John Pierpont Morgan

• Lived 1837 to 1913• He started his first company in 1871 J.P. Morgan & Co.• Morgan set forward to reorganize failing businesses to

make them once more profitable• Morgan work closely with James Hill to organize and

build the Great Northern Railroad• The most profitable would be the eastern railroads

reorganization and the formation of the United States Steal Corporation in 1901

• The process of buying railroads and reorganizing them became known as Morganiztion

• The USSC was purchased for 400 million from Carnegie.

Morgan’s life

• He was the son of a banker

• He was well known to own and sail expensive yachts.

• He was a extensive art collector, he donated his collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Morgan Library.

• Was married twice. His second wife fathered five children.

Quotes

• “He did not believe that ‘money power’ we dangerous, except when in dangerous hands – and he did not regard his own hands as dangerous”

• “If you have to ask the price, you can not afford it!” - unproven

Organizationand

Unionization

Hurrah, Hurrah for labor,

it is mustering all its powers,

And shall march along to victory

With the banner of eight hours.

(Song championing the Eight hour workday)

The labor unions were formed to champion the needs and wants of the laborer. They Sought better wages, 8 hour days and better working conditions.

Labor UnionsYears of Major Influence

• The National Labor Union – 1866 to 1870’s

• The Nights of Labor – 1880’s-1890’s

• The American Federation of Labor

or (The AF of L) – 1886 to 1900’s (+)

The National Labor Union

• First national labor union

• Achieved 8 hour work day for government workers

• Included over 600,000 members

• Members were both skilled and unskilled labors

• Many member went to join the Knights of labor

The Knights of Labor

•Championed change though politics and social reform

•Were successful with small scale strikes to achieve the 8 hour work day•Membership reached 750,000 people.

•“Our goal is to organize ALL workers into a single Union”• Member included both skilled and unskilled workers•Skilled workers were not committed to the cause enough to support those unskilled many left to join the AF of L.

•Membership dropped to 100,000 in the 1809’s which then dissolved to form protest groups• They did include blacks and women•Eight men were arrested in the Heymarket Case. Five were killed; the others later pardoned.

Terence V

. Pow

derly

The American Federation of Labor

• Lead by Samuel Grompers• No individual could join the Union• Did not take partake in politics tried to

reform though social reforms• Gromper’s was strongly against

socialism and just as strongly supported capitalism

• They sought to better their conditions with in the system rather then by changing the system

• This group was exclusively skilled labors, letting the unskilled fend for themselves.

Union Success?• 23,000 labor strikes occurred from 1881 to 1900• Involving over 6,000,000 workers• Losing $ 450,000,000 in business and wages • Only about half of

strikes were successful• Only 3% of workers

had unionized by 1900• Labor Day was made

a holiday in 1894

Bibliography• "Knights of Labor." The Official Website of the New Knights of Labor. Web.

3 Feb 2010. <http://www.knightsoflabor.org/>.Pictures• Knights of Labor Unique Assembly No. 8690 Historic Union . 04/27/2004 .

Universtiy of Pittsburg, Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://www.library.pitt.edu/labor_legacy/DBKnights8690.htm>.

• SHEET MUSIC CENTER . September 06, 2009 . Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://www.sheetmusiccenter.com/cat091908.html>.

• "The American Federation of Labor." Multimedia Histories Section. at The Ohio State University , Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/mmh/1912/labor_problem/afofl.

• Free Clipart Network . Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://www1.free-clipart.net/gallery2/clipart/Holidays/Other/Labor_Day_Parade.jpg

• "Terence V. Powderly." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Powderly_t_kol.jpg>.

• "Samuel Gompers." Web. 3 Feb 2010. <http://www.historicalvoices.org/~vincent/people/gompers/image.html>.