PIPELINEPIPELINE INTEGRITYINTEGRITY

California Contract Cities California Contract Cities AssociationAssociation

First Responders.First Responders.

Overview of inline inspection Overview of inline inspection operationsoperations

Bellingham WashingtonBellingham WashingtonOn June 10, 1999 an Olympic Pipe Line Company pipeline On June 10, 1999 an Olympic Pipe Line Company pipeline

ruptured and spilled over 236,000 gallons of gasoline into Hanna ruptured and spilled over 236,000 gallons of gasoline into Hanna and Whatcom Creeks. The resulting explosion consisted of a and Whatcom Creeks. The resulting explosion consisted of a

fireball which raced one and one-half miles down Whatcom Creek fireball which raced one and one-half miles down Whatcom Creek and created a smoke plume twenty to thirty thousand feet high.and created a smoke plume twenty to thirty thousand feet high.Three people were killed - two ten-year old boys and an 18-year Three people were killed - two ten-year old boys and an 18-year old young man who was fishing in Whatcom Creek. Eight people old young man who was fishing in Whatcom Creek. Eight people were injured and extensive damage incurred over the mile and were injured and extensive damage incurred over the mile and

one-half length of Whatcom Creek.one-half length of Whatcom Creek.

Carlsbad New MexicoCarlsbad New Mexico On August 19, 2000. A transmission pipeline ruptured and a fire On August 19, 2000. A transmission pipeline ruptured and a fire

killed 12 campers near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Federal killed 12 campers near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Federal investigators determined that the cause was severe internal investigators determined that the cause was severe internal

corrosion of transmission pipeline; over 70% of the wall had been corrosion of transmission pipeline; over 70% of the wall had been eaten away near the rupture siteeaten away near the rupture site..

Just Pig-itJust Pig-it

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITY

Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002", became Public Law Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002", became Public Law No. 107-355 on December 17, 2002No. 107-355 on December 17, 2002

Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) primarily mandated inspection of Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) primarily mandated inspection of Transmission & Distribution pipelines in High Consequence Transmission & Distribution pipelines in High Consequence Areas (HCAs).Areas (HCAs).

OPS must now go through their rulemaking process to OPS must now go through their rulemaking process to implement a rule regarding the above mandated inspection of implement a rule regarding the above mandated inspection of these pipelines in HCAs.these pipelines in HCAs.

The clock has started with the signing of the Law on 12/17/02 The clock has started with the signing of the Law on 12/17/02 for the mandated inspection of Transmission pipelines in HCAsfor the mandated inspection of Transmission pipelines in HCAs

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITY

Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002", became Public Law Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002", became Public Law No. 107-355 on December 17, 2002No. 107-355 on December 17, 2002

Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) primarily mandated inspection of Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) primarily mandated inspection of Transmission & Distribution pipelines in High Consequence Transmission & Distribution pipelines in High Consequence Areas (HCAs).Areas (HCAs).

OPS must now go through their rulemaking process to OPS must now go through their rulemaking process to implement a rule regarding the above mandated inspection of implement a rule regarding the above mandated inspection of these pipelines in HCAs.these pipelines in HCAs.

The clock has started with the signing of the Law on 12/17/02 The clock has started with the signing of the Law on 12/17/02 for the mandated inspection of Transmission pipelines in HCAsfor the mandated inspection of Transmission pipelines in HCAs

What’s an HCA?What’s an HCA?HHigh igh CConsequence onsequence AArearea

HCA identifies Class locations HCA identifies Class locations where there are facilities with where there are facilities with persons who are mobility-persons who are mobility-impaired, confined, or hard to impaired, confined, or hard to evacuate, and places where evacuate, and places where people gather for recreational people gather for recreational and other purposes (20 or more and other purposes (20 or more for 50 or more days per year).for 50 or more days per year).

The corridor of protection from The corridor of protection from the pipeline is 300 feet, 660 feet the pipeline is 300 feet, 660 feet or 1000 feet depending on the or 1000 feet depending on the pipeline's diameter and operating pipeline's diameter and operating pressure. pressure.

Methods of inspectionMethods of inspection

Assessment methods for inspectionsAssessment methods for inspections– Other – An industry accepted method of Other – An industry accepted method of

verifying a pipeline is fit for intended service, verifying a pipeline is fit for intended service, i.e.. past records.i.e.. past records.

– Direct AssessmentDirect Assessment– Pressure/ Hydro TestingPressure/ Hydro Testing– Primarily Internal Inspections also known as Primarily Internal Inspections also known as

“Smart Pigging” or In-Line Inspection (ILI)“Smart Pigging” or In-Line Inspection (ILI)

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITYmethod assessmentmethod assessment

Direct assessment consists of direct examinations at pre-Direct assessment consists of direct examinations at pre-determined locations on a pipeline where potential external determined locations on a pipeline where potential external corrosion might exist.corrosion might exist.

The direct examination locations are chosen on the basis of indirect The direct examination locations are chosen on the basis of indirect inspection surveys or by modeling.  Direct assessment would inspection surveys or by modeling.  Direct assessment would usually be used only if in-line inspection or hydrostatic testing are usually be used only if in-line inspection or hydrostatic testing are not feasible options.    not feasible options.   

Hydrostatic testing has the major disadvantage of requiring that a Hydrostatic testing has the major disadvantage of requiring that a pipeline must be out of service for extended periods of time, and it is pipeline must be out of service for extended periods of time, and it is considered a destructive test, since location of a defect requires that considered a destructive test, since location of a defect requires that the pipeline experience a leak or rupture during testing. Disposal of the pipeline experience a leak or rupture during testing. Disposal of hydrostatic test water can also be difficult and expensive due to hydrostatic test water can also be difficult and expensive due to environmental considerations.environmental considerations.

Pipeline Integrity Engineering Pipeline Integrity Engineering Identify gas line 20%> in HCA’sIdentify gas line 20%> in HCA’s Identify specific threats on the line, year Identify specific threats on the line, year

installed, weld, CP, fault zones, known installed, weld, CP, fault zones, known liquids, compressor stations, etc. & risk rank liquids, compressor stations, etc. & risk rank each segment/areaeach segment/area

Perform feature study on identified line/sPerform feature study on identified line/s Determine method of preferred assessmentDetermine method of preferred assessment

ECDAECDA

The “Indirect Inspection” step uses a combination The “Indirect Inspection” step uses a combination of 2 or more above ground survey techniques of 2 or more above ground survey techniques such as close interval potential survey (CIPS), such as close interval potential survey (CIPS), alternating current voltage gradient (ACVG), direct alternating current voltage gradient (ACVG), direct current voltage gradient (DCVG), AC attenuation current voltage gradient (DCVG), AC attenuation for the identification of areas with corrosion for the identification of areas with corrosion activities or coating faults. The data is evaluated activities or coating faults. The data is evaluated via systematic analysis and high-risk areas are via systematic analysis and high-risk areas are identified for excavation. identified for excavation.

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITYDirect AssessmentDirect Assessment

Past Record keeping onPast Record keeping onHydro-testingHydro-testing

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EPI Field Surveys<ILI, ECDA, GPS Reconnaissance>

Field Inspections<Bell Hole, PCMR>

Field Operations &Maintenance

Construction

PI Historical RecordsResearch <GlobalPre-Assessment>

Standardized Data Collection Tools &

Methods

FIELD TOOLS: Geophysical Devices, Measurement & Testing Devices, GPS, PCM, Digital Pen, Barcoding, VisualCE, Excel

OFFICE TOOLS: GeoFields, ArcGIS, Oracle, Maximo, Pathfinder Office, Exigen, Excel, Access

Pipeline IntegrityData Management Architecture

jcg: 12-29-08

Processes and Systems that gather, store, and assess pipeline integrity related data

BENEFITS:* Measurability* Repeatability* Verifiability* Reliability* Defensibility

MaintenanceManagement

System

GeographicInformation

System

DocumentManagement

System

Linked Data Repositories

Supersedenceprovisions defined

Metadata

Sources

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Database Applications

Assessment MethodSelection

Bell Hole Placement

Root Cause Analyses

Mapping

Preventive Measures

Querying, Analysis,Reporting, &Prioritization

Reporting

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is a magnetic method of Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is a magnetic method of nondestructive testing that is used to detect corrosion nondestructive testing that is used to detect corrosion and pitting in steel structures, most commonly pipelines and pitting in steel structures, most commonly pipelines and storage tanks. The basic principle is that a powerful and storage tanks. The basic principle is that a powerful magnet is used to magnetize the steel. At areas where magnet is used to magnetize the steel. At areas where there is corrosion or missing metal, the magnetic field there is corrosion or missing metal, the magnetic field "leaks" from the steel. In an MFL tool, a magnetic "leaks" from the steel. In an MFL tool, a magnetic detector is placed between the poles of the magnet to detector is placed between the poles of the magnet to detect the leakage field. Analysts interpret the chart detect the leakage field. Analysts interpret the chart recording of the leakage field to identify damaged areas recording of the leakage field to identify damaged areas and hopefully to estimate the depth of metal loss. and hopefully to estimate the depth of metal loss.

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITYMFL PIGSMFL PIGS

MFL can detect corrosion by sensing magnetic MFL can detect corrosion by sensing magnetic leakage. First, it initiates a magnetic field in the leakage. First, it initiates a magnetic field in the pipeline. If there are any flaws in the pipeline pipeline. If there are any flaws in the pipeline wall, some of the magnetic field will escape. wall, some of the magnetic field will escape.

Sensors onboard the pigs detect and measure Sensors onboard the pigs detect and measure that leakage. Smart pigs equipped with MFL that leakage. Smart pigs equipped with MFL

technology can determine whether the technology can determine whether the corrosion is internal or external, and they can corrosion is internal or external, and they can also measure for changes in the thickness of also measure for changes in the thickness of

the walls. the walls.

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITYMFL PIGSMFL PIGS

Any Questions?Any Questions?

Smart PigSmart Pig

Retrofitting operationsRetrofitting operations

Before inspection can Before inspection can occur, lines must be occur, lines must be retrofit. Whenever retrofit. Whenever possible we will possible we will modify our system to modify our system to meet current industry meet current industry standards.standards.

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITY

INSPECTION GAUGE PIG INSIDE A CUTAWAY INSPECTION GAUGE PIG INSIDE A CUTAWAY SECTION OF PIPE.SECTION OF PIPE.

PII smart pig ready to go to workPII smart pig ready to go to work

Smart Pig VideoSmart Pig Video

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITY

Technician prepares to download data from Technician prepares to download data from inspection toolinspection tool

PIPELINE INTEGRITYPIPELINE INTEGRITY

Information is downloaded on to a laptop for Information is downloaded on to a laptop for reviewing and send to analytical team offsite.reviewing and send to analytical team offsite.

Typical dig sheetTypical dig sheet

Bell Hole SittingBell Hole Sitting

Protecting the environmentProtecting the environment

Typical shoring installationTypical shoring installation

Mapping out anomalies on Mapping out anomalies on pipelinepipeline

Hot cutHot cut

HOT Tie-inHOT Tie-in

Typical “band” type of repair over Typical “band” type of repair over a defect/anomalya defect/anomaly

So why are we doing this??So why are we doing this??

San Bruno explosionSan Bruno explosion

A 28-foot segment of ruptured pipe shows signs that its A 28-foot segment of ruptured pipe shows signs that its steel had become brittle over the decades. The blast point steel had become brittle over the decades. The blast point also occurred at a dip in the landscape that left the also occurred at a dip in the landscape that left the underground pipe subject to corrosion from accumulating underground pipe subject to corrosion from accumulating water and sewage. And that bend in the line meant more water and sewage. And that bend in the line meant more welds were used during construction, creating another welds were used during construction, creating another potential vulnerability potential vulnerability

Any Questions?Any Questions?