July 2016 - transport.govt.nz · This Freight Information Gathering System (FIGS) report covers the...

Ensuring our transport system helps New Zealand thrive

Freight Information Gathering System & Container Handling Statistics April 2015 - March 2016July 2016

ISSN: 2253-2560

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Contents

1. Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 3

Section A – Trade Data ........................................................................................................... 4

Section B – Coastal Bulk Cargo ............................................................................................. 11

Section C – Container Freight................................................................................................ 12

2. Container shipping at a glance .............................................................................................. 12

3. Map 1: Container loads and discharges (full and empty) ........................................................ 16

4. Map 2: Container loads and discharges (full) ......................................................................... 17

5. Map 3: Container loads and discharges (empty) .................................................................... 18

6. Container movements: imports, exports, and transhipment loads ........................................... 19

7. International ship visits and container exchanges .................................................................. 20

8. Ship visits .............................................................................................................................. 22

9. Exports and imports – 20 foot and 40 foot container balance ................................................. 24

10. Coastal movements ............................................................................................................... 25

11. Map 4: Arrival port – where the containers are from ............................................................... 26

12. Map 5: Departure port – where the containers are going ........................................................ 27

13. Containerised export classification ......................................................................................... 28

14. Land transportation mode – road or rail ................................................................................. 30

15. Coastal movements of containers on domestic ships ............................................................. 31

16. Hazardous containerised cargo ............................................................................................. 32

Section D – Container Handling Statistics .............................................................................. 33

Section E – Rail and Road Data ............................................................................................ 36

17. FIGS cargo movements – explanatory note ........................................................................... 41

18. Glossary ................................................................................................................................ 44

Appendix A – Quarterly Trade Commodity Codes .................................................................. 45

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1. Executive summary

This Freight Information Gathering System (FIGS) report covers the period 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016.

Exports and imports

36.6 million tonnes were exported from New Zealand by sea in the year to March 2016. By volume, 68 percent was bulk exports, and 32 percent was containerised. The real value of sea exports was $40.4 billion, of which 82 percent was containerised and 18 percent was bulk export.

20.7 million tonnes were imported by sea in the year to March 2016. In real value, imports by sea were worth $53.3 billion.

More information on quarterly trade data is available in section A.

Ship visits

New Zealand is continuing to see a marked increase in ship visits made by large ships. In the quarter ending June 2012 there were 5 ship visits from ships of 4000 TEU or greater. In the quarter ending March 2016 there were 50 ships of 4000 TEU or greater. Approximately 48 percent of import and export containers travel on ships of 4000 TEU or greater.

More information about ship visits is available in section C.

Container handling statistics

The container handling statistics for New Zealand measure ship rate, crane rate, and vessel rate. The weighted average ship rate, the average crane rate, and the weighted average vessel rate per labour hour were relatively unchanged in the quarter ending March 2016.

More information about container handling statistics is available in section D. Rail freight

Dairy and milk products, wood products, and coal were the largest commodity groups moved by rail in the year to March 2016. Cumulatively they accounted for 59.5 percent of all rail tonnes, and 44 percent of all rail tonne-kms.

More information about rail movements is available in section E.

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Section A – Trade Data

The following data has been provided by Statistics New Zealand. It provides a summary of all international freight movements, both containerised and bulk. All values have been split into sea and airfreight. Appendix A provides more detail on commodity codes. Note : Figures A1, A2, A5, A6 and A9 there are no 2013 ironsands exports via port Taharoa in the information provided to FIGS by Customs/Statistics NZ. This is known not to be correct, and we expect this will be corrected and these graphs will be updated.

Figures A1 and A2 show the value and volume of bulk and containerised trade from New Zealand. Containers made up the majority of value for exports, at 82 percent for the year to March 2016, whereas bulk provided the majority of volume for exports, at 68 percent.

Figures A3 and A4 shows that the average value per tonne over the year to March 2016 for containerised goods is 10 times higher than for bulk exports, at $2,875 to $285.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

08Q4 09Q4 10Q4 11Q4 12Q4 13Q4 14Q4 15Q4

Figure A1: Rolling 12 month real export value ($m)

Containerised Bulk

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

08Q4 09Q4 10Q4 11Q4 12Q4 13Q4 14Q4 15Q4

Figure A2: Rolling 12 month export volume (tonnes 000)

Containerised Bulk

2,000

2,200

2,400

2,600

2,800

3,000

08Q

4 09

Q2

09Q

4 10

Q2

10Q

4 11

Q2

11Q

4 12

Q2

12Q

4 13

Q2

13Q

4 14

Q2

14Q

4 15

Q2

15Q

4

Figure A3: Real containerised export value per tonne (NZ $)

0

200

400

600

08Q

4 09

Q2

09Q

4 10

Q2

10Q

4 11

Q2

11Q

4 12

Q2

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13Q

4 14

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14Q

4 15

Q2

15Q

4

Figure A4: Real bulk export value per tonne (NZ $)

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36.6 million tonnes were exported through sea ports in the year to March 2016, a small increase from the year to December 2015. 19.8 million tonnes were forestry products.

The real value of sea exports in the year to March 2016 was $40.4 billion, of which $10.8 billion was dairy. The real value of dairy exports decreased slightly from the year to December 2015.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

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01Q

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13Q

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4

15Q

4

Figure A5: Sea export volume (tonnes 000) Rolling 12 month totals

Forestry products

Other, confidential

Metals

Machinery, electrical, transport Chemicals, plastics, rubber Minerals, coal, oil

Food, skins, wool

Dairy

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

00Q

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4

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4

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06Q

4

07Q

4

08Q

4

09Q

4

10Q

4

11Q

4

12Q

4

13Q

4

14Q

4

15Q

4

Figure A6: Real sea export value ($m) Rolling 12 month totals

Forestry products

Other, confidential

Metals

Machinery, electrical, transport Chemicals, plastics, rubber Minerals, coal, oil

Food, skins, wool

Dairy

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20.7 million tonnes were imported through sea ports in the year to March 2016, of which 7.3 million tonnes were oil and coal.

The real value of sea imports in the year to March 2016 was $49.1 billion. Vehicles account for $9.2 billion, oil and coal accounted for $6.1 and chemicals, plastics, and rubber accounted for $7.5 billion.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

00Q

4

01Q

4

02Q

4

03Q

4

04Q

4

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4

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4

07Q

4

08Q

4

09Q

4

10Q

4

11Q

4

12Q

4

13Q

4

14Q

4

15Q

4

Figure A7: Sea import volume (tonnes 000) Rolling 12 month totals

Other

Vehicles (road,rail,air,sea) Machinery/electrical

Metals

Chemicals, plastics, rubbers Oil and coal

Food

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

00Q

4

01Q

4

02Q

4

03Q

4

04Q

4

05Q

4

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4

08Q

4

09Q

4

10Q

4

11Q

4

12Q

4

13Q

4

14Q

4

15Q

4

Figure A8: Real sea import value ($m) Rolling 12 month totals

Other

Vehicles (road,rail,air,sea)

Machinery/electrical

Metals

Chemicals, plastics, rubber

Oil and coal

Food

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Figures A9 and A10 show 12 months export and import tonnage by port.

Exports from New Zealand’s 14 exporting ports over the year to March 2016 range from 13.2 million tonnes at Port of Tauranga to 663,000 tonnes at Port Marlborough. Port of Tauranga continues to be both the biggest bulk and containerised exporting port.

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

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2012/13

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2012/13

2014/15

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2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

1 N

orth

Por

t 2

Ports

of

Auck

land

3

Taha

roa

4 Po

rt of

Ta

uran

ga

5 Po

rt G

isbo

rne

6 Po

rt of

N

apie

r 7

Port

Tara

naki

8

Cen

trepo

rt 9

Port

Mar

lbor

ough

A

Port

Nel

son

B Ly

ttelto

n C

Prim

epor

t Ti

mar

u D

Por

t Ota

go

E So

uthp

ort

Figure A9: Export tonnage (000) 12 months ending March

Container

Bulk+ unknown

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The highest volume of imports at a New Zealand seaport was 5.5 million tonnes at North Port. North Port continues to be the largest bulk importer, whilst Ports of Auckland continues to be the largest containerised importer with 2.9 million tonnes.

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2010/11

2012/13

2014/15

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

2011/12

2013/14

2015/16

1 N

orth

Por

t 2

Ports

of

Auck

land

4

Port

of

Taur

anga

5

Port

Gis

born

e 6

Port

of

Nap

ier

7 Po

rt Ta

rana

ki

8 C

entre

port

9 Port

Mar

lbo

roug

h A

Port

Nel

son

B Ly

ttelto

n C

Prim

epor

t Ti

mar

u D

Por

t Ota

go

E So

uthp

ort

Figure A10: Import tonnage (000) 12 months ending March

Container Bulk+ unknown

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The volume of New Zealand exports and imports by air has been increasing. The volume in the year to March 2016 was up 1.7 percent on the year to March 2015.

Air freight carried 0.3 percent of New Zealand’s exports by volume, and 15.3 percent by value in the year to March 2016. It also carried 0.5 percent of imports by volume and 22.1 percent of imports by value.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

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11Q

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4

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4

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4

Figure A11: Air trade volume (tonnes 000) Rolling 12 month totals

Volume exported Volume imported

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

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01Q

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4

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4

13Q

4

14Q

4

15Q

4

Figure A12: Real air trade value ($m) Rolling 12 month totals

Real value exported Real value imported

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Figure A13 provides a breakdown of forestry product exports by type. Forestry products comprised 53.7 percent of New Zealand’s sea exports by volume and 11.3 percent of sea exports by value in the year to March 2016. Forestry products exported were 19.8 million tonnes in the year to March 2016, of which 79.2 percent were logs, 8.7 percent were pulp and paper, 9.5 percent were processed timber, and 2.6 percent were wood chips.

Logs at $131 per tonne make up 42.3 percent of forestry exports by value, processed timber at $800 a tonne make up 30.9 percent, pulp and paper at $724 a tonne make up 25.5 percent, and wood chips at $113 a tonne make up 1.2 percent.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

05Q4 06Q4 07Q4 08Q4 09Q4 10Q4 11Q4 12Q4 13Q4 14Q4 15Q4

Figure A13: Foresty product export volume (tonnes)

wood chips

pulp and paper

processed timber

logs

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

05Q4 06Q4 07Q4 08Q4 09Q4 10Q4 11Q4 12Q4 13Q4 14Q4 15Q4

Figure A14: Foresty product export value ($m)

wood chips

pulp and paper

processed timber

logs

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Section B – Coastal Bulk Cargo

The following data has been provided by Coastal Oil Logistics Ltd and Z Energy Ltd, for domestic oil shipments since July 2009. Coastal Oil Logistics Ltd is owned by, and provides oil supply to, New Zealand’s four largest petrol companies: BP Oil New Zealand Ltd, Chevron New Zealand Ltd, Mobil Oil New Zealand Ltd, and Z Energy Ltd. This data includes oil shipped to Auckland by Z Energy on their barge ‘Awanuia’.

Mount Maunganui remains the largest single destination for oil deliveries, followed by Lyttelton and Wellington.

2.54 million tonnes of oil were shipped domestically from Marsden Point in the year to March 2016.

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

Tonn

es

Figure B1: Oil deliveries from Marsden Point

Apr11-Mar12 Apr12-Mar13 Apr13-Mar14 Apr14-Mar15 Apr15-Mar16

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Section C – Container Freight

2. Container shipping at a glance

This section of the report provides data since January 2012. The graphs that follow illustrate the following major trends:

• The five main ports have increasingly large proportions of their import/export containers travelling on ships of 4000 TEU or more in the quarter ending March 2016. Lyttelton Port had 71 percent, Port Otago had 60 percent, Port of Tauranga had 51 percent, Ports of Auckland had 40 percent, and Port of Napier had 41 percent.

• Around 48 percent of import/export containers travel on ships of 4000 TEU or more.

• 40 foot refrigerated containers have replaced some of the 20 foot refrigerated containers.

• Since 2012, the percentage of full export containers has dropped from 88 percent to 87 percent.

• Because of the high number of refrigerated containers that are imported empty, only about 70.9 percent of import containers are full.

• Port of Tauranga volumes have increased because Maersk has moved a service from Auckland to Tauranga,

and Ports of Auckland volumes have dropped.

• PrimePort Timaru TEU was at its lowest at below 20,000 TEU in the year ending December 2013, but has been increasing since then to around 81,876 TEU in the year ending March 2016.

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TEU volumes Since 2012, imported TEU volumes are up 14% and export volumes are up 12%. Some of the recent domestic growth is containerised cement.

Cargo on ships of 4000 TEU or more (rolling 12 months) Ships of 4000 TEU or more handle a significant share of the import and export containers at the five main ports – Port Otago, Lyttelton, Port of Tauranga, Ports of Auckland and Port of Napier.

Import and export containers moved on ships of 4000 TEU or more The proportion of import and export containers moved on ships of 4000 TEU or more peaked at over 50% in February 2015, but has fallen to around 44.2% in March 2016.

Area export containers full (rolling 12 months)? Since 2012 there was a decline overall in the percentage of containers exported full, due mainly to a rise in the rate of empty 20 foot containers being exported, but it has since recovered to 2012 levels. Almost all reefer containers exported are full.1

Export container types (rolling 12 months) The comparison with 2012 shows a move from 20 foot refrigerated containers to 40 foot.

Are import containers full (rolling 12 months)? There has been a slight increase in the percentage of import containers that are full recently, but the overall rate is limited as most refrigerated containers arrive empty.

1 Further information is provided in the Supplementary FIGS report – empty container movements at - http://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Sea/Documents/Empty-container-supplementary-FIGS-report-Jun-2015.pdf

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

Dec12 Jun13 Dec13 Jun14 Dec14 Jun15 Dec15 Export Import Domestic Transhipment/re-export/?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Dec12 Jun13 Dec13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15

Lyttelton Port of Napier Port Otago Centreport Ports of Auckland Port of Tauranga

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dec12 Jun13 Dec13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15

Containers exported - 12 month totals

20ft full 20ft reefer full 40ft full 40ft reefer full All containers

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

Dec-12 Jun-13 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15

20ft 20ft reefer 40ft 40ft reefer

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


20ft full 20ft reefer full 40ft full 40ft reefer full All containers

http://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Sea/Documents/Empty-container-supplementary-FIGS-report-Jun-2015.pdf

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Import container types (rolling 12 months) The import container mix shows the same trend as the export mix – an increase in 40ft relative to 2012.

Land movement of containers to/from the ports (quarterly) Rail’s relative share of the container movements to and from the ports had been dropping, but is going up again due to the higher numbers through Tauranga.

Size of container ships visiting NZ (quarterly) The visits by ships of 4000 TEU or more to New Zealand started increasing in quarter 4 of 2012.

Total TEU capacity of ships visiting NZ (quarterly) Adding ships of 4000 TEU or more to the NZ trade lead to a considerable increase in nominal capacity.

TEU exchanges by ships visiting NZ (quarterly) Exchanges by smaller ships have dropped in total and per visit, suggesting that their utilisation may be declining.

TEU loads and discharges (rolling 12 months) Imports and exports make up the great majority of loads and discharges.

80

90

100

110

120

130

140


20ft 20ft reefer 40ft 40ft reefer

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Rail In Rail Out Road In Road Out

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1 500-999 1000-2499 2500-2999 3000-3999 4000-4999 5000+

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1 5000+ 4000-4999 3000-3999 2500-2999 1000-2499 500-999

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1 5000+ 4000-4999 3000-3999 2500-2999 1000-2499 500-999

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

Dec12 Jun13 Dec13 Jun14 Dec14 Jun15 Dec15 Export Import Domestic Transhipment/re-export/?

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Rolling 12 month TEU totals

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Ports of Auckland

Export Import Domestic Tranship+other

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Port of Tauranga


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Port of Napier


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2

Port Taranaki


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Centreport


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Port Nelson


0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Lyttelton


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Primeport Timaru


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Port Otago


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Southport


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3. Map 1: Container loads and discharges (full and empty)

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4. Map 2: Container loads and discharges (full)

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5. Map 3: Container loads and discharges (empty)

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6. Container movements: imports, exports, and transhipment loads

Figure C1 shows the split of imports, exports, and transhipment movements by port over the last 12 months.

Please note: These graphs show TEU movements. Imports are reported to FIGS as container discharges, exports as container loads, and coastal transhipments as a load in one port and a discharge in another. To prevent double counting of transhipments only loads of coastal transhipments are included in this analysis.

Figure C1 shows that by type of container movement, imports were the most common at Ports of Auckland, while exports were the most common at Port of Tauranga.

Figure C2 shows that the Ports of Tauranga had the largest overall TEU movements, and Auckland had the majority of import transhipment loads.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Ports of Auckland

Port of Tauranga

Port of Napier

Port Taranaki

Centreport Port Nelson

Lyttelton PrimePort Timaru

Port Otago

South Port

Figure C1: Import, export and transhipment movements (TEU)

Imports Exports Export transhipment load Import transhipment load

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

Ports of Auckland

Port of Tauranga

Port of Napier

Port Taranaki

Centreport Port Nelson

Lyttelton PrimePort Timaru

Port Otago

South Port

Figure C2: Import, export and transhipment movements (TEU)

Imports Exports Export transhipment load Import transhipment load

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7. International ship visits and container exchanges

The following information relates only to TEU carried on international ships. For a definition of ‘international ship,’ see page 44.

2685 port visits and 909 ship visits were made in the year to March 2016. A ‘ship visit’ is a trip to New Zealand by a vessel. Multiple ports may be visited on one ship visit. A ‘port visit’ is a visit to a specific port by a vessel. A ship that visited multiple ports will be recorded in multiple columns.

Table 9: International port visits April 2015 – March 2016

Ship size

Por

ts o

f A

uckl

and

Por

t of

Taur

anga

Por

t of N

apie

r

Cen

trepo

rt

Por

t Nel

son

Lytte

lton

Prim

epor

t Ti

mar

u

Por

t Ota

go

Sou

thpo

rt

? 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 < 500 teu 1 27 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 500-999 teu 30 86 11 0 2 8 0 0 0 137 1000-1499 teu 36 39 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 1500-1999 teu 55 59 0 52 52 51 0 0 0 269 2000-2499 teu 26 36 29 15 10 20 23 10 12 181 2500-2999 teu 130 111 91 88 69 45 65 23 27 649 3000-3499 teu 73 40 41 14 15 6 14 31 5 239 3500-3999 teu 110 83 41 11 5 20 6 30 7 313 4000-4499 teu 102 104 101 24 0 98 0 39 0 468 4500-4999 teu 21 69 24 9 0 62 0 50 0 235 5000-5999 teu 4 19 3 3 0 16 0 12 0 57 Total 588 673 374 216 153 327 108 195 51 2685

Figure C3 shows the average, maximum, and median number of TEU exchanged per ship visit at each port in the year to March 2016. The largest exchange was made at Port of Tauranga, where 5,202 TEU were exchanged in a single visit.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Figure C3: TEU exchanges by international ships Apr 2015 - Mar 2016

average

maximum

median

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Figure C4 shows the trend to ships of 4000 TEU or more visiting New Zealand.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

13Q

1 13

Q3

14Q

1 14

Q3

15Q

1 15

Q3

16Q

1 13

Q2

13Q

4 14

Q2

14Q

4 15

Q2

15Q

4 13

Q1

13Q

3 14

Q1

14Q

3 15

Q1

15Q

3 16

Q1

13Q

2 13

Q4

14Q

2 14

Q4

15Q

2 15

Q4

13Q

1 13

Q3

14Q

1 14

Q3

15Q

1 15

Q3

16Q

1

500-999 teu 1000-2499 teu 2500-2999 teu 3000-3999 teu 4000+ teu

Figure C4: Total TEU exchanges by ships visiting NZ, by ship size

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

13Q

1 13

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14Q

1 14

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15Q

1 15

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1 13

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13Q

4 14

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14Q

4 15

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4 13

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13Q

3 14

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14Q

3 15

Q1

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3 16

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14Q

2 14

Q4

15Q

2 15

Q4

13Q

1 13

Q3

14Q

1 14

Q3

15Q

1 15

Q3

16Q

1


Figure C5: TEU exchanges per visit to NZ, by ship size

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8. Ship visits

The following information is derived from the Marine Safety Charge statistics, from Maritime New Zealand.

Figure C6 shows trends in the number and types of ships that have visited New Zealand since 2007. The number of container ship visits has fallen over this time.

Figure C7 shows that the median size and overall capacity of ships visiting New Zealand has not recently changed.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

07Q3 08Q3 09Q3 10Q3 11Q3 12Q3 13Q3 14Q3 15Q3

Figure C6: Quarterly ship visits

Container ships Bulk Carrier Oil/gas/tanker General Cargo Reefer Roro Vehicle Carrier Passenger Ship

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

07Q3 08Q3 09Q3 10Q3 11Q3 12Q3 13Q3 14Q3 15Q3

Figure C7: Total and median quarterly TEU capacity

Total ship TEU capacity Median ship TEU capacity Max TEU size

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Figures C8 – C10 shows the TEU capacity mix of the container ships that have visited New Zealand. The number of visits by ships of 4000 TEU or more has increased since 2013.

Note: Total TEU capacity is nominal as it may not be possible to fully load ships due to the weight of New Zealand export containers, and on some trade routes the ships may already be partially loaded with containers from Australia.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

13Q

1 13

Q3

14Q

1 14

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15Q

1 15

Q3

16Q

1 13

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13Q

4 14

Q2

14Q

4 15

Q2

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4 13

Q1

13Q

3 14

Q1

14Q

3 15

Q1

15Q

3 16

Q1

13Q

2 13

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14Q

2 14

Q4

15Q

2 15

Q4

13Q

1 13

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14Q

1 14

Q3

15Q

1 15

Q3

16Q

1


Figure C8: Size of container ships visiting NZ (TEU)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C9: Size of container ships visiting NZ (TEU)

500-999 1000-2499 2500-2999 3000-3999 4000-4999 5000+

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C10: Total TEU capacity of ships visiting NZ

500-999 1000-2499 2500-2999 3000-3999 4000-4999 5000+

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9. Exports and imports – 20 foot and 40 foot container balance

Figure C11 shows the net tonnage (loaded container weight less the weight of the container) exported by container type. The earlier trend towards 40ft reefer containers is now happening with dry containers.

Figure C12 shows the net tonnes imported by container type. 40ft dry containers are now carrying a larger share of imports than previously.

There is more information in the above section “Container shipping at a glance” on page 12.

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

12Q4 13Q1 13Q2 13Q3 13Q4 14Q1 14Q2 14Q3 14Q4 15Q1 15Q2 15Q3 15Q4 16Q1

Figure C11: Net export tonnage Rolling 12 month totals

20ft 40ft 20ft reefer 40ft reefer

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

12Q4 13Q1 13Q2 13Q3 13Q4 14Q1 14Q2 14Q3 14Q4 15Q1 15Q2 15Q3 15Q4 16Q1

Figure C12: Net import tonnage Rolling 12 month totals

20ft 40ft 20ft reefer 40ft reefer

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10. Coastal movements

Figure C13 shows the movements of containers, both intra and inter-island. In recent quarters the greatest movements have been North Island to South Island full (NI to SI full), and South Island to North Island full (SI to NI full) and intra-North Island empty (NI to NI empty). The large number of intra-North Island empty movements are due to trade imbalance (Ports of Auckland is New Zealand’s largest container import port, and Port of Tauranga is the largest port for container exports). This imbalance requires the movement of empty containers around the country.

Figure C14 shows the growth in coastal movements relative to 2012. For instance the ‘13Q1’ bar shows the 12 months to March 2013 relative to 2012. Coastal movements have grown slightly more than imports and exports (also see the above “Container shipping at a glance” on page 12).

Maps 4 and 5 show where coastal container movements originate and finish.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

14Q1 14Q2 14Q3 14Q4 15Q1 15Q2 15Q3 15Q4 16Q1

Figure C13: Movements between NZ ports Rolling 12 month totals

NI to NI Empty NI to NI Full NI to SI Empty NI to SI Full SI to NI Empty SI to NI Full SI to SI Empty SI to SI Full

92

96

100

104

108

112

116

120

12Q4 13Q1 13Q2 13Q3 13Q4 14Q1 14Q2 14Q3 14Q4 15Q1 15Q2 15Q3 15Q4 16Q1

Figure C14: Growth in coastal movements Rolling 12 months

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11. Map 4: Arrival port – where the containers are from

Coastal TEU movements35,000

17,500

3,500

to Ports of Aucklandto Port of Taurangato Port of Napierto Port Taranakito CentrePortto Port Nelsonto Lytteltonto PrimePort Timaruto Port Otagoto South Port

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12. Map 5: Departure port – where the containers are going

Coastal TEU movements35,000

17,500

3,500

from Ports of Aucklandfrom Port Taurangafrom Port of Napierfrom Port Taranakifrom Centreportfrom Port Nelsonfrom Lytteltonfrom PrimePort Timarufrom Port Otagofrom South Port

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13. Containerised export classification Dairy products are the largest containerised export commodity group. Food varies by season from 54 percent to 67 percent of the classifiable TEU. Wood and paper products vary between 23 percent and 33 percent (some of the cargo in the FIGS data feed cannot be classified).

Note: Unclassified food has been included in foodstuffs

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C15: Export TEU

Animal : dairy Animal : meat Animal : fish Foodstuffs Vegetable products Wood products Paper products Other Not classifiable

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C16: Share of the classified TEU

Food Wood+paper products

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Table 13 shows the types of container used for imports and exports of commodities.

Exports of cargo in full containers were mostly classified. Imports of full containers were mostly unknown.

Table 13: Container types used for exports and imports

Exports Imports

20ft dry 20ft reefer 40ft dry 40ft

reefer 20ft dry 20ft

reefer 40ft dry 40ft

reefer Full container, unknown cargo 29605 1258 35311 9959 218524 6314 159950 9393

Animal : meat 7323 35540 35 18485 23 409 . 627 Animal : dairy 54744 24327 60309 11025 254 140 263 96 Animal : fish 627 8155 8 4285 443 254 9 444 Animal : other 597 194 735 771 17 7 75 2 Foodstuffs 15836 1920 4524 1164 1091 584 78 708 Chemicals 5623 244 1988 153 15597 755 9059 4330 Hides, skins, leather and furs 5763 . 185 . 6 . 1 . Mineral products 2430 . 8 . 151 . 12 . Machinery/electrical 1536 11 2386 11 158 9 399 . Miscellaneous 1085 . 554 . 806 4 1415 9 Metals 20128 . 2697 1 493 2 234 1 Plastics/rubbers 1241 1 4306 . 141 3 176 12 Stone and glass 565 . 413 . 178 . 312 438 Transportation 419 . 745 . 33 88 169 435 Paper products 21364 . 29838 . 159 3 2131 1 Vegetable products 4227 1713 2867 26819 3392 182 149 832 Wood products 2179 . 54203 . 70 . 356 1 Textiles, clothes and footwear 6473 1 1248 1 234 33 178 21 Food unclassified 14537 4666 4778 5135 1794 6494 515 12296

Total full containers 196302 78030 207138 77809 243564 15281 175481 29646 Total empty containers 57574 1234 22294 2489 23730 59999 56697 49382 Total containers 253876 79265 229432 80298 267294 75280 232178 79029

% full 77.3% 98.4% 90.3% 96.9% 91.1% 20.3% 75.6% 37.5%

Full TEU 844,226 669,099 Empty TEU 108,374 295,887 All TEU 952,601 964,988

Note: Reefer containers may not necessarily be operating in refrigerator mode.

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14. Land transportation mode – road or rail

A larger proportion of land movements of containers into and out of ports are now by road (see “Container shipping at a glance” on page 12 and the following graph on page 14).

Port Otago had portions of its gate-in and gate-out made by unknown land mode (indicated by ‘?’ in the graphs below), meaning the road figures may be misleading.

Note: These figures do not include CentrePort, who asked that their land transportation mode figures not be made public.

0

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20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Road Rail Road Rail Road ? Rail Road Road

Auckland Tauranga Napier Taranaki Nelson Lyttelton Timaru Otago Southport

TEU

Figure C17: Land mode into the port 14Q2

14Q3

14Q4

15Q1

15Q2

15Q3

15Q4

16Q1

0

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20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Road Rail Road Rail Road ? Rail Road Road

Auckland Tauranga Napier Taranaki Nelson Lyttelton Timaru Otago Southport

TEU

Figure C18: Land mode out of the port 14Q2

14Q3

14Q4

15Q1

15Q2

15Q3

15Q4

16Q1

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15. Coastal movements of containers on domestic ships

Containers are carried on both international and domestic ships. The vessels regarded as domestic for FIGS purposes are the Spirit of Endurance, the Spirit of Independence, and the Spirit of Resolution and the Spirit of Canterbury. At the date of this report, the current domestic ship is the Spirit of Canterbury.

Figures C19 and C20 show the share of coastal movements on domestic ships. The share that Pacifica is carrying decreased following the retirement of one of their vessels.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C19: Coastal loads

International ship - domestic International ship - export tranship International ship - import tranship NZ ship - domestic NZ ship - export tranship NZ ship - import tranship

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C20: Coastal loads

NZ ships International ships

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16. Hazardous containerised cargo The shippers define whether cargo is ‘hazardous’. Examples of the types of cargo defined as hazardous include chemicals, poisons, and gas cylinders.

Figure C21 shows hazardous TEU by shipment type. Most hazardous cargo are imports.

0

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6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

12Q1 12Q3 13Q1 13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure C21: Hazardous TEU

Import Export Domestic Re-export Export tranship Import tranship

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Section D – Container Handling Statistics

The following graphs show the relative container handling productivity of New Zealand’s six largest container ports: Auckland, Tauranga, Napier, Wellington, Lyttelton, and Otago. Information is provided from 2009.

Data for Australia is provided until the end of the June quarter 2015, and is obtained from the Australian Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport’s December 2015 report ‘Waterline 57’.2

Figure D1 shows the total number of containers moved by each of the ports since 2009. There are slight differences between the total container movements reported in the FIGS and container handling statistics data. This difference is due to the inclusion of ‘restows’ in the container handling data that are not included in FIGS. This is appropriate, as restows add to port activity, but not freight movement. Across the six ports, the difference in container volumes is 2.2 percent, with the container handling statistics volumes being higher by 9,382 containers in the quarter ending March 2016.

2 The Waterline 57 report is available through the Australian Department of Infrastructure and Transport, and at http://bitre.gov.au/publications/2015/files/water_057.pdf

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000 Figure D1: Containers

Auckland

Tauranga

Napier

Wellington

Lyttelton

Otago

http://bitre.gov.au/publications/2015/files/water_057.pdf

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The ship rate is the rate at which a ship is unloaded – how many containers are moved on or off a ship in an hour. The weighted average ship rate decreased slightly from 76.2 in the quarter ending December 2015, to 76 containers per hour in the quarter ending March 2016. Data is available for Australia up to June 2015, at which time New Zealand’s weighted average ship rate of 76.7 containers per hour exceeded the average Australia’s top five ports by 24.3 containers per hour.3

The crane rate is the number of containers a dockside crane lifts on or off a container ship in an hour.4 The average crane rate increased slight at 34.1 containers per hour in the quarter ending March 2016. In the quarter ending June 2015, the New Zealand crane rate exceeded the average Australia’s top five ports by 4.4 containers per hour.

3 The Australian ports identified here are Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Freemantle. Collectively, these five ports move 90 percent of Australia’s container traffic. 4 Napier is the only port to use a mobile crane, with the other five using gantry cranes. Napier is not directly comparable with the other New Zealand ports.

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Con

tain

ers

per

hour

Figure D2: Ship rate

Auckland

Tauranga

Napier

Wellington

Lyttelton

Otago

NZ Weighted average Australia's top five average

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15

20

25

30

35

40

Con

tain

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hour

Figure D3: Crane rate

Auckland

Tauranga

Napier

Wellington

Lyttelton

Otago

NZ Weighted average

Australia's top five average

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The vessel rate is the number of containers loaded and unloaded from a ship divided by the amount of labour time. The New Zealand weighted average for the quarter ending March 2016 was 62.2 containers per labour hour, a small decrease from 64.1 in the quarter ending December 2015. The June 2015 weighted average vessel rate of 61.5 exceeded Australia’s top five average of 44.4.

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Figure D4: Vessel rate

Auckland

Tauranga

Napier

Wellington

Lyttelton

Otago

NZ Weighted average Australia's top five average

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Section E – Rail and Road Data

17. Rail movements and volumes

Figure E1 shows total rail movements by region for the year to March 2016. This way of displaying data results in some instances of ‘overlaps’, as a movement from the West Coast to Canterbury is counted as both a movement from the West Coast and a movement to Canterbury.

The largest group of movements were within the Bay of Plenty region, followed by movements into Canterbury, and from Auckland. Total rail tonnes for the year ending March 2016 fell slightly from the year ending December 2015.

Figure E2 shows movements by rail tonne-kms for the year to March 2016. Movements into Canterbury continue to be the largest amount of tonne-kms, followed by movements out of Auckland.

Tonne-kms are tonnes carried multiplied by the kilometres moved, i.e. three tonnes of freight moved two kilometres is six tonne-km.

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000 Figure E1: Rail movements - tonnes Apr 2015-Mar 2016

Internal

To other regions

From other regions

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400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000 Figure E2: Rail movements - tonne kms Apr 2015-Mar 2016

Internal

To other regions

From other regions

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The following graphs provide a breakdown of rail tonnes and rail tonne-kms by commodity type for the year to March 2016. The largest commodity type was wood, pulp, and paper, which was 26.6 percent of rail tonnes, followed by dairy and milk, with 19.8 percent.

Total net rail tonne km dropped by 1.9% percent in the year ending March 2016, against the year ending December 2015. Continuing the downward trend from the year ending March 2014, there was a 6.8 percent decrease in the rail tonne-kms for coal in the year ending March 2016, from the rail tonne-kms for the year ending December 2015.

Figure E3 and Figure E4 show that rail volumes and tonne-kms have been falling since late 2012.

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Figure E3: Rail tonnes (000) Rolling 12 months

Other

Food/fish/meat

Metals

Unspecified

Wood/pulp/paper

Dairy+milk

Freight Forwarding

Coal

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1,000

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Figure E4: Rail tonne km (millions) Rolling 12 months

Other

Food/fish/meat

Metals

Unspecified

Wood/pulp/paper

Dairy+milk

Freight Forwarding

Coal

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The average rail haul for the year to March 2016 was relatively unchanged at 267 km. The largest average haul was metals at 551 km, and the smallest was wood, pulp and paper at 145 km.

See data tables for more rail freight information.

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200

300

400

500

600

700

12Q4 13Q2 13Q4 14Q2 14Q4 15Q2 15Q4

Figure E5: Average haul length (km) Rolling 12 months

Other

Food/fish/meat

Metals

Unspecified

Wood pulp paper Dairy+milk

Freight Forwarding Coal

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18. Road freight – the role of High Productivity Motor Vehicles

From 1 May 2010, high productivity motor vehicles (HPMVs) were allowed to operate on New Zealand roads. Previously the maximum mass limit for a vehicle combination carrying a divisible load without a permit was 44 tonnes and length of around 20 meters. HPMVs are able to carry as much as 62 tonnes and can be longer than standard trucks.

The heavier and some longer HPMVs operate under permit on specific routes, which ensure the vehicle dimensions and overall mass are appropriate to the route and any bridges or other structures, which are load limited. If these vehicles operate on other parts of the network then they are limited to the standard mass and axle weight limits again. Most of the longer HPMVs can operate across the network, but some longer HPMVs are only allowed to operate on specified routes.

In October 2013 the 50MAX class of HPMV was introduced. This vehicle combination has one more axle than conventional 44 tonne vehicles combinations and a longer wheelbase, allowing it to operate at up to 50 tonnes without causing additional road damage. These vehicles can access much of the road network, except for parts of the network where the bridges are not suitable. The intention is to open the entire State Highway network to this class of vehicle, when upgrades to the limited number of bridges needing them are complete5.

The growth in HPMV travel picked up in 2014 following the introduction of 50MAX.

5 The restrictions can be seen at: http://nzta.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=28cdbf52c1664e92a1a84d6a5bdcf575

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60

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120

140

13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3 16Q1

Figure E6: HPMV travel (millions km)

Over Dimension Over Mass Over Dimension & Mass (*) (*) includes 50Max

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3

Figure E7: HPMV share of truck travel

% of heavy truck travel % of all truck travel

http://nzta.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=28cdbf52c1664e92a1a84d6a5bdcf575

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If HPMVs did not exist then ordinary 44 tonne combinations would have to do extra travel to carry the HPMV payloads. Figure E8 below shows the extra heavy truck travel that would have resulted based on cargo mass. In reality, the extra travel would be greater than this as there will be cargo that is long enough to require two trips on the smaller combination but only one on an HPMV.

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

13Q3 14Q1 14Q3 15Q1 15Q3

Figure E8: Extra heavy truck travel if no HPMV

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19. FIGS cargo movements – explanatory note

The characterisation of cargo movements in FIGS is designed to split shipping movements into international and coastal. For instance, the term "export” is confined to international movements in FIGS, and “transhipment” is confined to coastal movements.

Table 1: Definition of International Movements

International movements

Import Export Re-export

The container arrives at a New Zealand port by ship, directly from overseas. Example: Singapore to a New Zealand port.

The container is loaded onto a ship in a New Zealand port and is shipped overseas directly. Example: A New Zealand port to China.

The container arrives in New Zealand from overseas, is loaded onto a different ship without leaving the port and without the cargo changing, and is then exported. Example: United States of America to a New Zealand port then on to Fiji. Re-exports were first redefined from being full containers only to both full and empty in the September 2014 report.

Table 2: Definition of Coastal Movements

Coastal movements

Export transhipment Import transhipment Domestic shipment

The container is loaded at a New Zealand port, is shipped to a second New Zealand port, discharged, and is then loaded for export without leaving the second port, and without the cargo changing. Example: New Zealand Port 1 to New Zealand Port 2 to Singapore. The New Zealand Port 2 to Singapore international movement is an export. In FIGS, the New Zealand Port 1 to Port 2 coastal movement is an export transhipment.

The cargo arrives from overseas at a New Zealand port, is discharged and then loaded onto another ship without leaving the port or the cargo changing, and is then shipped to a second New Zealand port, is discharged and gated-out. Example: Shanghai to New Zealand Port 1 then to New Zealand Port 2. In FIGS, the Shanghai to New Zealand Port 1 international movement is an import. The New Zealand Port 1 to New Zealand Port 2 coastal movement is an import transhipment.

Movements of containers from one New Zealand port to another New Zealand port, which are not import or export transhipments. Example: Gate-in New Zealand Port 1 for loading, then ship to New Zealand Port 2 for discharge and gate-out.

Export transhipments of full containers are identified in FIGS using the booking reference, and export transhipments of empty containers are identified by following the sequence of container movements. This approach is being used because although the container load and discharge messages can include a transhipment value, not all ports code it.

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This report only includes containers moved through the container facilities at the ten container ports. For instance, it excludes container movements by the Cook Strait operators, loads in Onehunga, container loads and discharges at the Mount Maunganui wharf and the wharves outside the container port operation in Lyttelton.

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International and Coastal movement diagrams FIGS International movements are shown in blue FIGS Coastal movements are shown in orange Overseas

A. Import and import transhipment NZ Port A

Discharge Load onto a different vessel

NZ Port B

Discharge Gate-out

Overseas

B. Import and domestic shipment NZ Port A

Discharge Gate-out Gate-in Load

NZ Port B Discharge Gate-out

NZ Port A Gate in C. Export transhipment and export Load NZ Port B

Discharge Load onto a different vessel

Overseas

Import

Import transhipment

Import Import

Domestic shipment Domestic

Export transhipment

Export

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20. Glossary

Coastal movements A container that is loaded in one New Zealand port and moved to another New Zealand port where the container is discharged. (See page 39 for the three types of coastal movements)

Discharge Unloading a container from a ship.

Domestic ship A ship registered in New Zealand. All New Zealand registered ships must comply with New Zealand labour, safety and maritime laws. For FIGS purposes, domestic ships are: the Spirit of Endurance, the Spirit of Independence, and the Spirit of Canterbury.

DWT Deadweight tonnage – a measure of how much weight a ship can safely carry.

FIGS Freight Information Gathering System.

Freight forwarding The movement of freight by an organisation whose core business is the organisation of freight movements for other businesses or individuals.

Gate in The entry of a container to a port by road or rail. One exception is containers that are packed within the port.

Gate out The exit of a container from a port by road or rail.

International ship All ships not registered in New Zealand. They must comply with international maritime law, but not New Zealand domestic law.

Load Loading a container onto a ship.

Net tonnes Net container weight is the weight of the cargo. It is the gross weight recorded in the port message, less the typical weight for that type of container (20-foot dry, 20-foot reefer, 40-foot dry, or 40-foot reefer).

Rail tonne-km Tonnes carried multiplied by kilometres moved, i.e. three tonnes of freight moved two kilometres is six tonne-km.

Reefer A ‘reefer’ is a container that can be refrigerated.

TEU Twenty-foot equivalent unit. A 20-foot container is one TEU, and a 40-foot container is two TEU.

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Appendix A – Quarterly Trade Commodity Codes

Cargo is classified using the Harmonised System (HS); see www.foreign-trade.com/reference/hscode.htm for more detail.

The HS codes have been grouped as follows for FIGS reporting:

FIGS category Harmonised code(s)

Meat 2 Fish 3 Dairy 4 Animal: other 1,5 Vegetables and fruit 6-15 Foodstuffs 16-24 Minerals, coal, fuel 25-27 Chemicals/plastics/rubbers 28-40 Hides, skins, leather 41-43 Wood products 44-46 Paper products 47-49 Textiles/footwear/headwear 50-67 Stone/glass 68-71 Metals 72-83 Machinery/electrical 84-85 Vehicles (road, rail, air, sea) 86-89 Other (*) 90-97 Confidential Coded as 98 by Statistics New Zealand (*) includes optical fibres, photographic, clocks, watches, musical instruments, arms and ammunition, furniture and furnishings, lighting fixtures, toys, games, sports equipment, art and antiques

http://www.foreign-trade.com/reference/hscode.htm

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