Key Terms

Charles I Divine Right Petition of Right William Laud English Civil War Cavaliers Roundheads Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector

New Model Army Charles II The Restoration Habeas Corpus Whigs Tories James II The Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights William and Mary

Charles I (1625-1648) Second king of the Stuart

Dynasty in England

Believed in divine right → belief that rulers are chosen by god and therefore are only held accountable by God

Was at war with Spain, demanded funds from Parliament → dissolves Parliament when he is refused

Charles I's Actions

Attempts to raise the money for war on his own by: Lodging unfair taxes Forcing loans from citizens, mostly knights and

nobles Imposing illegal fines for petty infractions

Parliament would attempt to get Charles to sign the Petition of Right Document that was to limit the power of the king

and reinforce the Magna Carta

William Laud

Archbishop of Canterbury

Attempted to create a Church of Scotland that mimicked the Church of England

Would lead to an uprising among the Scots

Forces Charles to work with Parliament

English Civil War 1643-1649

Charles would be forced to sign the Petition of Right which he would later dissolve.

Charles would also attempt to remove a few leaders of Parliament which led to the beginning of the English Civil War → Charles would be forced to hide in Scotland

Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

Cavaliers (Royalists) Mostly Catholic Upper class citizens Had control over most

of England Supported Charles I

Roundheads Mostly Protestant Middle and lower

class citizens Had control over most

of the money within England

Supported Parliament

Oliver Cromwell (1654-1658)

Chosen by Parliament to lead their troops against Charles I

Created the New Model Army → military force of Parliament

Was able to defeat the Royalists and claim control of England

Became Lord Protector → military dictator of England

The Fate of Charles I

Charles II (1660-1685)

Shortly after the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658 in Ireland, the English selected Charles II as the next king

He did not believe in divine right and shared power with Parliament → considered a limited monarchy

The Restoration

The Restoration is the period of time during the reign of Charles II where Parliament's power and the cultural conventions of England removed by Oliver Cromwell were restored.

Individual rights were given more protection via the Writ of Habeas Corpus → act that stated that an arrested individual could obtain a writ that would allow him to see a judge within a specific period of time and at that point it would be decided whether he would be tried for a crime or released.

The Creation of Political Parties

Supporters of the king having more power than Parliament were known as Tories

Supporters of Parliament having more power than the king were known as Whigs.

The creation of these two parties would spark the beginning of the growth of democracy in England

James II (1685-1689)

Younger brother of Charles II

Believed in divine right

Was very Catholic Was disliked by

Parliament Inspired the fear that

Catholicism would return to England.

The Glorious Revolution Parliament would request that James' daughter Mary and

her husband William rule England in place of James II. William would march on London forcing James II flight to

France → this would be considered the Glorious Revolution

William and Mary (jointly 1689-1694)

Officially known as William II (1689-1704) and Mary II(1689-1694).

Would rule jointly until Mary's death in 1694.

Would sign the English Bill of Rights → clearly delineated that Parliament would have more power than the king Became the basis for

other countries' bill of rights.