K: Plantae = The Land Plants

What is a plant?

Multicellular autotroph?

With complex tissues?

And blue pigment, phycocyanin

From green algae - early clues

Chlorophylls

Carotenoids & other pigments

Starch

Cellulose

Alternation of generation

From Charophycean green algae

1. rosette terminal complexes (RTCs) in plasma membrane for making cellulose

2. Special peroxisomal enzymes for toxic oxygen products

chlorophytes charophytes/land plants

From Charophycean green algae

3. Type of flagellar root base

4. phragmoplasts (for cytokinesis)

(4 bundles)

microtubulesmicrotubules

Charophycean algae

retain zygote

Alternation of generation

mitosis

mitosis

mitosis

mitosis

mitosis

Walled spores made in sporangium/ia

Gametes made in gametangium/ia

Male: antheridium/ia

Female: archegonium/ia

Apical meristems 33-6

33-7

Non-vascular plants

Moss life cycle

Plants (gametophytes) can be

hermaphroditic/bisexual

monoecious

dioecious

Plants (sporophytes) can be

homosporous

heterosporous

Cuticle with flavonoids

Rhizoids

Air pore

Major innovations

P: Bryophyta = mosses

Sphagnum

P: Hepatophyta = liverworts

P: Anthocerophyta = hornworts

Seedless vascular plants

xylem

phloem

P: Lycopodiophyta

stems

rhizoids

Early vascular plant (fossil): Rhynia

First leaves

P: Lycopodiophyta

Lycopodium = ground pine/cedar

homosporous

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ChXba3dus

Selaginella = spike moss

heterosporous

heterosporous too

P: Pteridophyta = ferns

Azolla = mosquito fern

Fern life cycle

indusium

Innovations/ changes

“Big” leaves

croziers = fiddleheads

Horsetails = scouring rushes