John Groesbeck Ryan Umina Neil Mudjer Dan...
Transcript of John Groesbeck Ryan Umina Neil Mudjer Dan...
Uses of Dams Water Supply
Navigation
Hydropower
Stabilize Water Flow
Irrigation
Flood Prevention
Water Diversion
http://www.crem-ltd.com/renewables_hydro.html
Negative aspects of Dams Loss of Land
Loss of Biodiversity
Dam Failure
Agriculture
Fishing Stocks
Disease
http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article46784.ece
World Commission on Dams Created in 1997 World Bank and World
Conservation Union
"dams have made an important and significant contribution to human development, and benefits derived from them have been considerable... in too many cases an unacceptable and often unnecessary price has been paid to secure those benefits, especially in social and environmental terms, by people displaced, by communities downstream, by taxpayers and by the natural environment."
http://networkingaction.net/2010/02/financial-crisis-as-a-large-system-change-challenge/
Politics of Damming Foreign
Water Quotas
Political Leverage
Private Economic (Odebrecht,
Eletrobras)
Domestic Water Needs
Power
Agriculture
Property Rights http://greeneconomygroup.wordpress.com/2011/02/01/belo-monte-17-billion-dollar-hydro-electric-project-gets-the-green-light/
Colorado River Compact Signed in 1922
Upper Basin: Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Arizona
Lower Basin: California, Arizona, and Nevada
1936 Hoover Dam
“California Problem”
http://coloradoindependent.com/4741/mccain-gaffe-on-water-rights-could-lose-colorado-voters
Amazon River Basin Dam Project -Belo Monte Dam (11,233
MW)
-Xingu River
10 Billion Dollars
Rio Madeira
Santo Antonio (3,120 MW) 2011
Jirau (3,300 MW) 2012
15 Billion Dollarshttp://connect.in.com/belo-monte/photos-1-1-1-b4667329172b5c4521f9cb6896e65065.html
Projection
We will provide a timeline of events that we, as well as many experts, believe may lead to the first “water war” in modern history.
1959
A second agreement is signed giving Egypt and Sudan nearly full reign over Nile River Waters.
1980
Then Egyptian President states, “The only matter that could take Egypt to war again is water.”
The Nile Water Agreement is signed giving Egypt the majority share of Nile waters.
1929
http://geography.howstuffworks.com/africa/the-nile-river.htm
Effects of Current Control Upstream countries unable to use Nile Waters as they
see fit.
Has led to years of economic oppression for most upstream countries.
May 14, 2010 Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda sign an
agreement to change policy on the Nile River waters.
Kenya issues a supporting statement and signs agreement shortly after.
The agreement will later become known as the Entebbe treaty.
Ethiopia’s water resources minister says, “This agreement benefits all of us and harms none of us.”
The agreement gives Egypt, Sudan, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo one year to join.
The treaty aims to change the control of Nile River waters.
June 27, 2010 Egyptian Minister of
Water Resources Mohamed Nasr el-Din Alam announces that Egypt, “understood” that the five upstream states had signed the agreement and that they will face legal and institutional repercussions. http://www.topnews.in/nile-basin-countries-discuss-nile-water-resources-
egypt-meeting-2193745
June 28, 2010 The Five East African countries announce their refusal
to go back on a deal signed in May.
Sudan announces that because of the Nile Basin Initiative, they can no longer cooperate with those countries for legal issues.
November 23, 2010 Meles Zenawi, the
Ethiopian Prime Minister tells Reuters that Egypt could not win a war with Ethiopia over the Nile.
The Prime Minister believes that the Egyptians are supporting rebel groups to destabilize the country.
The PM believes he can neutralize these groups by addressing the issues around which the rebel groups are mobilized.
http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2009/08/13/ethiopia_s_resilient_prime_minister
Egypt’s Response
The Egyptian Prime Minster responds say that he is “amazed by the language used, and that they are not seeking war, nor will there be a war.”
http://womenslens.blogspot.com/2010_03_14_archive.html
February 11, 2011• Egyptian President, Hosni
Mubarak, resigns.
• Power is turned over to the Supreme Council of Egyptian Armed forces.
http://www.thegrio.com/opinion/will-egypts-protests-have-a-domino-effect-in-africa.php
March 1, 2011 Reuters reports Burundi has signed the Entebbe treaty.
Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo have not signed, but Kenya stated last year that Congo is expected to join.
Egypt’s Response Egyptian Water Resources and Irrigation Minister
states, “Egypt welcomes all cooperation with Nile Basin States on development projects, on condition that Egypt’s water shares are not harmed.”
March 20, 2011 UN-Water chair, Zafar Adeel, states
he is meeting with experts in Canada to discuss water and security.
Adeels says, “We think that water is an issue that would be a appropriate for the U.N. Security Council.”
He goes on to state, “stresses on water supplies due to global warming and a rising population --which is set to grow to 9 billion by 2050 from 7 billion in 2011 -- could heighten the risk of future conflicts.”
http://www.h2bidblog.com/prominent-personalities
March 30, 2011 Ethiopian Prime Minister announces that work on
“The Great Millennium Dam” will start soon.
The Dam will be the 10th largest in the world and will run 40 kilometers across the Sudanese Border.
March 31, 2011 Egyptian Irrigation Minster announces he is waiting
for the Ethiopian Government to reply to his request for technical and environmental studies of the Great Millennium Dam.
April 2, 2011 Prime Minister Meles Zanawi
lays the corner stone for the Millennium Dam Project.
Ethiopia responds to Egypt’s inquiry, “Any questions they have about the development of water have to come through the Cooperative Framework Agreement or the Entebbe Treaty. This is the spirit and purpose of the CFA and we will not deal with them unless it is through the CFA.”
http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/
Egypt’s Response Egypt sends a 40-man delegation to Uganda in order
to gain support.
The delegation includes many top officials, including Presidential hopefuls.
The delegation fails.
April 24, 2011 Ethiopia announces it will not release requested
information to Egypt until they sign the new cooperative framework agreement and relinquish veto power of the Nile.
Furthermore, they will not allow Egypt to examine the dam project itself until a new agreement is signed.
May 14, 2011 According to the original agreement, this will be the
deadline for the remaining countries to sign the agreement.
In Review Pros/Cons of Dams
Social/Economic Implications
Politics of Dams
Colorado River Compact
Amazon River Dams
New Millennium Dam Case Study
Works Cited Arizona. Water Resources Research Center. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. By Joe Gelt. University of Arizona. Web. 20 Apr. 2011.
<http://ag.arizona.edu/azwater/arroyo/101comm.html>.
Borzutzky, S., & Berger, D. (2010). Dammed If You Do, Dammed If You Don't: The Eisenhower Administration and the Aswan Dam. Middle East Journal, 64(1), 84-102.
Degeorges, A., & Reilly, B. K. (2007). Eco-Politics of Dams on the Gambia River. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 23(4), 641-657.
GROSS, T. L. (2008). IMPROVEMENT WITH IMPUNITY: DEVELOPMENT-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT AND THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE 6(2)(C) PROPORTIONALITY TEST APPLIED TO THE MEROWE DAM PROJECT IN SUDAN. American University International Law Review, 24(2), 377-406.
Dingwerth, K. (2005). The Democratic Legitimacy of Public-Private Rule Making: What Can We Learn from the World Commission on Dams?. Global Governance, 11(1)
Bijker, W. E. (2007). Dikes and Dams, Thick with Politics. ISIS: Journal of the History of Science in Society, 98(1), 109-123.
Jongerden, J. (2010). Dams and Politics in Turkey: Utilizing Water, Developing Conflict. Middle East Policy, 17(1), 137-143.
Lund, C. (2009). Recategorizing ‘Public’ and ‘Private’ Property in Ghana. Development & Change, 40(1), 131-148.
McCormick S. Damming the Amazon: Local Movements and Transnational Struggles Over Water. Society & Natural Resources [serial online]. January 2011;24(1):34-48. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 20, 2011.
Littlefield D. WATER AND THE WEST: The Colorado River Compact and the Politics of Water in the American West. California Legal History[serial online]. January 2010;5:428-430. Available from: America: History & Life, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 20, 2011.
Works Cited "Ethiopia PM Warns of Nile War - Africa - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. 24 Nov. 2010.
Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/11/20101124152728280839.html>.
"E African Nations Firm on Nile Deal - Middle East - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. 28 June 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/06/201062871134786105.html>.
Nduwinmana, Patrick. "Burundi Joins Nile Basin Pact Opposed by Egypt | Reuters." Business & Financial News, Breaking US & International News | Reuters.com. 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/01/us-burundi-nile-idUSTRE72041320110301>.
Staff. "Egypt Stays Opposed to Ethiopia’s Grand Millennium Dam Project." Ethiopian News. Www.Ezega.com, 11 Apr. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2847>.
"Tensions Escalate over Amazon Mega Dam - Opinion - Al Jazeera English." AJE - Al Jazeera English. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. <http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/04/201145115820561110.html>.