Bacteria! Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eubacteria.
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Transcript of Bacteria! Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eubacteria.
Bacteria!
Kingdom MoneraProkaryotes
Domain ArchaebacteriaDomain Eubacteria
Generally…
• Different classificationsDifferent classifications
• Very smallVery small
• Reproduce asexually – fissionReproduce asexually – fission
• Unicellular (may live in colonies)Unicellular (may live in colonies)
• Very diverseVery diverse
• Prokaryotes (no cell compartments)Prokaryotes (no cell compartments)
• Around for 3.5 billion years!Around for 3.5 billion years!
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg
www.darwin.nmsu.edu
What’s the difference??
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
cell size ~ 1 micrometer ~ 10 micrometers (varies!)
organelle membrane lacking membranes has internal 'compartments'
multicellular? singular; may form clumps / filaments usually multicellular
genetic material usually single circular DNA(some RNA)
linear DNA that form chromosomes
cell division binary fission;two duplicate daughter cells mitosis with nuclear division
flagella simple; spins;single fiber of protein
more complex microtubules;moves back and forth
metabolic diversity many types anaerobic & aerobic only aerobic
Relative size of cells and other particles…
This website has great information, including this demonstration of relative size
www.answers.com/topic/archaeon
General anatomy of a bacterium
From textbook
Reproduction• Predominantly binary fission
• Many able to reproduce every 20 minutes (!)
• May form endospores
• Genetic recombination may occur– Transformation:
absorb ‘loose’ DNA– Conjugation:
pieces of DNA swapped– Transduction:
involves bacteriophagesFrom textbook
From textbook
Coccus – sphere
Baccillus – oblong
Spirochete - coiled
Common shapes and classification
May also be classifiedby cell structures,
various appendages,movement,
energy source
Wikieducator.net/biology
Gram negative or positive
Gram Positive: retain a violet dye Gram Negative: retain pink dye
Some antibiotics work only on gram-positive or –negative bacteria
From textbook
Archaebacteria (Archaea)
• Ancient bacteria• Developed during early Earth
– 3.5 billion years ago– Adapted to survive in ‘extremes’
• Halophiles• Thermoacidophiles• Methanogens
• May be photosynthetic, autotrophs, heterotrophs, chemosynthetic
Eubacteria (Bacteria)
• Includes some chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, heterotrophs
• Cyanobacteria
• Different from Archaea:– In DNA & RNA– In polymerase (simpler in Eubacteria)– Peptidoglycan present in Eubacteria cell wall
(not Archaea or Eukaryote cell walls)
Not-so-beneficial BacteriaMay impact in a variety of ways
• Clostridium botulinium – produces toxic protein; food poisoning
• Staphylococcus aureus – produces toxic protein; common on skin, harmful inside body
• Salmonella spp. – food poisoning & typhoid fever
CholeraSyphilisAnthraxLeprosyBubonic Plague
TuberculosisRocky Mountain Spotted FeverTetanusDiptheria
From Wikipedia
Beneficial Bacteria• Oxygen producers• Decomposers• Bioremediation• Production of food
– Lactobacillus, Lactococcus• Pest control
– Bacillus thuringiensis• Digestion • Production of methane• Study of biology• Production of medicines• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria• Flashlight fish • Symbiosis with fungus
Bacteria&
You…