Johan Schot. Transformative innovation policy and the role of users 17022016
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Transcript of Johan Schot. Transformative innovation policy and the role of users 17022016
Transformative Innovation Policy & the Role of Users
Professor Johan Schot, Director of SPRU, University of Sussex
More details www.sussex.ac.uk/spru
Research for a World in TransitionEconomic Crisis
Climate change and global warming
New socio-technical regimes & systems
Biotechnology
Sustainability
New way of provisioning basic
needs
GlobalisationThreat New wars
Dichotomy of externalization & internalization
Governance
Emergence of Asian Century
Changing nature of work
Scenarios: Brutal or Inclusive?
Researchimpact
Training thenext generation
• Research addresses real world problems
• Co-producing knowledge with stakeholders
• Sustained engagement and long term partners
• Impact through concepts, tools, capacity building, providing a knowledge base
• Focus on economic growth agenda, leading to high social & ecological costs, which are addressed ex-post
• Production is capital and skill intensive, with economies of scale, sophisticated knowledge systems & infrastructure
• Greener production & consumption patterns through implementation of capital intensive solutions
Externalization Vs Internalization • Different type of economic growth
& development, with distribution issues dealt with ex-ante
• Actors take responsibility for the ecological & social impacts generated
• Radical transformation towards more small-scale production, shared & collective consumption, & distributed energy generation
What is a deep transition?Deep transition is a shift in a shared direction
3 on a globalscale
2 reorganising the entire economy and society
1 of several sociotechnical regimes/systems
This shared direction could also be referred to as a
techno-economic paradigm (TEP) (Perez, 2002);
A TEP is a meta-sociotechnical regime providing coordination
across a range of sociotechnical regimes.
Three Generations of Innovation Policy
1966
1960s – 1970s
1980s – 1990s
Generation 1: Science & Technology Policy
• This generation was based on the linear model of invention, innovation & diffusion
• This was based on a complex linear model
Generation 2: National System of Innovation Policy
Generation 3: Innovation Policy for Transformative Change
• This is based on new Innovation Theory drawing on the synthesis between STS/evolutionary economics & interdisciplinary inputs
• Sustainability Transition Theory
Definition of Socio-Technical Regime:
“A socio-technical regime consists of a distinct set of stable rules, used by actors to guide socio-technical design, policy-making and use. This rule-set is embodied in shared engineering search heuristics, ways of defining problems, user and policy preferences, expectations, product characteristics, skills and standards.”
Multi-Level Model (MLP)
• Technical change is driven by quasi-evolutionary dynamics
• Variation is not blind, but directed at anticipated future selection
• Attempts to influence future selection through voicing expectations, niche building & the creation of selection-environment
• Builds bridges or nexus between variation and selection
Landscape developments put pressure on existing regime, which opens up, creating windows of opportunity for novelties
Socio-technical regime is ‘dynamically stable’.On different dimensions there are ongoing processes
New configuration breaks through, takingadvantage of ‘windows of opportunity’. Adjustments occur in socio-technical regime.
Elements become aligned,and stabilise in a dominant design.Internal momentum increases.
Small networks of actors support novelties on the basis of expectations and visions.Learning processes take place on multiple dimensions (co-construction).Efforts to link different elements in a seamless web.
New regime influences landscape
Niche-innovations
Socio-technicallandscape (exogenouscontext)
Socio-technicalregime
Technology
Markets, user preferences
CulturePolicy
ScienceIndustry
External influences on niches(via expectations and networks)
Increasing structurationof activities in local practices
Time
Regime change & transitions occur when:
Researchimpact
Training thenext generation
• Research addresses real world problems
• Co-producing knowledge with stakeholders
• Sustained engagement and long term partners
• Impact through concepts, tools, capacity building, providing a knowledge base
• Niches are built up sufficiently. Indicators are deep & broad-learning
• Networks are with robust & specific expectations
• Socio-technical regimes are open for change demonstrated by tensions & de-alignment
• Socio-technical landscape pressures enable change
Innovation Policy 3.0 for transformative change:
• Foresight to influence perceptions of socio-technical landscape developments & shape expectations
• Experimentation to build up niches (strategic niche management = smart experimentation)
• New institution building, in which actors can meet & discuss how to proceed & develop shared responsibility (de-align dominant socio-technical regime)
• Developing new expertise & capabilities (fusing social sciences & sciences in order to address social-technical nature of technical change)
Innovation Policy 3.0 requires:
• Focusing on the World in Transition
• Using the power of innovation, but at the same time re-embedding innovation in moral economy & providing direction (= transforming innovation)
• Managing ecological & social issues ex-ante not ex-post
Users’ Roles for Innovation Policy 3.0
User-
Producer/entrepreneur
Legitimator
Intermediary
Citizen
Consumer
Role of Users Stability of rules
Percentage of population using the rules
Early market niche
Decline of regime
Eroded, unstable regime
Erosion of existing regime, hollowing out
Early niche branching, emergence of technical regime
Wider breakthrough; grows into socio-technical regime
Stable, dominant socio-technical regime
1
2
4
4
3
External change
User-producer
User-legitimator
User-citizen
User-consumer
User-intermediary
Figure X (adapted from Schot and Geels, 2007: 614)
SPRU is hosting a major 50th Anniversary conference7-9 September on Transforming Innovation
Please join us. The call for papers is out now – deadline 1 March 2016Follow on Twitter: @Johan_Schot
@SPRU
More details www.sussex.ac.uk/spru