Kannada for the North Indian

8/3/2019 Kannada for the North Indian

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Kannada for the North Indian (Part I)

A reader Sohan Mahanto submitted the following comment at my post Language

Tidbits:

I wish you could help new Bangaloreans like me on how to pickup the local language

(Kannada). Some basic practical examples like talking to autodrivers, busconductors,

maids, the dukaanwalah etc. Most of my colleagues are North Indians or non-locals

and are all in the same boat. As for the locals, they all know Hindi. So [there is] no

chance for people like us to learn Kannada.

I was myself planning to put up a Kannada tutorial sometime. Sohan's comment

spurred me on to actually get down to the task.

Disclaimer: Kannada is not my mother tongue. (Fortunately, that turns out to bean advantage since I can then suggest ways to learn the language as a non-native.)

And I am no scholar either. So if you try the "Kannada" learnt by supposedly

following my tips on your maid-servant and get slapped on the cheek, you have my

sympathies; but I assume no legal responsibility.

I plan to do this tutorial in a series of posts; and these are targetted primarily at the

folks from the northern states. But fellow peninsular Indians may also find

something of value.

So here we go.

- - - - -

Kannada is a part of the Dravidian family of languages. North Indian languages, as

we all know, belong to a separate clan, the Indo-European. Now, this might give an

impression that Kannada is very different from the North Indian languages and that

learning it might be a daunting uphill task. This is not true: I would like to point out

that it took (in 1816) the scholar Alexander Duncan Campbell30 whole pages of his

grammar text to demonstrate that South Indian languages are a different familyvis-

a-vis the North Indian languages. If it took so much effort to distinguish the two

families, there must indeed be a lot of similarities between them. So even if the task

of learning Kannada is not easy, it may not require a Himalayan effort. Perhaps just a

Vindhyan one.

While the Kannada language may belong to a different family-tree, the
http://srican.blogspot.com/2006/08/language-tidbits.htmlhttp://srican.blogspot.com/2006/08/language-tidbits.htmlhttp://srican.blogspot.com/2006/08/language-tidbits.htmlhttp://srican.blogspot.com/2006/08/language-tidbits.html


2/14

Kannadascriptis descended from the same ancestor as are all the other Indian

scripts Brahmi. And this is where we will begin our study from. I will compare the

Kannada script with Devanagari to highlight the similarities, but the same can be

done with any other northern script too.

The Kannada Script

The Kannada varnaml is represented in the same format as the Devanagari one.

First the vowels a to au, together with the anuswra and the visarga. Next come

the consonants falling into different rows - beginning with ka, ca, ta, ta, pa, ya,

aand terminating in ha.

The extra letters (not present in the northern scripts) are:

the short vowel e (pronounced like the E in "get")

the short vowel o (pronounced like the O in "poetry")

the retroflex consonant la (equivalent of the Marathi )

A large number of Kannada characters bear such a close resemblance to their

Devanagari counterparts that I believe that the script can be learnt in a week. Only a

little amount of imagination is needed to discern the similarities.

Let's consider, for instance, the Kannada character ka (). First, take theDevanagari ka and remove its "helmet." Next, rotate it by 90 degrees anticlockwise.

And lo behold, the Kannada ka!

Character kha is as easy. Take the

Devanagari kha, remove its inner circle and its helmet too. Next, circle up the bends.
http://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfSN0h0HrI/AAAAAAAAAAg/CQMgGMRoN2g/s1600-h/ka2.PNGhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfQJ0h0HqI/AAAAAAAAAAY/r-RT4XxLFPE/s1600-h/ka1.PNGhttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabet


3/14

And here it is:

Some more examples: Ga.

cha:

Ta

Na

na

Va:
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Rpfde0h0HvI/AAAAAAAAABA/gG5twKNhjMQ/s1600-h/na.PNGhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Sg2qcT7IQgI/AAAAAAAAAF4/S-dvT7lIoTM/s1600-h/kannada_Na.pnghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Sg2qDy-zBhI/AAAAAAAAAFw/1SUAnVf70ls/s1600-h/kannada_Ta.pnghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Sg2p1p2ZfUI/AAAAAAAAAFo/fgZd_FXrV3U/s1600-h/kannada_cha.pnghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfYoEh0HuI/AAAAAAAAAA4/Z5XPRMQHsTg/s1600-h/ga.PNGhttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfUikh0HtI/AAAAAAAAAAw/g3PePai3RVE/s1600-h/kha2.PNGhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfUWUh0HsI/AAAAAAAAAAo/1xuF6htQhFU/s1600-h/kha1.PNG


4/14

You get the idea now. I leave the other characters as an exercise. (Link: The complete

alphabet.) As I said before, all that is needed is a little imagination.

Using other mnemonics:

ma:

ha:

(1) In Devanagari, a number of letters are formed out of the following shape:

... such as:

Similarly in Kannada, the following template:

... gives rise to:

(2) In Devanagari, some letters are

written the same way, except for the fact that in one, the "head" touches the helmet,

and in the other, it does not. For example, in the letter(ma), the head touches the
http://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Rpj-iUh0H0I/AAAAAAAAABo/PKFmqJxp740/s1600-h/kantemplate.PNGhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Rpj-LEh0HzI/AAAAAAAAABg/B3gOOaiJN-U/s1600-h/kantemplate0.PNGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Rpj4j0h0HyI/AAAAAAAAABY/dPQz_i-xSXk/s1600-h/devtemplate.PNGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Rpj4M0h0HxI/AAAAAAAAABQ/d1OZf510OIM/s1600-h/devtemplate0.PNGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Sg2xhxVLXcI/AAAAAAAAAGA/UMwuTO0uv4k/s1600-h/hanuman.pnghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/Sg255-ZOM2I/AAAAAAAAAGI/i-FFVkDG4Hk/s1600-h/mother.pnghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8mVWV6JEnnM/RpfdlEh0HwI/AAAAAAAAABI/kWkskr4Aysw/s1600-h/va.PNGhttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabethttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_alphabet


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helmet. But in the letter (bha), it does not. Otherwise, they both look alike.Another example is the pair, (gha) and (dha).

Similar cases exist in the Kannada script too. The letters na () and sa () are writtenalike except that the latter's head does not touch the helmet. So also, theletters va () andpa (). In the non-touching cases, note the small circle inDevanagari and the dot in Kannada.

(3) When the letters get together to form words in Kannada, their helmets

do notmerge into a common roof (as it happens in Devanagari). The helmet of each

letter retains its independence. That is:

+ = (The helmets merge.)But,

+ = (The helmets do not merge.)(4) A very important note on pronunciation. In Indian scripts, every letter has an

implicit "a" sound. is "Ka," not "K." But in North Indian languages, the letters

sometimes lose this vowel depending on their position in the word. E.g., in the word

, pronounced somvaar, the letters and lose the implicit "a" vowel.*

This does not happen in Kannada (or any other South Indian language, for that

matter). In the example above, the correct pronunciation in Kannada would beso-

muh-vaa-ruh.

For a lot of North Indians, this tendency to clip off the implicit A vowel is a difficult

habit to unlearn. But practice, practice. Every time you catch yourself sayingKor-

mang-laa, go to your company pantry and punish yourself by consuming a cup of

caffeine. And then say aloud a hundred times,Ko-ruh-mang-uh-luh.

As another example, consider the following word:

It is correctly pronounced va-nuh. Not van. The word means, as you may have

guessed already, forest.

Exercise: What's written here?


6/14

Vowel Marks (mtrs)

The Kannada vowel diacritical marks. These are quite simple too. There isn't much

for me to say here.

Conjunct Consonants

(1) In Devanagari, when two consonants combine, it is the first consonant that is

modified. The second remains unaffected. For example,

+ = In Kannada, the opposite is true. The first is unaffected:

+ = The second consonant is written as a subscript to the first; but otherwise there is no

change in its form.

(2) Besides becoming a subscript, some consonants have a totally different form

when participating as the second. These are listed here. Some examples:

(Dommalru or Domlur) (Bannrughatta or Bannerghatta)

In their modified forms, these consonants resemble their Devanagari counterparts

much more than in their simple forms.

(3) As in Hindi, the anuswra is used as a substitute for nasal consonants. E.g.,

(Imdir Nagara) **(Banaamkari)

- - - - -

Other parts of this series:

Part 2: Nada to Kannada: Basic introduction to Spoken Kannada.

* Bengali and Oriya are probably exceptions.Jana Gana Mana, Bengali names like

Aurobindo, Subroto and Oriya names like Satchidananda Mohanty, etc. suggest a
http://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_diacriticshttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_diacritics#conjuncthttp://srican.blogspot.com/2007/10/kannada-for-north-indian-part-ii-nada.htmlhttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_diacriticshttp://srikanths.infogami.com/kannada_diacritics#conjuncthttp://srican.blogspot.com/2007/10/kannada-for-north-indian-part-ii-nada.html


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Sanskrit-like pronunciation.

** In Dravidian languages, words do not end in a long "" vowel.

Labels: Language

POSTED BY SRIKANTH AT 7/14/2007 12:38:00 AM

2 5 C O M M E N T S :

said...

visit www.kannadakali.org

JULY 16, 2007 8:13 PM

Anonymous said...

Hi Srikanth,

That was a well-written introduction, as has always been a feature in your

posts! Interesting how Devanagari can be converted to Kannada.

JULY 16, 2007 10 :23 PM

Manjunathsaid...

A very novel way of teaching Kannada! Frankly, it has left me, a native

speaker, confused!!

Similar cases exist in the Kannada script too. The letters na () and sa ()are written alike except that the latter's head does not touch the helmet. So

also, the letters va () and pa (). In the non-touching cases, note the small

circle in Devanagari and the dot in Kannada.

I write '' and '' with a small circle touching the helmet. The helmet may ormay not touch the body. Did I learn wrong or limitation of internet bringing

about new changes?

JULY 17, 2007 12:19 PM

Manjunathsaid...
http://srican.blogspot.com/search/label/Languagehttp://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17099681395705909932http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#2587651073090133465http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#5739307509256073000http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#5739307509256073000http://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#8964397176838689848http://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934http://srican.blogspot.com/search/label/Languagehttp://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17099681395705909932http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#2587651073090133465http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#5739307509256073000http://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#8964397176838689848http://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934


8/14

By the way, in your Kannada alphabet you have missed 'zha'() only Ra() ispresent.

Also, you can add alveolar nasal (n) or called 'nakarapillu'. It is written likestraightened Tamil Na (- turn this 90 degrees anti-clockwise).

JULY 17, 2007 12:33 PM

Srikanth said...

: I had a look at the Kannada Language Guideat that site. Seems a usefulresource. Thanks.

Anon: Thanks a lot for your good words!

JULY 17, 2007 6:35 PM

Srikanth said...

Manjunath:

Frankly, it has left me, a native speaker, confused!!

;-)

I write '' and '' with a small circle touching the helmet. The helmet may ormay not touch the body.

I have had very little exposure to handwritten Kannada. Whatever I have

written here is from my (limited) knowledge of printed Kannada. Here, I am

just trying point out some common patterns in both scripts for easier

understanding. If a circle should be used in place of the dot, it is good because

I can map it to Devanagari more directly.

in your Kannada alphabet you have missed 'zha'()...Oops... Thanks for pointing out! Is this letter commonly used in contemporary

Kannada?

you can add alveolar nasal (n) or called 'nakarapillu'

I don't seem to find it in the Unicode Kannada. I think you had mentioned

before that it was only used in archaic Kannada, right?
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9/14

JULY 17, 2007 7:10 PM

Manjunathsaid...

Is this letter commonly used in contemporary Kannada?

Both 'zha' and 'Ra' went out of use centuries back.

I don't seem to find it in the Unicode Kannada. I think you had mentioned

before that it was only used in archaic Kannada, right?

I have seen the usage of it in 20th century Kannada. But from whatever I

gather from the net it looks like it is mostly used in northern Karnataka (and

probably in the coastal region as I hail from that region).

JULY 18, 2007 5:05 PM

Ellelliyusaid...

Hi Srikanth!

My blog aims at reaching out to the Northi interested in learning Kannada as

well:

kannadaviahindi.blogspot.com

However, your introduction to

the way Kannada can be derived from Hindi is awesome! I'm a native

Kannada speaker, but I've never observed these differences!

Sakkath, maga :)

JULY 18, 2007 6:54 PM

Srikanth said...

(Sorry about the delay. I was away from the Internet the whole of yesterday.)

Manjunath:Both 'zha' and 'Ra' went out of use centuries back.
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10/14

Oh, even 'Ra'? In that case, I think I'll need to modify the post a little...

Ellelliyu: Thank you! And that's a pretty comprehensive tutorial there in

your blog!

JULY 19, 2007 11:18 PM

Anjali said...

i've have spent two years in b'lore, and traveled within karnataka. though i can

speak kannada well, i had trouble getting used to the script. your tutorial was

helpful.

and, out of all the south languages, i have discovered that spoken kannada isthe easiest to learn, specially the one spoken in b'lore. The b'lore dialect has

plenty of loanwords from hindi/urdu (shuru, raste, zaroori, sama (equal) etc).

telugu to some extent also has urdu laonwords (roz-u, khabar-lu). northwards

of hubli near bidar or gulbarga, there are whole hindi sentences used within

kannada.

digressing and reading your old posts, even i'm amazed at how well b'lore

kannadigas speak tamil, though i cant understand it one bit! i guess thats

because tamil is not influenced by hindi!

JULY 22, 2007 11:21 AM

Anjali said...

also, kannada numbers are a little confusing, specially if you look at the

numeral 3, which actually looks like 2.. sorry i cant type them in kannada

here, i hope you are able to understand :) luckily though, buses in b'lore dont

seem to be using the kannada numerals anymore. though i cribbed about the

overusage of kannada on the boards, i learnt to read them in parts, and i was

able to exercise what i learnt when i visited hyderabad too!

JULY 22, 2007 11:29 AM

Srikanth said...

Anjali,
http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#1462347052583551905http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#3732759458606620903http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#1002291553129618799http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#1462347052583551905http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#3732759458606620903http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#1002291553129618799http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576


11/14

Thanks for your comments!

I have also noticed that the Kannada spoken here has a large number of

loanwords from Urdu, English, etc. Kannada itself has a large number ofSanskrit words.

One of the reasons I have described the script in the first part is because:

1. It's pretty easy to learn.

2. We can read the bus routes.

2. Once we start reading the signboards, we realise we can often understand

what they mean without knowing much of the language.

I can't read the Kannada numerals too!

JULY 23, 2007 11:46 AM

Neelanjan said...

like so many others here, I have found your Kannada derivations helpful. I

have memorised how Domlur is spelt in Kannada, and a funny thing I would

like to tell you is that the 'da' of Kannada without the helmet looks like ..

well :). 'ba', 'tha', 'dha' look the same :D, and I once boarded a "bem. bus

station" bus instead of a "domlur" bus!

I have used this to help me find out buses going towards Domlur,

Doopanahalli, Dommasandra, etc.

And have to agree with Anjali: knowing the Kannada script also helps when

you go across to AP :)

AUGUST 04, 2007 8:34 PM

Srikanth said...

Nilanjan,

the 'da' of Kannada without the helmet looks like .. well :)

Well, it's all good as long as it helps you learn better! You can even use similar

anatomical resemblances to distinguish () and () ;-). In the same vein, I'd
http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#6676055614782348082http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#4101842776492361381http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#6676055614782348082http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#4101842776492361381http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576


12/14

like to point out that nearly all aspirated letters are males.

ba', 'tha', 'dha' look the same

True. You may have heard of the observation that to a foreigner, all Chinesepeople look alike. It's the same thing here as well, in the beginning. You can

develop your own helpful mnemonics to remember/distinguish similar-

looking characters.

knowing the Kannada script also helps when you go across to AP

Right -- they are so similar that one can consider them to be different fonts of

the same script.

AUGUST 05, 2007 11:32 PM

Anonymous said...

srican..

Im curious to know why you have addressed just north Indians. Is it because

compared to a telugu or a tamill, the northi is at a relative disadvantage when

it comes to kannada?

there are tons of telugus and tamils who claim they cant understand a word in

kannada, when in fact tel/tam/kan are so similar, which baffles me.

AUGUST 28, 2007 8:26 PM

Srikanth said...

Anon,

I would have written a Kannada tutorial for a South Indian in a different way.

One reason is, as you point, the large similarities between Kannada and other

SI languages.

This is customised for a North Indian audience.

AUGUST 28, 2007 9:28 PM
http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#4031629056310264127http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#3944476303426391283http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#2881580494600736383http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#4031629056310264127http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#3944476303426391283http://www.blogger.com/profile/12537754576532835576http://srican.blogspot.com/2007/07/kannada-for-north-indian-part-i.html#2881580494600736383


13/14

Sohan Mahato said...

Thanks Srikanth for this wonderful tutorial! Waiting eagerly for Part II..

SEPTEMBER 17, 2007 8:02 PM

said...

I am an avidblogger, and guess what I live in Mysore(only for twomonths now) and lived in Bangalore for two years previously. I absolutely love

Kannada, and have put some effort in to learning it.

The way you brought out the similarities between devanagari and Kannada

lipi is awesome.

I was just telling a Nothi friend that, Telugu lipi and Devanagari came from

the same Brahmi lipi. Now I have the evidence to prove it!

Thanks a lot!

NOVEMBER 24, 2007 4:04 PM

Srikanth said...

,!

As you point out, because of common parentage, there are many similarities

among the Indian scripts. Some are particularly similar -- Kannada and

Telugu can even be considered different fonts of the same script. Grantha and

Malayalam are very similar too. The same is probably true of Assamese and

Bengali.

In fact, I started the series of the tutorial with the script since Kannada and

Devanagari scripts have more things in common than Kannada and N.Indian

languages.

NOVEMBER 26, 2007 7:10 AM

Anonymous said...
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14/14

Hi all,

I need to learn kannada only speaking and not writing..........How to do

that????????

OCTOBER 24, 2008 10:31 PM

Anonymous said...

Can anybody tell good site for learning how to speak Kannada ?

DECEMBER 04, 2008 8:07 PM

sudhir kumar said...

Wonderful Effort! Keep up the good work.

AUGUST 22, 2009 2:21 PM

satyarafisaid...

superb yaar, ur try for relation between Devnagari and kannada is superb.

Very efficient way.

OCTOBER 31, 2009 11:12 PM

AUGMENTsaid...

simply superb. I am looking forward for next post.

MAY 06, 2010 5:37 PM

mendra11 said...

Hi Srikant what an amazing brain you have man. I think it would have taken a

lot of time to develop this technique. hat's doff to you man. now onwards I will

use this technique to learn kannada language which I have been trying for

long time with not much success. Hope this help me a lot.

Thank you for this nice work.
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Kannada for the North Indian

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