Name: ______________________________WHAP 101Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their ConsequenceStandards 4.0 3.5 3.0 Not a 3.0 yet

3.10.2 Create a system of organization to sequence ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions

50 – 46 points

45 - 41 Points

40 – 35 points

Under 35 points

Take notes of this packet _______/14 points

Summarize the following in 2-3 sentences (taken from Freemanpedia)

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a European-dominated global political order existed, which also included the United States, Russia, and Japan. Over the course of the century, peoples and states around the world challenged this order in ways that sought to redistribute power within the existing order and to restructure empires, while those peoples and states in power attempted to maintain the status quo. Other peoples and states sought to overturn the political order itself. These challenges to, and the attempts to maintain, the political order manifested themselves in an unprecedented level of conflict with high human casualties. In the context of these conflicts, many regimes in both older and newer states struggled with maintaining political stability and were challenged by internal and external factors, including ethnic and religious conflicts, secessionist movements, territorial partitions, economic dependency, and the legacies of colonialism.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the twentieth century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional political organization by the century’s end.

The older land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing (SEE THE CRASH COURSE BELOW ON CHINA) empires collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors (Economic hardship, political and social discontent, technological stagnation, military defeat).- Crash course video

Some colonies negotiated their independence (India from British Empire, Gold Coast/Ghana from British Empire).

Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle (Algeria and Vietnam from France, Angola from the Portuguese Empire).

2. Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states.- Crash course – Decolonization

Nationalist leaders (Mohandas Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah)in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.

- Independence Link-

Regional, religious, and ethnic movements (Muhammad Ali Jinnah, The Quebecois separatist movement, Biafra secessionist Movement)challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries

Transnational movements (Communism, Pan-africanism, Pan-arabism)sought to unite people across national boundaries.

Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism and socialism.

3. Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences

The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population resettlements (India/Pakistan Partition, Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine, Division of middle east into Mandates).

The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles   (South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States)maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.

The proliferation of conflicts led to various forms of ethnic violence (Armenia, Holocaust, Rwanda, Cambodia) and

the displacement of peoples resulting in refugee populations (Palestinians, Darfurians).

4. Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale.

World War I and World War II were the first “total wars.” Governments used ideologies, including fascism, nationalism and

communism, to mobilize all of their state’s resources (Gurkha soldiers in India, ANZAC troops in Australia, Military

conscription), including peoples, both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies, for the purpose of waging war.

Governments also used a variety of strategies, including political speeches, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to

mobilize these populations.

- World War I and World War II links

The sources of global conflict in the first half of the century varied. Required examples of the sources of global conflict:

Imperialist expansion by European powers and Japan

Competition for resources

Ethnic conflict

Great power rivalries between Great Britain and Germany

Nationalist ideologies

The economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression.

- Interwar link and Cold War

- The global balance of economic and political power shifted after end of World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold

War. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between

capitalism and communism throughout the globe.- Cold War Crash Course

The Cold War produced new military alliances, including  NATO   and the Warsaw Pact, and promoted proxy wars in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union effectively ended the Cold War.

5. Although conflict dominated much of the twentieth century, many individuals and groups — including states — opposed

this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified the conflicts.

Groups and individuals challenged the many wars (Picasso in Guernica, Anti-nuclear movement during the Cold War, Thich

Quang Duc by self immolation) of the century, and some promoted the practice of nonviolence (Gandhi, Martin Luther King,

Jr.)as a way to bring about political change.

Picasso's Guernica (Click HERE   to take a 3D tour)

Thich Quang Duc's Self Immolation

Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.

Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives (Communist leaders Ho Chi Minh and Mao Zedong, Non-aligned movement, which presented an alternative political bloc to the Cold War, Anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, Participants in the Global uprisings of 1968, Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China) to the existing economic, political, and social orders.

Part I- The Soviet Union (1922- 1991)

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Vladimir Lenin Biography- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxHUeHhdYz0

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - USSR- the Rise the Fall the Legacy- AP Human Geography- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b9haR_OM9g

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The USSR History Creation- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8408Xo0P2B4

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Joseph Stalin Biography- http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-stalin-

9491723

Focus on the Purges

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Gorbachev's Policies of Glasnost and Perestroika Explanation and Significance- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obPy5zDhOPY&nohtml5=False

Focus on: Stalin, Five Year Plan, Cold War, Détente, Ronald Regan (Pres. of USA most of 1980’s), Soviet War in Afghanistan

Big focus on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms – Glasnost and Perestroika

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Glasnost and Perestroika: The Failed Reforms that Sparked a Revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_l19PrZC2o&nohtml5=False

Focus on Glasnost, Perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev , how Communism fell (The Coup- or attempted overthrow in August of 1991 in Moscow and what happened), and Boris Yeltsin

Take notes, either by highlighting the Freemanpedia reading- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

1. BOLSHEVIK

2. SOVIET

3. SOCIALISM

4. COMMUNISM

5. PLANNED ECONOMY

6. 5 YEAR PLAN

7. PURGE

8. DETENTE

9. GLASNOST

10. PERESTROIKA

Fall of the Ottoman Empire, establishment of Modern Day Turkey

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- THE HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE - Discovery History Science (full documentary) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpPGxJT9qQI

Watch from 110:40- 116:00

What were the Sultans that followed Suleiman the Magnificent like after 1566?

What happened to the Janissaries like in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the empire?

What happened to the empire as it stopped growing or how did it become the “Sick man of Europe”?

What was the Dolmabahçe Palace like and how did it make the financial situation worse?

Describe what happened to the Armenians beginning in 1915 (This has been called the Aremenian Genocide).

Describe Mustafa Kemal’s rise to power (He will later be called Ataturk).

What happened at the end of World War I for the Ottomans after 1918?

Describe what Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) did after the war that created the modern nation of Turkey.

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Battle Over History - A Genocide- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwcDvt_ki-k&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Take notes on the view of the Armenian Genocide

Vocab Terms

Mustafa Kemal-

Armenian Genocide-

Fall of the Qing, The Chinese

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- 1911: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7oQrpk6_wkExplain how the effect the first Japanese-Sino War had on the Qing Dynasty.

Explain how Empress Cixi ruled Qing China.

How did Sun Yat-Sen try to reform and then become a revolutionary and lead the Wuchang Uprising ?

What happened on January 1st 1912, with the 15 provinces (large states)?

What happened with Yuan Chiki come to power?

How did China become Communist?

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Overview of Chinese History from 1911 – 1949- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9QtIfPIQl4

Focus on the main names and timeline used in this lecture

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The Chinese Civil War - Blood for Unity l HISTORY OF CHINA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klAjaujdE6M

Focus on the following – Chiang Kai-Shek, Nationalist Guomingdang Party (these are the “Nationalists” or GMD), Mao Zedong, Nationalists vs Communists (they fight each other in the Civil War – Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek and Nationalists led by Mao Zedong), Three armies marching north (“The Long March), Japan’s role in China- 2nd Japanese-Sino War/World War II, Why China got more support from the poor peasants in the country, 1949 – what happened to Mao and Chiang Kai Shek and the “Nationalists”.

# 37-Crash Course World History Video Notes: Communists, Nationalists, and China & Revolutions- Posted on Freemanpedia 6.2 – Stolen notes from the AP World History Teachers Facebook Page

1. The 20th century was pretty big for China because it saw not one but two revolutions: one in 1911

and the more famous _____________ revolution of 1949.

2. So as you know doubt recall China lost the Opium wars in the 19th century, resulting in European

domination, __________ ___ _____________, et cetera, all of which was deeply embarrassing to

the Qing dynasty and led to calls for reform.

3. One strand of reform that called for China to adopt European military technology and education

systems was called ______-_____________, and it was probably would have been a great idea,

considering how well that worked for Japan. But it never happened in China--

4. Instead, China experienced the disastrous anti-Western __________ Rebellion of 1900, which

helped spur some young liberals, including one named Sun Yat Sen, to plot the overthrow of the

dynasty.5. Sun Yat Sen, helped establish the _____________ of China based on three principles of the people:

_____________, Democracy, and the People’s _____________.

6. So the 1911 revolution led to the end of the _____________ Dynasty when the emperor (Puyi)

abdicated and a new government was created.

7. Localism reasserted itself with large-scale _____________ with small-scale _____________ ruling

all the parts of China that weren’t controlled by foreigners.

8. So the period in Chinese history between 1912 and 1949 is sometimes called the Chinese Republic,

although that gives the government a bit too much credit. The leading group trying to re-form China

into a nation state was the Guomindang (Kuomintang) but after 1920 the Chinese _____________

Party (CCP) was also in the mix.

9. An alliance between Communists and _____________ formed to reunify China. But then Sun Yat

Sen died in 1925 and the alliance fell apart in 1927.

10. This turned out to be a bad break up for a bunch of reasons, but mainly because it started a

________ _____between the Communists and the Nationalists.

11. Even though ______ Zedong emerged victorious, he and the communists were almost wiped out in

1934 except that they made a miraculous and harrowing escape, trekking from southern China to the

mountains in the north in what has become famously known as the ___________ _____________.

12. For much of the time the Guomindang was trying to crush the CCP, significant portions of China were

being occupied and/or invaded by _____________.

13. In spite of the fact that Chiang Kai Shek had extensive support from the _______ each time the

Nationalists failed against the Japanese, their prestige among their fellow Chinese diminished. It

wasn’t helped by Nationalist _____________ or their collecting onerous taxes from Chinese

peasants, or stories about Nationalist troops putting on civilian clothes and abandoning the city of

Nanking during its awful destruction by the Japanese army in 1937.

14. Meanwhile, the Communists were winning over the peasants in their northwestern enclave by making

sure that troops didn’t pillage local land and by giving peasants a greater say in local ____________.

15. In a preview of things to come, in 1942 Mao initiated a “rectification” program. Which basically

meant students and intellectuals were sent down into the _____________ to give them a taste of

what “real China” was like in an effort to re-educate them.

16. Within _______ years of the end of World War II the Communists routed Chiang Kai Shek’s armies

and sent them off to Taiwan and these military victories paved the way for Mao to declare the

__________ ____ ____________of China on October 1, 1949.

17. So once in power, Mao and the PRC were faced with the task of creating a new, socialist state. Mao

declared early on that the _____________ class in China would be the leaders of a “people’s

democratic dictatorship.”

18. The PRC promised equal rights for _____________, rent reduction, _____________

redistribution, new heavy industry and lots of freedoms.

19. Land redistribution and reform meant destroying the power of landlords, often violently. But

centralizing power and checking individual ambition proved difficult for the government, and it was

made harder by China’s involvement in the _____________ War, which helped spur the first mass

campaign of Mao’s democratic dictatorship.

20. Between October 1950 and August 1951 28,332 people accused of being spies or counter-

_____________ were executed in Guandong city alone.

21. Mao and the CCP set out to turn China into an ______________ powerhouse by following the Soviet

model.

22. Under the Soviet system, Russia was able to accomplish massive industrialization-- not to mention

tens of millions of deaths from starvation-- through _____________ planning and collectivization of

_____________, following what were known as _____________ Year Plans.

23. The Chinese Five Year Plans began in 1953 and the first one worked even better than expected, with

industry increasing _____________ more than projected. In order for this to work though, the

peasants had to grow lots of grain and sell it at extremely low prices which kept inflation in check.

24. For _____________ workers, living standards improved and China’s population grew to 646 million.

25. There was no way that China could keep up that growth, especially without some backsliding into

_____________. So Mao came up with the __________ _______ _____________.

26. Mao essentially decided that the nation could be psyched up into more industrial productivity. He

famously ordered that individuals build small steel _____________ in their backyard to increase

steel production.

27. The worst idea was to pay for heavy machinery from the USSR with exported _____________. This

meant there was less for peasants to eat—and as a result, between 1959 and 1962, _____ million

people died,

28. By the middle of the sixties, Mao was afraid that China’s revolution was running out of steam, and he

didn’t want China to end up just a bureaucratized _____________ state like most of the Soviet

bloc…so, the _____________ Revolution was an attempt to capture the glory days of the revolution

and fire up the masses, and what better way to do that than to empower the kids.

29. Frustrated students who were unable find decent, fulfilling jobs jumped at the chance to denounce

their _____________, employers, and sometimes even their _____________ and to tear down

tradition, which often meant demolishing buildings and art.

30. The ranks of these “________ ____________” swelled and anyone representing the so-called

“____ olds” —old culture, old habits, old ideas, and old customs—was subject to humiliation and

violence. Intellectuals were again sent to the _____________ as they were in 1942; millions were

persecuted; and countless historical and religious artifacts were destroyed.

31. But the real aim of the Cultural Revolution was to consolidate Mao’s revolution, and while his image

still looms large, it’s hard to say that China these days is a _____________ state.

32. Many would argue that Mao’s revolution was extremely short-lived, and that the real change in China

happened in 1911. That’s when the Chinese Republic ended _____________years of dynastic history

and forever broke the cyclical pattern the Chinese had used to understand their past.

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Mao Zedong - The life of Chairman Mao Declassified History Documentary- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5u8LjN66uo&nohtml5=False

Begin watching at 3:00

3:00- 4:50 What were the strengths of Mao Zedong?

4:50 - 6:05 What happened when Mao Zedong went to the Soviet Union for help and why did their relationship fall?

6:05 - 7:10- Describe what was the Great Leap Forward and what was the result of The Great Leap Forward.

13:25 – 32:30 How did Mao Zedong use the Cultural Revolution to take back power, what was Jiang Qing’s (Mao Zedong’s wife) and describe the effects of the Cultural Revolution – (be sure to include The Little Red Book, struggle sessions and The Red Guard).

36:00 – 40:30 How did the Cultural Revolution end? What role did the United States play in it?

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- What Happened in Tiananmen Square?- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdhVe2MmPbE

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Tank Man https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0gD523fwU8&ebc=ANyPxKqf0Hv2d-NoX0pyQm_MQjgSXK7x_eYUDRJSPu45ANjEvI3Y400ag0wUwWtCnvR8GrsRbC0LFMVShF3HUyjB4J8Ijak44ABegin taking note at 1:30- 8:40

What happened in June of 1989 at Tiananmen Square?

What happened on June 5th 1989 with the “Tank Man?”

- What effect did this man have?

8:45- 11:30- How did these protest begin and what were people protesting against and what did they want?

11:45- 12:35 -Why was it such a big deal when workers got more involved in the protest, instead of just being student led?

12:45- 16:10- What happened when troops were first brought in to Tiananmen Square?

16:10 – 28:10 - How did the Chinese army come in the second time in Tiananmen Square on June 3rd, 1989 and what was the result?

28:15- 30:50 What happened the next day on June 4th, 1989?

30:50 –35:07 - What were the results of the Tiananmen massacre?

Take notes, either by highlighting the Freemanpedia reading- Qing Downfall to People’s Republic of China

Vocab Terms

1. Empress Cixu

2. Sun Yat-Sen

3. Yuan Chiki

4. Chiang Kai-Shek

5. Mao Zedong

6. Guomingdang

7. The Great Leap Forward

8. Struggle Sessions/meetings-

9. Tianamen Square

Indian Independence Movement and Partition

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- The Indian Independence Movement (Guest Teacher: Mr. Guilford) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnGZ4MyNlLA&nohtml5=False

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Mahatma Gandhi Biographyhttp://www.biography.com/people/mahatma-gandhi-9305898

Watch the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Pakistan And India Partition 1947 - The Day India Burned - by roothmens- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppMJGxcFACg

Beginning to 1:30 – Overview- What happens when Britain leaves India and India becomes two countries, India and Pakistan?

2:40 – 5:10- What was the population like in India before it became independent with religions (Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs)- Focus on what was Lahore like as a city?

6:20 – What has the independence movement like by 1946 and what effect did World War II have on the British controlling India?