Archaea

Domain:

Kingdom

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria are the oldest organism living on earth. They

are unicellurar prokaryotes-microbes without cell nucleus and

any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells and

belongs to the kingdom, Archaea. They were first discovered

in 1977 by Carl Woose and George E. Fox and classified as

bacteria. Most archaebacteria appear like bacteria, when

observed under the microscope. However, they are quite

different from bacteria and eukaryotes.

Archaebacteria are found in very harsh conditions such as in

the volcanic vents or at the bottom of the sea. They can easily

survive in such extreme environment at sea vents releasing

sulfide-rich gasses, hot spring, or boiling mud around

volcanoes.

Archaebacteria Environment

Archaebacteria Cell

- The Archaebacteria kingdom is

made up of THREE different kinds of

Archaebacteria. Their funtions and

structers of their genes are more

similar to EUKARYOTES than to

Eubacteria.

- Organisms that belong to this

kingdom are all microscopic. They

live in various places, some even in

the most severe environments.

Methanogens, halophiles and

thermophiles are examples of

archaebacteria.

Examples of

Archaebacteria

•This type of Archaebacteria

live in oxegen free

enviornments and they

produce Methane gasess.

•Places methangogens can

be found are: marshes, lake

sediments, and digestive

tracts of animals.

•Commercial use: used in

sewage plant to help

breakdown sewage.

Methanogens

•Halophiles live in

water with a very high

concentration of salt.

•Halophiles can be

found: in Utah's Great

Salt Lake and The

Dead Sea in the

Middle East.

Halophiles

•These types of

archaebacteria live in hot

areas.

•The water is a very

hot/acidic sulfur spring.

•It is anaerobic and

thrives in the deep cracks

of the ocean floor.

•It is also a(n) Autotrophic

producer.

Thermophiles

Other information:

The word archae came from

the Greek word Arkhaion,

which means ancient.

Archae is also the latin

name for prokaryotic cells.

Bacteria

Domain:

Kingdom

Eubacteria

Eubacteria

Eubacteria, known as "true bacteria," are prokaryotic

(lacking nucleus) cells that are very common in human daily

life, encounter many more times than the archaebacteria.

Eubacteria can be found almost everywhere and kill thousands

upon thousands of people each year, but also serve as

antibiotics producers and food digesters in our stomachs. We

use Eubacteria to produce drugs, wine, and cheese.

The Eubacteria, also called just "bacteria," are one of the

three main domains of life, along with the Archaea and the

Eukarya. Eubacteria are prokaryotic, meaning their cells do not

have defined, membrane-limited nuclei. As a group they display

an impressive range of biochemical diversity, and their

numerous members are found in every habitat on Earth.

Eubacteria are responsible for many human diseases, but also

help maintain health and form vital parts of all of Earth's

ecosystems.

Eubacteria Cell

Eubacteria are characterised by the following

traits:

- prokaryotic

- lack mitochondrions or chloroplasts

- have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan

(rather than cellulose as found in plant cell

walls)

- a cell membrane composed of a phospholipid

bilayer that lacks cholestrol and steroids

- no mitosis - mostly asexual reproduction

many eubacteria form spores, resistant to

dehydration and most temperatures, when there

is no food and can last up to 50 years.

- all eubacteria are either spirilla (spiral

shaped), bacilli (rod shaped), or cocci

(spherical).

Types of

Eubacteria

This bacteria lives about

anywhere, including in

your body in the form of

a parasite. Saprobes

feed off of non -living

organisms and recycles

the nutrients back into

the environment where it

can be used to create

new life.

Heterotrophs

Obtain energy through

photosynthesis. Most

are a blue-green color

and are often called

blue-green bacteria.

They get this color from

chlorophyll, which is also

found in plants. They live

in chains in ponds,

lakes, and moist regions.

Autotrophs

Produce energy

by converting

inorganic matter

into organic

matter. They

break down dead

stuff.

Chemothrophs

Eubacteria

Shapes

Coccus (plural

cocci) can be used

to describe any

bacterium that has a

spherical, ovoid, or

generally round

shape. It is one of

the three distinct

bacterial shapes.

Cocci

Gram-positive, rod-shaped

(bacillus), bacteria and a

member of the phylum

Firmicutes. Bacillus species

can be obligate aerobes

(oxygen reliant), or

facultative anaerobes (having

the ability to be aerobic or

anaerobic). They will test

positive for the enzyme

catalase when there has

been oxygen used or

present.

Bacilli

Spirillum is a genus of

Gram-negative

bacteria within family

Spirillaceae. There are

two species in

Spirillum with standing

in nomenclature,

Spirillum winogradskyi

and Spirillum volutans.

Spirilla

Disease

Causing

Bacteria

Propionibacterium acnes

is the relatively slow-

growing, typically

aerotolerant anaerobic,

Gram-positive bacterium

(rod) linked to the skin

condition acne; it can also

cause chronic blepharitis

and endophthalmitis, the

latter particularly following

intraocular surgery.

Propionibacterium

Mycobacterium

tuberculosis is a

pathogenic bacterial

species in the family

Mycobacteriaceae

and the causative

agent of most cases

of tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Leptospira interrogans

is a bacterial species

that contains over 200

pathogenic serovars.

These pathogenic

bacteria, commonly

referred to as

Leptospires, are the

infectious agents that

cause the zoonotic

disease Leptospirosis.

Leptospira interrogans

Bacillus anthracis is

the etiologic agent of

anthrax a common

disease of livestock

and, occasionally, of

humans and the only

obligate pathogen

within the genus

Bacillus.

Bacillus anthracis

Bacteria with

Antibiotic

property

Streptomyces griseus is

a species of bacteria in

the genus

Streptomyces

commonly found in soil.

A few strains have been

also reported from

deep-sea sediments. It

is a Gram positive

bacterium with high GC

content.

Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces venezuelae

is a species of soil-

dwelling Gram-positive

bacterium of the genus

Streptomyces. S.

venezuelae is

filamentous. In its spore-

bearing stage, hyphae

perfuse both above

ground as aerial hyphae

and in the soil substrate.

Streptomyces venezuelae

Bacteria inside

human body

Escherichia coli also

known as E. Coli is a

Gram-negative,

facultatively anaerobic,

rod-shaped bacterium

of the genus

Escherichia that is

commonly found in the

lower intestine of warm-

blooded organisms.

Escherichia coli

Bacteria in a

Yogurt

Lactobacillus

delbrueckii subsp.

bulgaricus is one of

several bacteria

used for the

production of yogurt.

It is also found in

other naturally

fermented products.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Streptococcus salivarius

subsp. thermophilus is a

gram-positive bacteria

and a homofermentative

facultative anaerobe, of

the viridans group. It

tests negative for

cytochrome, oxidase

and catalase, and

positive for alpha-

hemolytic activity.

Streptococcus thermophilus