June 2014

Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented Development Plan

Executive Summary

City and County of Honolulu

Planning for Rail TransitWhat is Honolulu Rail Transit?The Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project is currently being undertaken by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration and the City and County of Honolulu. The rail system is projected for completion in 2019 and will extend approximately 20 miles across Oahu. It will run on a fixed guideway system in an exclusive elevated right-of-way, serving 21 stations

Integrating neighborhood planning with rail planning is essential to realizing the full potential of this major transit investment.

between East Kapolei and the Ala Moana Center. The rail project is expected to help reduce the growth of traffic congestion by taking cars off the road; improve travel reli-ability; shorten travel times for most riders between home and work; and increase transportation options by transit, bicycle, and on foot.

How Can We Prepare for It?The Department of Planning and Permitting is currently preparing Neighborhood TOD Plans to help integrate land use and transportation planning around the rail sta-tions in anticipation of the rail project. The plans are in-tended to address opportunities for new development and holistically plan for orderly growth and improved acces-sibility around the stations.

The Kalihi corridor includes the Kapalama, Kalihi, and Middle Street station areas. It hosts a range of small com-mercial and industrial businesses and is home to long-time

residents and new immigrants. The planning process for the Kalihi corridor has involved public workshops, advi-sory committee meetings, and a community needs survey. Throughout the process, the community has acknowledged the corridor’s opportunity to become a well-connected, compact, and mixed-use part of the city.

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P a c i f i c O c e a n

P A C I F I C O C E A N

What is TOD? Transit-oriented development (TOD) typically refers to development within easy walking distance of a major transit stop that both capitalizes on and supports transit ridership. TOD may be redevelopment of existing facilities or new development. Transit stops may be rail stations, major bus stops, or other well-used transit hubs. The areas where TOD typically occurs is the ¼- or ½-mile radius around the station/stop (a five or ten-minute walk). TOD should be designed at the pedes-trian scale, since all transit trips begin and end as walking trips.

TOD is typically moderate to higher density development, with a mix of residences, employment, and shopping. Higher densities are an important part of TOD in order to encourage use of transit, reduce the area devoted to parking, and support shop-ping, open space, and pedestrian facilities. Higher densities also create more hous-ing choices and affordable housing, and reduce household transportation costs.

The Kalihi Neighborhood TOD PlanWhat are the Objectives of the Plan?

The Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Plan articulates a vision for the future of the Ka-lihi corridor and will guide its development over the next era of the city’s growth. It will enhance transit access and walkability by enabling more people to live and work with-in walking distance of a rail station. The Plan envisions more diverse housing and employment opportunities,

reinvigorated educational centers, and a new mixed-use neighborhood in Kapalama. New open spaces and a new promenade along Kapalama Canal will enhance livability. An enhanced circulation network in the Kapalama station area, as well as improved accessibility within the Middle Street station area, will better connect residents, workers, and tourists to key destinations, homes, and jobs.

How Will the Plan Affect Me? Improved transit access and new shopping and services adjacent to the rail will be beneficial for residents and em-ployees in Kalihi, where parking is limited. It will enable community members to enjoy new uses throughout Ka-lihi, such as restaurants and convenience retail, as well as rail access to other parts of the city. Streetscape and circu-lation improvements throughout the Kalihi corridor will make the neighborhood more walkable and bikable, and Kapalama Canal and Keehi Lagoon Park will both become more accessible and better integrated into the area.

A new high intensity mixed-use district in Kapalama would provide housing in close proximity to Downtown and the rail system and a full complement of neighborhood ame-nities, including stores, public facilities, social services, and parks. Kapalama could become a new and attractive neighborhood for a variety of population segments—pro-fessionals working in Downtown or Kalihi, young people just starting out their careers, students attending Honolulu Community College, as well as seniors who want conve-nient access to services without having to drive.

2. Maintain and Enhance DiversityEnhance the unique character of Kalihi includ-ing its multiple ethnicities, multi-generational households, small “mom and pop” businesses, mix of uses, and housing affordability. Address concerns about maintaining the affordability of housing, small businesses, and industrial/ware-house uses.

Guiding Principles for Kalihi Neighborhood1. Revitalize Kalihi into a More Livable Community

Promote redevelopment/re-use depending on the unique conditions around each station. Invest in the community by enhancing existing facilities and encouraging new development that supports the community vision and capitalizes on transit access.

3. Improve the Quality of Public Spaces Integrate the rail stations into their surroundings; improve overall streetscapes, including sidewalk improvements/provision, trees and landscaping, new streets to provide better walking connec-tions (particularly mauka-makai connections), and undergrounding of utilities; provide safe and accessible parks and open spaces.

COMMUNITY VISION: Kalihi will be a livable urban community with a balance of employment, residential, and recreational uses that enjoy high-quality transit access and reflect the area’s central location and rich cultural heritage. Neighborhoods will be pedestrian- and transit-friendly, where children walk to school, parents shop for basic goods near their homes, and community members enjoy access to good jobs, good food, safe streets, and quality open spaces, housing, and services. Revitalized districts in strategic locations, particularly around Kapalama Station, will capitalize on the presence of Honolulu Community College, the area’s proximity to Downtown, and its natural resources. The community’s ethnic, income, age, and small business diversity is maintained and enhanced through a variety of housing, commercial, education, and economic opportunities. The corridor’s assemblage of varied districts—Kapalama, Kalihi, and Middle Street—will retain unique identities as they develop and evolve.

4. Improve Connections to the Waterfront Improve access to Sand Island recreational areas and Keehi Lagoon Park from the Middle Street Transit Center and enable safe and comfortable pedestrian crossing of Nimitz Highway. Enable pedestrian and bicycle access and views of the waterfront, where feasible.

5. Create a Convenient and Accessible Transportation NetworkCreate a convenient transportation system that integrates bus and rail transit, bicycle facilities, pedestrian connections, and adequate off-street parking. Provide a consistent set of amenities in and around each rail station (e.g. adequate light-ing, bicycle parking) to ensure safety and meet basic service needs.

6. Increase Public Safety Add lighting, find solutions for the homeless popu-lation, abate graffiti, encourage new residential and active uses that provide “eyes on the street,” and offer programs for youth to ensure that community members feel safe and that streets are clean and attractive.

COMMUNITY VISION: Kalihi will be a livable urban community with a balance of employment, residential, and recreational uses that enjoy high-quality transit access and reflect the area’s central location and rich cultural heritage. Neighborhoods will be pedestrian- and transit-friendly, where children walk to school, parents shop for basic goods near their homes, and community members enjoy access to good jobs, good food, safe streets, and quality open spaces, housing, and services. Revitalized districts in strategic locations, particularly around Kapalama Station, will capitalize on the presence of Honolulu Community College, the area’s proximity to Downtown, and its natural resources. The community’s ethnic, income, age, and small business diversity is maintained and enhanced through a variety of housing, commercial, education, and economic opportunities. The corridor’s assemblage of varied districts—Kapalama, Kalihi, and Middle Street—will retain unique identities as they develop and evolve.

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TOD Plan Concept

The TOD Plan Concept Map illustrates the vision and guiding principles for the Plan, including generalized land uses, conceptual park locations, key destinations, neighborhood structure, and connections. The future land uses, which are described in detail in the Plan, provide the founda-tion for development around the three Kalihi corridor stations.

Middle Street Station AreaThe Middle Street area becomes a major multi-modal hub where resi-dents can transfer from bus to rail to get Downtown, to the airport, and to other destinations along the rail line. Vital commercial and industrial uses are preserved makai of Nimitz Highway, while streetscape enhance-ments and improved connections to Keehi Lagoon Park will make the area more walkable and accessible. In the long term, the Plan envisions a revitalized medium-intensity mixed-use district Diamond Head of the station near a transformed Oahu Community Correctional Center.

Kalihi Station AreaWhile the scale and character of the Kalihi area will be maintained, a greater mix of uses will be permitted along Dillingham Boulevard and “active” frontages will be required along many blocks in order to provide transit riders with an array of shopping and services. New higher-density housing and rehabilitation of units in disrepair will be encouraged in the

Community Character

Mixed-use designations accommodate a range of uses, including residential, shopping, employment, and community services, that support neighborhood vibrancy at various times of the day and week.

residential areas, and new uses and public services will accommodate the needs of seniors, children, and families.

Kapalama Station Area

The Kapalama station area will see the greatest transformation as the Plan approaches buildout. A new high-intensity mixed-use district will add residences, public facilities, and neighborhood shopping, with the tallest heights and high-est building intensities surrounding the station. New streets and pathways will break up the large blocks to provide better access to the station, to Iwilei and Downtown, and to a new linear park/promenade along Kapalama Canal that will serve as a major open space in the area.

Existing neighborhoods are a major focus of the Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan. The Plan preserves the neighborhoods’ existing assets while targeting sites for revitalization to ensure safety and capitalize on rail access.

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TOD Plan Concept

A conceptual 3-D computer model shows a range of land uses in a potential buildout of the Kapalama station area. The tallest heights and highest intensities are closest to the station, establishing a new walkable mixed-use district.

In the Middle Street station area, aesthetic and circulation improvements are essential in creating a public realm that is conducive to walking and biking, and that supports transit ridership. Improved pedestrian accessibility to Keehi Lagoon Park (above) is a central part of the Plan.

TOD PLAN CONCEPT

In the Kalihi station area, improved streetscapes and crosswalks combined with mixed-use development enhance the area as a busy, walkable district, with a mix of business and employment opportunities, residences, and neighborhood-serving commercial. A conceptual illustration of Puuhale Road is shown above.

Streets & TransportationThe Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan recommends creat-ing an integrated and convenient multi-modal circulation network that emphasizes transit and pedestrian movement. Improvements are located primarily within the TOD Zone—an area that encompasses most of the corridor’s sites with development or redevelopment potential, and the area where special district regulations will apply. The foundation of this network is local streets, which will be designed and maintained to accommodate all users, con-sistent with the City’s Complete Streets policy. The TOD Plan identifies potential locations for new local streets that provide the neighborhood’s basic transportation and open space framework and improve access to stations and exist-ing and future development. Proposed streets are primarily located in the Kapalama station area to provide access to and within the proposed mixed-use district.

In addition to local streets, the TOD Plan identifies a range of improvements to pedestrian and bicycle facilities within the station areas. These elements enhance neighborhood accessibility, attractiveness, and safety while also expand-ing mobility options and reducing reliance on vehicles for all trips. In the Kalihi station area, many of the streets are

identified to be designed as “living streets,” in which they balance the needs of parking, vehicle access, and pedestrian and bicycle safety through traffic-calming techniques rath-er than through standard sidewalk and curb construction.

Waterfront PromenadeA promenade is proposed along both banks of the Kapalama Canal and along Keehi Lagoon, Ewa of the Middle Street station. With consistent landscaping and improved pedes-trian access, the promenades would provide a recreational area that is attractive, peaceful, and directly accessible from the rail stations. The promenades would also enhance non-vehicular access to two major community facilities—the Community College and Keehi Lagoon Park.

Bicycle FacilitiesThe Plan’s recommended bicycle routes (Class III), lanes (Class II), and paths (Class I) efficiently and safely con-nect bicyclists to the rail stations, to destinations within the Kalihi and Downtown corridors, and to the regional bike network. Based on the Draft Oahu Bike Plan, this plan designates a number of new bicycle facilities within the corridor as well as new bicycle routes and lanes on pro-posed streets and on the waterfront promenades.

Sidewalk and Crossing Improvements The Plan recommends a number of specific sidewalk and crossing improvements. These include installing or widen-ing sidewalks or striping where appropriate, particularly along Dillingham Boulevard and Mokauea Street; adding lighting, shade trees, street furniture, directional signage, and other pedestrian amenities; installing new pedestrian bridges across Kapalama Canal; and improving crosswalks, particularly across Kalihi and Middle streets.

Walkable and bikable communities not only enhance livability, but also support increased transit ridership.

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Fig. 18 Circulation

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CIRCULATION

Urban design determines the character, feel, and livability of an area. The Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan addresses physical urban design elements such as buildings, blocks, and streets, as well as the location, orientation and design of open space, the pedestrian realm, and landscaping elements. The basic elements of urban design that the Plan regulates are the public realm and open space, such as parks and plazas.

Public RealmDefined as the space between the built environment and the street edge, the public realm is integral to users’ experience in an urban area. The Plan provides policies to inform the design of, among other elements, sidewalk and streetscapes, building façades and massing, and parking. Its goal is to cre-ate memorable and livable streets and streetscapes that pro-mote identity and enhance pedestrian comfort and safety.

Urban DesignOpen SpaceThe Plan proposes several new parks and open spaces, and green connections between them. These spaces, which will help to balance the density of development, include:

• CommunityParks that offer a range of recreation opportunities and amenities.

• Small urban parks and plazas, including public/private spaces developed as part of new develop-ments, that provide space for rest and shade.

• “GreenStreets” that connect existing and planned open spaces to create an open space network and highlight views. Green Streets are characterized by a regular spacing of large shade-providing street trees on both sides of the street.

• Promenades along Kapalama Canal and Keehi La-goon, which provide opportunities to walk, bike, and sit along the waterfront, as well as a pleasant way to access transit stations and other major com-munity facilities.

Below: Conceptual illustration of an improved Kapalama Canal, serving as a gathering place for nearby workers, residents, and college students.

A well-defined and well-designed sidewalk creates a pedestrian-scaled experience, which in turn supports active uses like retail and community services.

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Fig. Open Space and Public Realm

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Open Space Public Park/Open SpacePotential Future Park Location(Conceptual)

Public Realm Proposed Promenade Sidewalk ImprovementsGreen StreetsFacade ImprovementsOverlook PointExisting Pedestrian/Bike PathProposed Pedestrian/Bike PathProposed StreetsProposed Pedestrian/Bike Bridge

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How and When Will the Plan be Implemented?

The Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan has been developed through a four-phase process that began in December 2010. Community involvement has been integral to shap-ing the Plan—it is the users, such as local residents and workers, who can best determine how to create a balanced and livable urban environment with the introduction of rail.

The process has involved neighborhood board meetings, public workshops, interviews, a community survey, a proj-ect website, and the release of a Public Review Draft in September 2012. The Final Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan was published in June 2014.

The Plan works together with the City’s other regulatory documents, including the Land Use Ordinance, to outline the vision, policies, and specific regulations for new devel-opment, while providing enough flexibility to allow land owners and applicants to make decisions based on market demands and economic conditions. It is anticipated that most new development and support infrastructure will be privately funded. Some development may take place in

the short-term in advance of or soon after the rail is fully operational in 2019; other development projects and im-provements may take as many as 20 or 30 years to come to fruition. The City is preparing zoning regulations that will create a TOD Special District to explicitly promote TOD and help implement the Plan’s vision. In addition, the Plan suggests funding mechanisms and priorities for regional support infrastructure.

Planning ProcessFull Plan Available at:

http://dev.honoluludpp.org/planning.aspx

ContactReneeEspiauCity & County of HonoluluDepartment of Planning and Permitting 650 South King Street, 7th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96813(808) 768-8050respiau@honolulu.gov