MEDIA KEY TERMSImages and Definitions for Revision

PART E: SOUND

Key Terms

• Diegesis• Sound Scape• Score (music)• Diegetic• Non-diegetic• Volume control• Dialogue

– Speech, language and accents

• Mode of address• Direct Address• Voiceover• Ambient Sound• Sound bridging (part of continuity editing)• Sound perspective• Sound effects

– Naturalistic vs unnatralistic– Foley

• Synchronous• Asynchronous• Incidental music• Sound motifs

The power of sound

• Is part of the production process but mostly with the POST-PRODUCTION process

• Like good editing, it is invisible

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ZSZbNfSpk You don’t realise how things are made!

Purpose of sound

• What purpose does sound have in TV/Film?

• Set mood/atmosphere– Romantic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBseVbq-5I8– Thrilling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCfWHqrYUqo

– Sad

– Heroic/triumphful http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCjoOOrgVMM

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDC47NsoRE0 slumdog (what mood?)

• Emphasize reality– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3q17gkuOcc matrix

Diegesis/Diegetic world

• The world of film/TV programmes we see on screen is known as the DIEGESIS or the diegetic world.

• We can only see a section of this world.

• The things that make up the diegesis are diegetic elements

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juVb1SDHWrk (diegesis)

Sound Scape

Scape = the wider scene

•The whole set of sound used

•Like ‘Mise-en-scene for sound’

Sound scape = ALL the sounds in a text

Score (music)

Music composed, arranged and played specifically for the production

Example: 1) Adele = Skyfall (James Bond)2) Celine Dion = My heart will go on (Titanic)

Basically, any music that is written for TV/film…..

Purpose = sets mood and atmosphere to a scene

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTF5XvwcYZI sound interview with quentin

Diegetic sound

• Sounds that characters CAN hear.

• Sound that comes from a person or object in the diegesis and seen within the field of vision. (can be seen in screen)

Example:

1) Matrix = hearing helicopter sounds

Diegetic sound examples

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=276mzf_Go8U top gun

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRI15yhjeNQ night club

• Don’t make assumption that music is non-diegetic!

Non-diegetic sound

• Sounds that characters CANNOT hear

• Sounds that are not in the diegesis

• Example: score (music) and voiceovers.

– Score/music will often set mood/atmosphere

Non-diegetic sounds

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6-M8lXAE8k twelve trailer

• What parts are non-diegetic?

– Third personal narrator– Score music to set mood– Text on screen– Text on black screen– Sound with countdown (numbers)– Transition sound effect (swooshing)

Volume Control

• The control of how quiet or how loud sound is

• This is to set or emphasize mood/atmosphere

• *Usually parallels with PACE (editing)

• When would sounds be quiet? Why? Effect on audience?

• When would they be loud? Why? Effect on audience?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMx-Az5Da4M how does the volume level change? Why?

Dialogue (speech & language)

• Dialogue is speech made from characters when talking (what they say)

Consider:• Language (what they say and meanings of words)• Tone (aggressive, serious, sympathetic)• Accent (where from?)• Volume (whisper or shouting)

• In hustle……compare the 2 men at the end.

Mode of address

• This is the manner in which the narrative comes across to the audience.

• Style of language used by character or narrator

– If characters are represented of an educated class perhaps they will use more sophisticated and complex vocabulary and are well spoken than of lower class

• The mode of address might cover accent used by characters of a particular regional identity (example liverpool)

• Mode of address would also cover the way in which a narrator speaks to an audience ……think of the tone– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_-7QtC2oms dove

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F08U2yCxbYg armani code

Direct address

• When a narrator and character speaks directly to audience (looking at camera)

• Brings reality and diegesis together

• This technique breaks the verisimilitude (the world of the show) and acknowledges the presence of the audience.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FG0y8efmMAQ miranda

Voiceovers

• Where voice from outside the diegesis gives the audience information. Often this voice tells us a story (narrator) or may be from a character in the story to communicate their thoughts or feelings.

• Example: this was common in film noir in 40/50’s and could give audience information about their thoughts (that perhaps only the audience should know)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV1436VsnZY (diegetic)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ sex and the city (narrating = non-diegetic)

Ambient sound

• Background sound in diegesis

• Does not have to be in field of vision

• IN field of vision = crowd in restaurant

• OUT of field of vision = traffic outside

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ identify the ambient sounds

Sound bridge

• Where sound (diegetic or non-diegestic) continues across one or more cuts/transitions.

• PART OF CONTINUITY EDITING• Called bridge because it connects and continues the sound like a bridge• It is applicable in ANY shot reverse shot when a character is talking

• Example: scene in freedom writers when guy was reading diary, and there was shot reverse shots between him and the classmates this is part of continuity editing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f8liieRepk

• Example: in love actually christmas scene = playing silent night continues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KtVKu9CfDA

Sound perspective

• Sound recording that helps us place a sound as either near or distant or coming from a particular place within the diegesis

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w_73ROcJuo

Sound effects

• Sounds added to the visuals in the editing

NATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS UNATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS

-sound of traffic outside the window added in editing-punching http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42oR8ZCmQpI&safe=active

-boing sound (for comical purpose)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qSB-JPQWbU

-whooshing sound in a flashback

Sound effect examples

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbliAXRxRhQ fighting

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sy_Aje0hnac record scratch

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjAQOjv3eg0 matrix neo swallow

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlZ5vkPS34M tron club fight

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i48Ab0rg2U cheap tricks (flying)

• http://vimeo.com/48955170 haha guys vs girls

Foley

• Foley is trick used to create naturalistic sound effects.

• It is to use different objects to imitate the sound of other objects (and then add them in post-production (editing) to emphasize the sounds for an audience

• It is used because often sounds get compromised in filming process (production process)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHa98mDfOR4

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OONaPcZ4EAs 70’s

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nu2Va2CIxfE clothes ripping

Synchronous sound

• Where the sound is synchronized with the object giving off the sound

• Ex. You can see an alarm clock and you can hear it going off

• Ex. Radio playing silent night in love actually scene

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar0xLps7WSY which are the synchronous sounds?

• .

Asynchronous sound

• Where the soundtrack is deliberately out of sync (out of time) with what we see.

• Sound that comes from an action but not precisely synchronized with the action

– Example: character has died on scene, shot remains on them but you can hear phone ring and hear answering machine (but you cant see answering machine)

– Example: an advert for drunk driving where the advert visuals are of a girl on stretcher bleeding while the voiceover is her voice with her friends telling her to have another drink and deciding to drink

Asynchronous sound examples

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j0avp3PVVE which is synchronous? Which is asynchronous?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8JJsNQoIDc hunger games bees

Incidental music/sound motif

• Non-diegetic music that accompanies events or changes of the scenes

• Incidental music is often "background" music, and adds atmosphere to the action. It may take the form of something as simple as a low, ominous tone suggesting an impending startling event or to enhance the depiction of a story-advancing sequence.

• It could be a type of music that plays when things go wrong (example simpsons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vK8NO-p1AA

• Example: Most films have 4 related motifs in theme tune: each indicating a narrative turning point: eg. Start or resolution of a chase sequence for example

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiRPWfz3HZw what does this music indicate?

Sound motifs

• Sound associated with a character or place.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyBlKqktP_E (what is this sound usually used for?)

• Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzZAnq3kZQg

What would you expect to hear in a scene in a:

School?

Arcade?

Key Terms

• Diegesis• Sound Scape• Score (music)• Diegetic• Non-diegetic• Volume control• Dialogue

– Speech, language and accents

• Mode of address• Direct Address• Voiceover• Ambient Sound• Sound bridging (part of continuity editing)• Sound perspective• Sound effects

– Naturalistic vs unnatralistic– Foley

• Synchronous• Asynchronous• Incidental music• Sound motifs

GREEN(Terms I am confident

with)

AMBER(Terms I am ok with)

RED(Terms I am not confident with)

Fill in the chart

Homework

• GREEN = revise once• AMBER = revise twice• RED = revise three times

• Search youtube and put terms on your blog(in powerpoint or blog posts)

• Extension: write meaning of terms in book as an extra form of revision

• Revision is for test on Tuesday (ALL key terms)