her. What
must she do? Masail No. 1735-1740
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27. Munira is breastfeeding her baby and finds that her milk is not enough if she
fasts in the month of Ramadhan. What will she do? Masail No. 1735-1740
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