Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e....
Transcript of Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e....
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Know Your Weeds
How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds)
OLLIMay 2, 2013
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Think it’s a weed?1. Identify plant2. Determine biology / life cycle
• Winter annual, summer annual, perennial
3. Determine method(s) of management or leave it and enjoy it
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Let’s test your knowledge – can you identify the following
“weeds”?
Pay attention to the biology / life cycle.
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BuffaloburNative summer annual
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Filaree (Storksbill) Introduced winter annual
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Puncturevine (Goathead)Introduced summer annual
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Prickly lettuceIntroduced winter or early summer annual
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Red stem pigweedIntroduced summer annual
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Tumble mustardIntroduced winter or summer annual
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SpurgeIntroduced summer annual
Ants/spurge relationship‐ ants eat caruncles on spurge seeds‐ accidently plant them
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Russian thistle (tumbleweed)Introduced summer annual
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LocoweedNative Perennial
Toxic to livestock
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Silverleaf nightshadeNative perennial
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Dalmation toadflaxIntroduced perennial
Invasive
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Field bindweedIntroduced perennial
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SquirreltailCool season native perennial
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Broom snakeweedNative warm season perennial
Toxic during weed formation
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KochiaIntroduced summer annual
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Thistles Smooth stem = native; thorny stem = introduced
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Information you should know before you can effectively manage
weeds …….
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Summer and Winter Annuals
• Summer annual ‐ germinates from seed in spring and early summer; matures in summer; produces seed in fall and dies with first frost
• Winter annual ‐ germinates from late summer through early spring; grows in winter and dies in late spring or early summer when temperature exceeds 85°
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Perennials
Some flourish in cool months and go dormant at onset of summer heat, others grow actively in summer and are suppressed with frost. Roots can be rhizomes, stolons, fleshy tap roots, corms or tubers.
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Management Methods
• Mechanical (pull, mow, till, etc.)• Cultural (burn, solarize, seed bare ground w/ competitor like cool or warm season grass, or mulch)
• Biological (animals, insects)• Chemical (herbicides)
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MechanicalAnnuals (weeds reproduce from seed)
– Cut before they go to seed.– If in bloom, cover w/ plastic bag before pulling to keep seeds from spreading.
– Cut (weed eater)or mow before going to seed. Mowing sometimes ineffective because plants flower too close to soil.
Perennials (grow from roots each year)– If hand digging, do so when soil is moist; pieces of root often break off and sprout new plants.
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CulturalSolarize to kill seeds and roots in heat of summer (use clear plastic).
Mulch – at least 3” can prevent annuals, not perennials like Bermuda grass. – Organic: bark, chipped trimmings, wood debris, lawn clippings, compost, etc. Straw not recommended; could have weed seeds.
– Synthetic: landscape cloth, rocks, etc. Plastic not recommended.
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Biological
AnimalsChickens, goats, sheep, etc. graze to control weeds.
InsectsIntroduced insects can control noxious weeds but will never eradicate; should be done by professionals.
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Chemicals
• Pre‐emergent herbicides
• Post‐emergent herbicides
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Pre‐emergent Herbicides
• Work best on annual weeds• Can control perennial species prior to establishment
• Warm season weeds (e.g. tumble weeds) –apply in Spring
• Cool season weeds (e.g. filaree) – apply in Fall
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Post‐emergent Herbicides
• Selective – only kill targeted weeds –read product label
• Non‐selective – kill all vegetation touched by herbicide
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Got all that? There’s more…
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Herbicides: Contact and Systemic • Contact herbicide
– Use on annuals or non‐flowering biennials (only kills green tissue contacted by the spray, not the roots)
• Systemic/translocator herbicide– Use on perennials to kill the root– Apply when weeds actively growing– Best when weeds are small– Does not prevent new weeds
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Examples of Ingredients & Products
Ingredients (Product Examples)
Broa
dlea
f
Grass
Pre‐em
ergent
Post‐emergent
Contact
System
ic
Selective
Non
‐selectiv
e
Warm wea
ther
Cool wea
ther
oryzalin (Weed Stopper) X X X X
trifluralin (Preen) X X X
isoxaben (Gallery) X X X
diquat (Zeneca, Weed & Grass Killer) X X X X X X X
dicamba (normally combined w/ others) X X X X X X X
glyphosate (Round‐up) X X X X X X
2,4‐D (Weed B Gon) X X X X X X
acetic acid (Burn Out) X X X X X X
ammoniated soap of fatty acids (Natria) X X X X X X
glufosinate (Finale) X X X X X X X
flauzifop (Grass‐B‐Gon) X X X X X
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What about…..
Corn gluten meal?– Can work as a pre‐emergent on seeds, but it is nitrogen, so timing is critical
Household vinegar?– Household vinegar is 5% acetic acid & not an approved herbicide; 10% is better for killing weeds
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Read Product Labels
• Product may contain more than one herbicidee.g. glyphosate (systemic ‐ slow) & diquat (contact ‐ fast)
• Labels will specify residual impact to soil, but be cautious of run‐off, ground water impacts, etc.
• May need stronger application in cooler weatherCaution: chemical sterilents should not be used in residential landscapes
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How would you manage ‐
Pull, trash, burn, etc.
‐Pre‐emergent in spring (before germination)‐Hand pull‐Post‐emergent ‐Plant more desirable species that compete with weeds}Russian thistle ‐ summer annual
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Or…
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Resources
Plant ID–Weeds of the West– Plants of Arizona– Extension’s Native & Naturalized Plant Database http://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/yavapaiplants
Herbicide Information–Read product labels
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???