Kenaf Composite Manufacturing Process
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Transcript of Kenaf Composite Manufacturing Process
Application of novel feeding system extrusion in manufacturing Tropical Kenaf Plastic Composite
Khalina Abdan, Phd
Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology,
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products,(INTROP)
Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400,Serdang, Selangor.
Presentation outline Overview of Kenaf Malaysia Kenaf Fibre Processing Extrusion Feeding System Kenaf Polymer Composites Potential of Biobased Composite Industry in
Malaysia
KENAF MECHANIZATION
4
Land PreparationSowing & Fertilising
1 week
3.5 Month old
Pest Control 2 months
2nd fertilizing
Overview of Kenaf Industry in Malaysia
The developing of kenaf industry is reflected by two important
events:The transformation of (MNTB) to Malaysian National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (MNKTB) and the inclusion of kenaf industry as one of strategic industries under the East Coast Economic Region (ECER) Development Program
Malaysian government has taken the initiative to focus on the development of kenaf-based products by integrating the upstream to downstream processing R&D, towards economic and marketing activities
Kenaf Fibre Processing
Infield Processing (decortication) (MNKTB)
Whole stem to long bast and water retting
Hammer mill processing (KFI Sdn. Bhd.) Whole stem to short bast and core fibre (10 -20mm),
Pulverizing process (Polyregion Sdn. Bhd.) Chip fibre to fine fibre (0.2-1mm)
ChipPulverise
Screening process
Fibre Density (g/cm3)
Elongation(%) Tensile Strength(MPa)
ElasticModulus (GPa)
Cotton 1.6 7 287 5.5
Flax 1.5 2.7 345 27.6
Hemp 1.5 1.6 690 70
Sisal 1.5 2 511 9.4
Ramie 1.5 1.2 400 61.4
Kenaf 1.4 1.6 930 53
Jute 1.3 1.5 393 26.5
Coir 1.2 30 175 4.0
Bledzki et al.,2000
FIBRE PROPERTIES
Graph L/D ratio
Graph bulk density
Graph moisture content
Bulk density for kenaf(250µ -650µ)
FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: Physical Properties Properties
DTG kenaf fiberFT-IR Graph
Water degradatio
n
Water degradatio
n Lignin degradation
Lignin degradation
Hemicellulose degradation
Hemicellulose degradation
Hemicelluloses
O-H plane bending
(3341cm-1 and 3345
cm-1)_
FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: Thermal and Thermal and Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
Florescence Microscope
Kenaf fiber SEM photomicrograph illustrating the present of hollow portion in
natural fibre (1000x).
SEM photomicrograph illustrating the present of kenaf fiber in plastic
composite
FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: FIBER CHARACTERIZATION: MorphologicalMorphological
Extrusion Feeding System
It has been designed to provide less clogging and efficient mixing of kenaf and plastic in order to achieve desire fibre loading using various fibre mesh by applying continuous feeding system
The feeding rate study was conducted to identify relationship between fibre mesh and the highest potential fibre loading
The optimization processing condition was examine to determine the suitable feeder speed, main screw mixer speed and mixing temperature.
Plastic FeederKenaf Feeder
Twin Spiral ScrewAgitator
Water Bath
Biocomposite Twin Screw Extruder :
Main Part of Extruder : Feeder
Side Feeder motorMain Feeder
Motor
To ensure continuous feeding of kenaf ; two motors are required whereby first motor dedicated to avoid clogging and second motor devoted for transportation of kenaf fiber
Main Feeder Side feeder
Motor Single Unit 2 Units
Input Plastic resin Kenaf fiber
Advantages of Kenaf Feeder
1. High in output precision2. High volume of output
Project’s Potential
Feeder for light weight material in composite compounding and extrusion industries, food industries and material handling industries.
Motor Speed Output Tolerance
Double Stage Feeder 25 Hz 177 g/min ±3%
Single Stage Feeder 25 Hz 82 g/min ±11%
Compounding zone
Melting Zone
Kenaf enter the barrel
Metering Zone
Main Part of Extruder : Barrel
Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 190 200 220 220 190 190 190 190 190 190
15 CM
15 C
M
Dumble Size
Instron Tensile Test Machine
The research was supported by Grant of Economic Planning Unit, Prime Ministry Department
Title : Development of Biocomposite Material
from Kenaf Fibre for Industrial Building System and Furniture Component.
Sub research title: Rheological Behaviours of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Plastics Composite prepared using Biocomposite Twin Screw Extruder.
NATURAL FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITE MILLS
Acknowledgement