David McCandless

KnowledgeIs Beautiful

sampler

hello

Welcome to this sampler of my latest infographic book.

I love ideas, truth & beauty. I love to understand the world. So both tomes are full to the brim with data-visualizations & information designs driven by my own questions and ignorance. They free-range across science, nature, thought, food, pop - anything strange and interesting.

I was out to sate my thirst for knowledge with this book. I hope you find some of these graphics rich and complex enough to sate yours. David McCandlessSep 2016

PROCESS

VISUALISATION DESIGN MAPPINGART

TYPE data datastructured

informationlinked

knowledgeinter-connected

information knowledge

METAPHOR atoms molecules DNA chromosomes cells organisms

PROCESS minegathermeasure

examinerecogniseclassify

filterinterpretarrange

connectsequencecondense

integrateextrapolategenerate

evaluateunderstandexplain

awarness mind intellect group mind

75%10% 1% 10–20%

source: ‘Executing the Will of the Voters’, Alarcón & Mitchell (2010)source: NASA, Google Maps

source: UK Office of National Statistics, 2011–12. Warning: small sample sizesources: The Lancet, Sheridan et al (2013), Yang et al (2007)

source: private study by Caddington School of 232 children, 5-8 years old

source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Data (2010)

sources: World Health Organisation, Institute of Food Research, Campbell et al (2012)

Birth-defect chancesRisky business

Child KillersMain causes of death

Child MurderersWho does it?

Times Tables TimesError rate

Death Rows Total cost of death penalty for California 1978–2010Big Country

Pass the SaltSalt

Sodium

Cost perexecutionExecutions

body needs grams per day

grams

1 teaspoon worldwide average intake

Disease

Suicide

Homicide

Accidents

Parent / step-parent

Unknown

StrangerFriend / other

relative

Processed foodUnprocessed food Tap water Added at the table

$1,020m Incarceration costs

$1,940m Death-penalty trials

$925m State appeals

$156m Federal appealsAntarctica the Moon

World Health Organisationintake target for 2025

Most governments’ current daily guideline

Avg bagof crisps

2

0.8

5

2

6

2.4

10

4

13 $310m

82

12 1

3

1

60%10%

2

3

4

5

7

6

8

9

11

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1110 12

15

23

260

Simple

First cousins

Distant bloodrelatives

Mother over 34

Unrelated

Father over 50

Father over 40

PARENTS RISK ODDS1 IN XX

CUMULATIVE RISK

Older first cousins(he 51, she 38)

16

19

27

412.4%

382.8%

362.6%

3.7%

5.3%

6.1%

11.4% 9

data: bit.ly/KIB_Simple1

Over 1–10,000 million times bigger than a normal black hole.

Even bigger – a mere 10–40,000 million times bigger than your average black hole.

Microscopic star residing at the centre of a black hole.

A gravitational vacuum star – a theoretical alternative to black holes.

Ultra-dense object formed when a massive star gravitationally collapses on itself.

I can’t explain this one. It’s far too complicated for this little box.

Young star inside a gas-dust envelope.

Complex quantum effects turn light into iron inside this object, creating a metal star.

Small, ultra-dense star with gigantic magnetic field spinning 100’s of times per second.

A massive stellar explosion that has not destroyed its parent sun.

Highly magnetic neutron star emitting pulsed beams of light like a lighthouse.

Small, compact star made of theoretical particles.

Giant star with a second object, a neutron star, at its core.

Massive, very bright old stars shedding massive layers of their mass.

Brightness appears to flicker & fluctuate as seen from Earth.

Type of flickeringstar with veryunpredictable &dramatic increasesin brightness.

Unknown object emitting large, irregular bursts of gamma radiation& X-rays.

Stars unusually high in metalssuch as mercury &manganese.

Bright & on its way to becoming a supergiant. Rich in metals & often with planets.

Very rare stellar entity, with almost no hydrogen, the most common element.

Large hydrogen-fusing star a few hundred times the radius of the Sun.

Theoretical object that may have existed in the early universe before normal stars formed.

An alternative& more stableobject than a traditional black hole.

Very compact quasar shooting two massive jets of energy from its poles.

A very small quasar only a few times bigger than the Sun.

Very energetic & active nucleus of a galaxy – the brightest objects in the universe.

Slightly mysterious stars that don’t follow the usual curve of star evolution.

Somewhere in between giants & supergiants, very bright but not overly massive.

Two stars, a whitedwarf & a very close ‘donor’ star that feeds the host dwarf star.

Rapidly spinning collapsed core of a massive star, dense & made mostly of neutrons.

Black-hole replacement made from vacuum or maybe dark energy.

Massive neutron star so dense that the neutrons break down into ‘strange matter’.

Biggest & brightest of stars. Massive, hot & destined to explode into supernovae.

Group of a fewthousand starsof the same age,formed from thesame cloud.

Spherical group of stars orbitingin the outer haloof a galaxy.

Common version, featuring a centralbar-shaped structure madeof stars.

Stars in the hydrogen-burning main phase of their life. Often called dwarves.

When a white dwarf sufficiently cools & no longer emits heat or light.

A star in mid-explosion, forming a bubble-like shockwave.

A small dwarf star sucking material from a giant star, causing flares & belches.

Massively high-energy stellar explosion. May create deadly gamma-ray bursts.

Exploding star, often briefly outshining the brightness of a entire galaxy.

Explosion caused by the collossal merging of two stars.

Old, thin galaxies with both a bulge & a disk, but only very vague spiral arms.

Oval masses ofold stars withoutdiscs & withlittle new starformation.

Unimaginably huge collections of thousands of galaxies bound together.

Short-lived but incredibly bright & massive stars, shedding huge amounts of mass.

A proto-star about 100 million years into its growth, before it becomes a full star.

Dense dark cloud of cosmic dust & gas-like cocoons where stars can be born.

Large interstellar cloud & often stellar nurserieswhere stars arebirthed.

Very large & unstable star prone to dramatic energetic outbursts.

Billions of stars collected in a flat, rotating disc with a distinctive central ‘bulge’.

A glowing shell of electrified gas expanding from a dying star.

A contraction in a molecular cloud that precedes the birth of a star.

A glowing shell of electrified gas generated as astar runs out ofnuclear fuel.

Very massive unknown type of star at the end of its life.

Lacks the bulk to trigger reactions necessary to shine. Often a companionto a larger star.

A star in an early stage of evolution.

The burnt-out remains of a star once it’s used up all its hydrogen.

Gravastar

Supermassive Black Hole

UltramassiveBlack Hole

Planck Star

Stellar Black Hole

Electroweak star

Herbig Ae/Be Star

Iron Star

Magnetar SupernovaImposter

Thorne–ŻytkowObject

Preon Star

Pulsar

Wolf–Rayet Star

Pulsating /Variable Star

Flare Star

Soft GammaRepeater

Peculiar Star

Sub Giant

Extreme Helium Star

Giant Dark Star(Newtonian)

Dark Star(Dark Matter)

Blazar

Micro Quasar

Quasar

Blue StragglerBright Giants CataclysmicVariable Star

Quark Star

Neutron Star

Dark Energy Star

Supergiant

Open StarCluster

Globular Cluster

BarredSpiral Galaxy

Main Sequence Star

Black Dwarf

Supernova Remnant

Dwarf Nova

HypernovaSupernova

Luminous Red/Blue Nova

LenticularGalaxy

Elliptical Galaxy

GalacticCluster

Hyper Giant

T. Tauri Bok Globule

Molecular Cloud or H2 Region

LuminousBlue Variable

Spiral Galaxy

PlanetaryNebula

ProtostarProtoplanetaryNebula

Compact Star

Brown DwarfYoung Stellar Object

WhiteDwarf

‘Exotic’ Star

Exploding object (nova)

Black Hole-type object

CloudGalaxy object

Star

THEORETICALCOMMON RARE

SMALL

MASSIVE

The Stellar Nursery

sources: NASA, Space.com, Wikipedia

data: bit.ly/KIB_Stellar

Best in ShowThe ultimate data-dog

Bulldog

Saint Bernard

Great Dane

Mastiff

Bullmastiff

Bloodhound

Irish Wolfhound

Pekingese

Afghan Hound

Kerry Blue Terrier

Greyhound

Dandie Dinmont Terrier

Clumber Spaniel

ScottishTerrier

PembrokeWelsh Corgi

Dalmatian

BelgianTervuren

English ToySpaniel

Doberman Pinscher

Boston Terrier

Flat-CoatedRetriever

Briard

Pug

ChesapeakeBay Retriever

GoldenRetriever

Samoyed

Brussels Griffon

Tibetan Spaniel

Pointer

GermanShorthaired

Pointer

PoodleDachshund

Miniature Schnauzer

SiberianHusky

Shetland Sheepdog

Affenpinscher

LhasaApso

AustralianCattle Dog

English Cocker Spaniel

Welsh Springer Spaniel

Border Terrier

Border Collie

Cairn Terrier

Brittany

Papillon

CockerSpaniel

Bedlington Terrier

AustralianTerrier

Chihuahua

Whippet

West HighlandWhite Terrier

EnglishSpringerSpaniel

Bichon Frise

Irish Setter

YorkshireTerrier

Labrador Retriever

AustralianShepherd

Maltese

Pomeranian

ShihTzu

Pharaoh Hound

Beagle

English Setter

Gordon Setter

Tibetan Terrier

Norfolk Terrier

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Basset Hound

Basenji

Italian Greyhound

StaffordshireBull Terrier

Bouvier desFlandres

Giant Schnauzer

German Shepherd

Newfoundland

Akita

French Bulldog

Chow Chow

AlaskanMalamute

Boxer

Bernese Mountain Dog

Bull Terrier

Borzoi

Old EnglishSheepdog

RhodesianRidgeback

Rottweiler

Saluki

Inexplicably overrated

Rightly ignored

pu

blic

po

pu

larit

y

Overlooked treasures

Hot dog!

longevity grooming appetite data scoreailments costsintelligence

OUR DATA SCORE

Sporting WorkingNon-sporting Terrier ToyHerding Houndsmall medium largedumb clever

SIZEINTELLIGENCE

our data score

sources: American Kennel Club, Cassidy (2007), Canine Inherited Disorders Database, ‘The Intelligence of Dogs’, Stanley Coren

data: bit.ly/KIB_BestDogs

tongue onroof of mouth

no ‘no thoughts’the goal of meditation is not to empty the mind, but to observe the present moment non-judgementally.

chill manmeditating is acknowledging and observing whatever happens – pleasant or unpleasant – in a relaxed way.

openthis gives insight into howthe mind really works,reducing attachment,letting us relax more deeply…

microscope…transforming the mind and using it as a device to explore itself and the nature of reality.

The Gist

breathe naturallythrough the nose

straight spine

SIT relaxed but erect comfortable

eyes closed / 10% open

imagine a string lightly pulling up your head

tuck chin

chest up and out

shoulders relaxed, dropped and back

Good Posture

belly out,pelvis forward

mentally alert, still

knees lower than hips

hands restingon knees

Also Good

Common Hindrances

restless flightiness ofmind, creating excitement or anxiety

driftingrandom mental phenomenalike radio interference

stray thoughtsover-focussing or trying tocontrol restricts & tightensthe mind

trying too hardsinkingfading of concentration, dullness, sleepiness

lazinessputting meditation off until later

Qualities of Mind Developed in elemental Eastern terms

agilelight, quick-witted

tranquilcalm, still

clearsharp, perceptive

pliantreceptive, flexible

openspacious, empty

steadyconcentrated, centred

warmtolerant, positive

confidentself-assured, proficient

uprightstraightforward, direct

malleablestrong, workable

space air fire water earth

Meditation

sources: Buddhist eLibrary, ‘Meditation’ (Wind Horse, 1999)

BODY BREATH MINDMANTRAHEART

object ofconcentration

15

30

45

60

1

2

--- ---

---

------

------ ------ ---

---

zen

Counting your breaths (1 for inhalation, 2 for exhalation) up to 10. If your mind

wanders, gently go back to 1.Just sit like this.

Zen Buddhism

zazen, ‘just sitting’alternate breath

Block right nostril with knuckle. Take 4 slow, even breaths through left nostril.

Repeat on other side.

Kundalini Yoga

microcosmic orbit

Use the breath to circulate energy through an oval ‘microcosmic’ orbit.

Start at the throat, end at the forehead.

Taoism

transcendental

Silently, repeat a given, single,rhythmical sound-phrase (mantra)

over and over again.

Many

TMeating

Take twenty minutes to eat 3raisins. Savour every detail: the look,the anticipation, the chew, the taste,

the swallow.

analytical

Sit with a deep question in your mind. ‘Who am I?’ is a good one. Explore who is

thinking, hearing, seeing, wondering. What happens in the immediate moment

as you ask this question?Dzogchen (Tibtean Buddhism)

rushen, self-inquirymantra

Chant a single, rhythmical sound-phrase (mantra) over and over again.

Examples: ‘Haum Mani-Padme-Om’, ‘Sa-Ta-Na-Ma’, ‘Sabbe Satta Sukhi Hontu’,

‘So Hum’ (I am), ‘Sat Chit Ananda’.Many

sensing loop

Feel into the sensations in your right foot and then work up around each segment of your body – lower leg, knee, thigh, hip,

hand, arm, shoulder – in a loop.

Sufism

body scan , body contemplationthree-part breath

First fill the abdomen with air, then expand the chest, then lift ribs and collar

bone. Exhale in reverse.

Yoga

long deepbelly

Just focus on the sensation of the breath in the belly as it rises and falls.

Many

kath, hara, tan t'ienbreath of fire

Rapid rhythmic breaths through the nose. Exhale explosively by contracting anus, inhale by relaxing abdominal muscles.

Kundalini Yoga Yoga

agni prancircular breathing

Inhale from the base of your spine upto the base of your neck. Exhale down

the back of your spine.

segmented breathing 2

Focus on your brow point. Make 4 inhale sniffs, hold for a few seconds, exhale in 4 sniffs. Repeat.

Kundalini Yoga

segmented breathing 1

Mouth in an ‘o’ shape. Make 8 small inhalations (sniffs) through the nose to form one breath. Exhale powerfully and

deeply in one go. Repeat.

Kundalini Yoga

balancing

Inhale deeply through the nose. Hold breath for 15 seconds.

Exhale completely through the nose. Hold breath for 15 seconds. Repeat.

Kundalini Yoga

meditation name

Simple, condensed instructionson how to practise the technique

tradition of origin

alternative name

loving kindness for self

Acknowledge whatever you're feeling. Playfully extend loving kindness to

yourself by silently expressing feelings like: ‘May I be happy / healthy / loved’

etc. Maintain this flow of intention.Buddhism

metta bhavana, cultivation of loveconcentration

Hold attention on a primary object, usually your breath. Mentally note the

upward movement of your abdomen as ‘rising’, downward as ‘falling’. That’s it!

Many

focussed attentionsilent gratitude

Imagine the face of someone you feel grateful to in great detail and silently thank them. Repeat for 4–5 people.

Buddhism

visualisationloving kindness for others

Picture someone you respect and love. Send a stream of metta (loving kindness) towards them using silent, suitable words.

If a feeling of happiness arises, absorb yourself into it.

Buddhism

metta bhavanaattending

Concentrate while carefully naming thoughts, sensations and other mental

processes and distractions.

BuddhismBuddhism

open monitoringwalking

Feel every sensation in your feet while slow walking – contact, rolling, lifting etc.

Add attending and name every distraction. Add ‘loving kindness’ and extend metta to

everyone who appears in your view. Buddhism

mindfulness

Watch your thoughts, let them comeand go, without reacting, judging

or holding on.

open monitoring

recommendedpractice time

Types of Meditation

sources: BuddhisteLibrary.org, BerzinArchives.com

heka6w2jordan23

password

letmein

enter

testing

tester

testpass

access

gateway welcome

helpme

passw0rd

fishing

dallasyankees

golfernascar

steelers

tennis

lakersyamaha

rangersraiders

redsox

arsenalgolf

redskins

gunnerbraves

yankeerunner

broncobroncos

cricketracing

redwings

celtic

soccerhockey

baseball football

cowboyseagles

giants packersunited

birdie

boston

hotdog

cheesecookie peanut

butter muffin

apples cocacolafire

beerapple

pumpkincherry

pepper

coffee

banana

bitemefreedom

whatever

badboy sexsex

buttheadbooger

horny

sucker

stupid

trustno1

test123

abc123hello

asdfghaaaaaa

asdfzxcvbnmqazwsx

qwertyui

zzzzzz

asdfasdf

little

qwert

xxxx

qwerty

zxcvbnxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

123abc

red123

123123666666

1111

121212

131313

11111111

7777777

9876542112

12127777

23232355555522224444

69696969

11111123321

999999

1313

87654321333333

888888

12345

696969

20001234567

6969

123456789654321

123456

123456781234

111111

112233

86753095150

222222777777

88888888

thx1138

bond007rush2112

ou812

ncc1701

starwarscomputer

merlinmatrix

snoopyboomer

internetdiablo

gandalf

startrek

voyager

topgunsaturn

onlinedexter

trinitydigitalbeatles

fantasygenesis

college

compaq wizard

rosebud

dragon

jasmine

joshua maggiewilliam

thomas

ashleyamanda nicoleheather taylor

austinmatthewmartin

chelsea

patrickrichardanthony bailey

jackson

morganmickey

justin

samanthajoseph

scooby

charlesjunior mikebrandy

millerbrandon stevenjohn

chris

chicagobarney edwardbigdaddy johnson

chesterlondonhannah

rachel

oliver

mother victoriajasperdavidcrystaljack shannonmurphy

princecameron madison wilson

carlos willieangela laurentiffany

dennisliverpoojackie sophie

danielle

peachesbuddy freddyalexis xaviercalvin

samson

alex walterbeavispeter

bonniejonathan

skippysydneyscottgordon

travissteve

rebeccabill parkerarthur

donald williamsdave

august sammybrian paul

mark

frankbilly

garfield willow

carteralbertamerica

jessiehousenissan

marvin

kevin walkerchristindecemberbenjamin

therockbrooklynteresagregory

teens

michigan

stellacartman einstein kellynelsonnirvanalouise

mexicoford

gibsonmarcuscassie natashaalexande jester

michaeljenniferjordan

superman

tiggerrobert

batman georgecharlie

andrewmichellejessicadaniel

smokeydakotaandrea

melissajohnny

james

toyotajasonsierra winstondebbie

newyorkjeremycasper

bubbasandra

cooper driver tuckermaxwell monicafredcanada

nathanvictor

florida nicholasdoctor

jake

shelbysharon

godzilla

falcontigers

spiderrabbit tiger

panther

turtle

fishdolphinsdolphin

beaver

scorpionanimal

elephant wolf

donkeybuffaloeagle

monkey

chickenbulldog

gatorsjaguar tomcat

sexythunder

hammercorvettesparkycowboycamaro

guitar scooterporsche

maverickmoneyiceman

monster

mercedes

fender marinewintermidnightmarlboro

winner

captain maddog rocket

warriormember voodoo

apollo powerjackassflyers legendblazer viper

bigboyprivatelifehack

phantom rock

cool

platinumcopper

freechevy surfer

airborneaction

adidasexplorer

police

magnum nothingspeedy vampire

playboy

snowballsniperhotrod reddog

mustang shadow

masterharley

hunterranger

busterkiller

black knighthardcore player

mountainbear

metallic

troublesuccess

guinness

bigdog phoenixferrari

themanslayer

eagle1

viking

king

silverorange

ginger summerprincess

diamondyellow

secretiloveyou purplepanties

blue

angel golden iwantuangels girls

flowerforever

green

magicrainbow

scorpio

stardoggie heaven

baby

kittensuper white

sweet

dreamskitty

girlchance

lovesunshine

please

booboo

loverslucky

happygemini lover

pookie

THEMES

FREQUENCY

RANK

A Z 90

10

1ST

50

100

250

500

6%

PASSWORD/ACCESS SIMPLE ALPHANUMERICANIMAL SPORTNERDY/POPFOODCOOL/MACHO NAME REBELLIOUS/RUDEFLUFFY TRULY RANDOM

textsize = password strengthTop 500 Passwords Is yours here?

sources: various data breaches, Xato.net, TroyHunt.com

data: bit.ly/KIB_Passwords

rule by a small groupof elites

APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA, USA (arguably)

rule by a small minorityof rich citizens

CITY OF LONDON

corrupt rule by ‘thieves’ for personal power & wealth

RUSSIA (arguably)USA (arguably)

rule by powerfuldrug lords

GUINEA-BISSAU, MEXICO (arguably)

rule by corporationsor corporate interests

EAST INDIA COMPANY, USA (arguably)

unquestioned rule by unelected, power, unbound by constitution

SAUDI ARABIA

rule by Emir (a dynastic Muslim leader)

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

no publicly enforced power

TWITTER,FRENCH REVOLUTION

rule by women

ELEPHANTS, BEES, ALIENS

rule by group reasoning

QUAKERS

rule by disorganisedindividuals

THE INTERNET

power held according tomerit or ability

CONFUCIANISM

OLIGARCHY CORPORATOCRACY

ANARCHY MATRIARCHY

MONARCHY EMIRATE

rule by Sultan(an Arabian king)

BRUNEI

SULTANATE

rule by Caliph (supreme Islamic political & spiritual leader)

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

CALIPHATE

ruler bound by constitution, often just a figurehead

UNITED KINGDOM

CONSTITUTIONAL

SOCIOCRACY ADHOCRACY MERITOCRACY

DIRECT

people vote & decide on everything

SWITZERLAND

people elect representatives who vote & decide on everything

MOST DEMOCRACIES

no central planning,usually via technology

THE INTERNET

broader participation, such asconsensus decision-making

OCCUPY MOVEMENT

REPRESENTATIVE EMERGENT PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY

rule by the people

KLEPTOCRACY NARCOCRACYPLUTOCRACY

$

high-level bureaucracymediated by software

WIKIPEDIA

WIKICRACY

ruler bound by constitution, often just a figurehead

UNITED KINGDOM

PARLIAMENTARY

rule by elected presidentvia an elected executive

USA (arguably)

REPUBLIC

important decisions made by (non-elected) technical officials

most technical governmentinstitutions

BUREAUCRACY

de-facto rule by technicalexperts (usually scientists)

THE EU, GOOGLE

TECHNOCRACY

rule by a small, unelected,privileged ruling class

PRE-REVOLUTION FRANCE

absolute (usually abusive) ruleby a single person or party

LATIN AMERICANDICATORSHIPS

ARISTOCRACYAUTOCRACY

rule by spiritual leader or God-given spiritual system

VATICAN CITY, IRANTIBET (PRE-CHINESE RULE)

THEOCRACY

power between warring elites(halfway autocracy & democracy)

ZIMBABWE, KENYA

ANOCRACY

constitutional ruleby military power

MYANMAR

STRATOCRACY

Political Power Sources

sources: Wikipedia, BBC History

data: bit.ly/KIB_RulingCasts

married happy-go-lucky outdoors-loving sex-mad hippy party-girl in senior management with a catRECIPE

YEARS-10 -5 +10+5 +15 +20

Strength of science

Suggestive

Good

Strong

7 hours ideal, but no more than 8 hours a

night. Less sleep is better than 8 hours+

Women with highest levels of cynical hostility are 16% more likely to die earlierManagers & those

with more professional responsibility live longer than those with more ‘routine’ work

Seen 10–20% lifespan boost in rats & monkeys…not yet proved in humans

Men who spend a lot of time with women in their formative years Those drinking a little a day

(less than 2 units) do better than complete abstainers

Shoot for 350 a year!

Loneliness equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day

Cat owners are 30% less likely to have a heart attack, especially in the elderly

Obviously, combine diet & exercise

Mediterranean- & Japanese-style diets

150+ mins brisk walking per week

When aged 30–49 years

No matter how much you exercise, sitting

too much raises your risk of death

25 years shorterlife expectancy

Men with morethan one wife live

12% longer

Poorer people die 5–10 years earlier than their privileged peers

10 years gained if you quit age 25; 5 years gained if you quit between 45–59

If your siblings are long-lived, you

probably will be too

Includes reliability, non-impulsivity &

being neat & orderly

Live in a city

Sleep too much

Be optimistic

Get promoted

Eat less food

Have a long-lived maternal grandfather

Hang out with women – a lot!

Drink a little alcohol

Live at a high altitude

Exercise more

More pets

Have a long-lived sibling

QuitKeep smoking

Be alcoholic

Suffer severe mental illness

Be conscientious

Avoid cancer

Have more orgasms

And a little red wine

With close friends

Live in the country

Be polygamous, maybe

Sit down

Eat red meat

Get health checks

Get married!

Live healthily

Be rich

Be a woman

Become obese

male / femalespecific

Avoid heart disease

Go to church regularly

Eat healthy

Live Long…What will really extend your life?

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

-5%

RISKLowest Low Medium High Highest Crazy

Inflation (USA)

Average return(most investors)

0Cash

Actual lossdue to inflation-2.3

TIME SPAN

US gov bonds(2013)1.7

Australiangov bonds 3.2

Braziliangov bonds 9.5

Greek gov bonds(2013)16.5

3.6 Fixed income

Chinesegov bonds4.5

Corporatebonds7.7

Investment grade bonds4.6

7.2 US gov bonds(average)

‘High-yield’bonds9.8

Short-term treasury (1 yr)0.2

Bank savingsaccount2.8

Actual lossin real terms(due to inflation)

-2.2

Liquid capital-2.8

25

Actual lossin real terms-3.7

1.8Bank current account(on paper)

UK shares-0.7

US shares 8.5

Hedgefunds

Becoming a shareholder of a bank

9.4

Apple stock1984–2013

20

US stockmarket 7.8

US property0.0

New YorkState property 1.6

US housemarket 2.7

London property (2013)6.1

UK property(2000s)8.2

Shanghai property12.4

US house prices (1990s)3.5China property 3.9 US house prices (2000s)4.1

California house prices 2013 19

UK property (1990s)3.0

Private equity15

Internationalequity5.0

Globalprivate equity 11.0

Gold8.4

Venture capital20

High yieldequity portfolio 6.3

Emerging markets

9.2

Domestic equity

11.3Small caps11.6

Flexiblecapital12.7

Large-cap growth21short

(~1 year)long(~10)

medium(~5)

longer(10+)

Bonds Stocks OthersProperty

…and ProsperAverage annualised % return

sources: Forbes, TradingEconomics.com, The Economist. Yahoo! Finance, USA Today

data: bit.ly/KIB_Gambling

sources: British Medical Journal, PLOS Medicine, New Scientist

data: bit.ly/KIB_LiveLong

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