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Transcript of Jha Indian Coal-sector
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2nd MEETING OFINDIA-EU WORKING GROUP
ONCOAL & CLEAN COAL
TECHNOLOGIES
29th November 2006
BRUSSELS
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AN OVERVIEW OF
INDIAN COAL SECTOR
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Energy Scenario
Coal continues to be the major source of primary energy worldwide.Share of coal in worlds energy consumption is 28%.
Coal and lignite in India support about 55% of the primary commercial
energy.Fuel-wise Break-up of Primary Energy Consumption (in %)
100
6
6
28
2436
WORLD
100
5
10
21
2341
OECD
100Total
6Hydro-Electric
1Nuclear Energy
55Coal
8Natural Gas30Oil
INDIAConsumption by Fuel
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006.
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Mode - wise Electricity Generation
Wind, 1%
Nuclear, 3%
Gas, 10%
Diesel, 1%
Coal, 69%
Hydel, 16%
Coal
Hydel
GasDiesel
Nuclear
Wind
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World Coal Resources
PROVED COAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLDPROVED COAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLD (Coal & Lignite)(Coal & Lignite)
Total Proved Resources (Coal & Lignite)Total Proved Resources (Coal & Lignite) -- 909 BT909 BT
USA 27%
Russia 17%China 13%
India 10%
S.Africa 5%
Others 19%
Australia 9%
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006
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Key Players in Indian Coal Sector
407 MtesTotal (During 2005-06)
27.5 Mtes
(7%)
Captive Producers - (Steel & Power)
36.1 Mtes
(9%)
Singareni Collieries Company Ltd.
(SCCL) - (AP St. Govt. & Govt. of IndiaJt. Venture)
343.4 Mtes(84%)
Coal India Ltd. (CIL)- (A Govt. of IndiaEnterprise)
ProductionCoal Producing Companies
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TOTAL RESOURCE 253 Billion Tonnes
COKING 32 Bt
NON-COKING 221 Bt
INDIAN COAL RESOURCES - 2006
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COAL RESERVES IN INDIA
253.337.7119.895.8Total
221.235.6106.379.3Non coking
1.70.21.000.5Blendable/
Semi Coking
25.11.911.811.4Medium
Coking Coal
5.30.000.74.6Prime Coking
TotalInferredIndicatedProvedType of Coal
(Billion Tones)
(As on 1.1.2006)
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DEMAND SUPPLY GAP (Projected)DEMAND SUPPLY GAP (Projected)
51.10
10.2540.85
680.00
652.35
27.65
731.10
662.60
68.50
11-12
181
12556
1086
1037#
49
1267
1162
105
24-25DEMAND AT 8%GDP GROWTH
25.80COKING COAL
41.68TOTAL
15.88NON COKING COALGAP
432.50TOTAL
414.60NON COKING COAL
17.90COKING COALAVAILABILITY
474.18TOTAL
430.48NON COKING COAL
43.70COKING COAL
DEMAND
06-07SECTORDEMAND/SUPPLY/ GAP
# Includes 25 Mt Coal equivalent of CBM-UCG
(Million Tonnes)
Source: Draft Report of WG on Coal & Lignite for XI Plan & VisiSource: Draft Report of WG on Coal & Lignite for XI Plan & Vision Coal 2025on Coal 2025
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COAL AVAILABILITY IN INDIA
1086
25
1061
57
175
47
782
24-25
(Proj.)
680.0
-
680.0
-
118.7
40.8
520.5
11-12
(Proj.)
432.5
-
432.5
-
31.2
37.5
363.8
06-07
(Antic.)
407.0
-
407.0
-
27.5
36.1
343.4
05-06
(Actual)
Grand Total
Coal equiv. of
CBM-UCG
Total Coal Production
Unblocked Areas
Others including Captive
SCCL
CIL
( in Mt)
Source: Draft Report of WG on Coal & Lignite for XI Plan & VisioSource: Draft Report of WG on Coal & Lignite for XI Plan & Vision Coal 2025n Coal 2025
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Thrust AreasThrust Areas
To introduce stateTo introduce state--ofof--art mining and beneficiationart mining and beneficiationtechnologiestechnologies
To harness coal resources with due regard toTo harness coal resources with due regard toenvironmental and social issuesenvironmental and social issues
To promote exploration and exploitation of CBM,To promote exploration and exploitation of CBM,CMM & AMMCMM & AMM
To promote underground coal gasification and coalTo promote underground coal gasification and coalliquefactionliquefaction
ToTo modernisemodernise mining practices through IT drivenmining practices through IT drivenprocess control and managementprocess control and management
To promote research and development in Coal SectorTo promote research and development in Coal Sector
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Coal Movement in India
Bulk of coal (47%) is transported by well
developed railway network Pit-head consumers by dedicated MGR rail
link(23%)
Coastal consumers in Southern India by rail-cum- Sea Route.
Limited Aerial Ropeway and belt conveyors
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Coal Preparation As per GoI stipulation, power houses situated
beyond 1000 kms from pitheads, load centers andspecified areas must use
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Largest Equipment Size
-2.20m - 3.70m
0.3m - 0.6m
SURFACE MINER
Cutting Width
Cutting Depth
-24/96DRAGLINE
42 cum20 cumROPE SHOVEL
PROPOSED TOBE INDUCTED
AT PRESENT
16 cum11.8 cumHYDRAULIC SHOVEL
DOZER
RBH DRILL
REAR DUMPER
770 hp
311 mm
170 T
850 hp
381 mm
250T
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Technology-wise Break-up of Underground
Coal Production
62.75TOTAL
2.61Other methods
2.87Mechanized Longwall
0.14Conventional Longwall
34.40Mechanized Bord & Pillar
22.74Manual Bord & Pillar2005 06 (MT)Method of mining
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Future Trends : (Underground Mining)
Phasing out of manual mining
Adoption of higher level of mechanisation
Powered Support Longwall
Continuous miner
Blasting Gallery
High wall mining
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Underground Coal Mining-
Thrust Areas Extraction of coal locked in pillars/ below
developed seams
Strata control, particularly Hard Roof Management
Mining of Thick seams
Mining of moderately inclined seams ( 150 to 250) Mining of steeply inclined seams ( more than 250)
Fast drivage of Inclines / Shafts
Communication Technology allowing controlroom operation of UG mines
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CMM Demonstration ProjectCMM Demonstration Project
CBM Recovery and CommercialCBM Recovery and Commercial UtilisationUtilisation
Being implemented jointly by BCCL and CMPDIL inBeing implemented jointly by BCCL and CMPDIL in
SudamdihSudamdih andand MoonidihMoonidih mines of BCCLmines of BCCL Fund provided by GoI/GEF/UNDPFund provided by GoI/GEF/UNDP
The aim of the project is:The aim of the project is:
To acquire exposure in CBM production fromTo acquire exposure in CBM production fromvirgin area and working mine by drilling fromvirgin area and working mine by drilling from
surface and undergroundsurface and underground
UtilisationUtilisation technique of extracted CBMtechnique of extracted CBM
The gas is likely to be available from 2007The gas is likely to be available from 2007--08 for08 for
utilisationutilisation
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Thrust Areas for Research ActivitiesThrust Areas for Research Activities Development of mining methods for steep and thick seamsDevelopment of mining methods for steep and thick seams
Development of hard roof management technique like HydroDevelopment of hard roof management technique like Hydrofracturing or safe blasting etc.fracturing or safe blasting etc.
CBM / CMM resource assessment and recovery techniquesCBM / CMM resource assessment and recovery techniquessuitable for Indian conditionssuitable for Indian conditions
InIn--situ gasification of identified coal/lignite seamssitu gasification of identified coal/lignite seams
Detection and mapping of old and unapproachable undergroundDetection and mapping of old and unapproachable undergroundworkingsworkings
Application of I.T for detection of trapped miners in the eventApplication of I.T for detection of trapped miners in the event ofofdisastersdisasters
Cost effective beneficiation of LVHR coalsCost effective beneficiation of LVHR coals
Improved fine coal recovery techniques for coking coalImproved fine coal recovery techniques for coking coalwasherieswasheries
Conversion of coal to Liquid hydroConversion of coal to Liquid hydro--carbons/surface gasificationcarbons/surface gasification
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Development of miningmethods for winning steep
and thick coal seams
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Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- STEEP SEAM EXTRACTION IN NEC
NEC is a unit of Coal India Limited in North East India.
Presently working 3 UG mines and 2 Open Cast mines
Tertiary Coal Low ash, high sulphur, caking in nature
All seams are of Deg III gassiness ( >10m3 CH4/te ofcoal produced)
Coals are friable, soft and prone to spontaneous heating
Soft roof and soft floor Roof & floor consists of clay, shale, mudstone & siltstone
Highly acidic mine water due to presence of sulphur
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Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
Evergreen tropical forestVegetation
Humid but short summer, prolonged rainy
season and fairly cold winter
Climate
Hilly rugged terrain having steep slopes
with elevations ranging from 175m - 500mabove mean sea level in Tipong Block and160m - 360m above mean sea level inLachitkhani Block
Topography
GENERAL FEATURES
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Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
Upto 500mUpto 400mUpto 560mUpto 450mExploreddepth(m)
15m to 50m15m to50m
15m to50m
15m to 50mIncropdepth
250 to 400 in southern &
250 to 300 in thenorthern side
550 to 750 in eastern part& 400 to 550 in westernpart
Gradient
5.4 19.24.05-9.007.84-19.83.93 8.62Thickness(m)
60ft seam20 ft seam60ft seam20 ft seam
LACHITKHANI BLOCK(LEDO)
TIPONG BLOCKParticulars
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF 20 ft & 60 ft SEAMS
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60ft seam60ft seam
LACHITKHANI BLOCK( LEDO)
TIPONG BLOCKParticulars
20 ft seam20 ft seam
27.2258.38Grand Total(Mt)
20.266.9643.6714.71Total (Mt)
3.68(New)
2.03(T)
14.55(B)
1.43 (T)
3.84(B)1.68(T+B)
32.63
(west)11.03(East)
8.08 (West)
6.629 (East)
Reserve
(Mt)
COAL RESERVES
Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
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78776650*35% of extraction
within panel
135210220175*150Avg. Prod(TPD)
450 to 550Above 600400 to500
250 to 350Above
380Seam Gradient
4 to 4.55 to 66 to 96 to 93 to 11Seam
Thickness (m)
CKShield
SectionalShield
Rigid DescendingShield Method
Flexible
Roofing
ScaperAssisted
Chamber
TipongParticulars
UG METHODS OF WORK APPLIED IN NEC
Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
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Present Method
Tipong mine: Modified Tipong Method
Ledo mine: Scraper assisted chamber method. Methods tried earlier
Flexible roofing:The net used for flexible roofing got punctured
resulting in deterioration of qualityAs total coal could not be evacuated, it led to fire
Descending shield method:Non availability of thick timber required in this method.
Uneven roof and floor surface creating difficulty inshield sliding.Variation in seam thickness did not allow the shield todescend.
METHODS OF WORK USED IN TIPONG & LEDO
Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
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270003000030000LEDO
443006480056500TIPONG
03-0404-0505-06MINE
PRODUCTION ACHIEVED (te)
Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
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OBJECTIVE OF CO-OPERATION
To achieve improved productionperformance and extraction percentage ofthe steep seam higher value coal by utilizingimproved mining technology.
Explore alternative mining methods availablein the member countries to the uniquecharacteristics of the coal bearing strata of
the North Eastern Region.
Extraction of Steep & Thick Coal Seam
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Study on Coal Quality ManagementSystem in India - Beneficiation
of Coking and Thermal coals
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INDIANINDIAN COALSCOALS -- CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
FAVOURABLE
Low sulphur content [around 0.5 %]
Less trace elements
More environment friendly due to above
UNFAVOURABLE Contain high percentage of inorganic impurities (due
to Drift origin); 65% of non-coking coal belongs to
high ash category (grade E and below)
Contain high percentage of Near Gravity Materials
(NGM)
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CONSUMERSCONSUMERS COAL QUALITY NEEDCOAL QUALITY NEED
< 34Power Sector
20-25Cement Sector
About 15Coal Dust Injection (CDI)
About 25Heat Intense Industries
20-25Corex Technology for Steel
About 25Sponge Iron Technology
17+0.5Steel Sector
Acceptable limit of
Ash%
Coal Consumers
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COAL BENEFICIATIONCOAL BENEFICIATION2025 (Projection)2025 (Projection)
1061Grand Total
1012Total Non-Coking
810Inferior Grade
202Superior Grade
Non-Coking
13LVHR
36Coking
2025 (in Mt)Quality of Coal
The entire production of coking & low volatile high rankcoal and most of the inferior grade non-coking coal willneed beneficiation.
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COAL BENEFICIATION (cont.)COAL BENEFICIATION (cont.)
Most of the existing washeries have outlived theirlives and require replacement.
New plants have to be erected to cater to theadditional production of coking and LVHR coal
The capacity of non-coking coal washeries needto be greatly increased considering that around
40-45% of the inferior grade non-coking coalwould require beneficiation.
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Beneficiation of Coking Coal fromV/VI/VII/VIII lower seams ofJharia coalfields
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Typical Characteristics
Thick seams with number of bands spreading over approximately30 km stretch along the strike direction.
General characteristics of these coals are Low in Volatile Matter content (15 to 20%)
High ash content ( 30 to 35% or even more),
These coals posses unique petrographic characteristics as
follows:
Mean vitrinite reflectance varies between 1.25 and 1.45%showing desirable maturity of coal.
High inertinite content (60-70%, sometimes even more) whichare intimately mixed with inorganic micro components aswell as with vitrinite, which gives a high percentage of neargravity material (50-60%) at the desired specific gravity of cut.
T l h d
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Typical Characteristics (Contd...)
Due to intimate mixing of microcomponents, these coals have extremely
poor liberation characteristics when raw coal is progressively crushed
from 75 to say, 13 or 6 or even 3 mm, the
yield of cleans at 17.5 + 0.5 % ash variesbetween 30 and 35% only.
Existing coking coal washery circuits arenot capable to beneficiate such coaleconomically.
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LVC Coal :
Projected production programme
Projected production programme by the year 2011-12
is as follows :
Presently usedfor Powergeneration
Nil13Low Volatile HighRank (LVHR), i.e.,high ash Coking
coal
RemarksExistingWashing
Cap, mty
ProjectedProduction
mty
Type of Coal
O CT O CT
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In the context of fast depleting reserves of prime cokingcoal it has become necessary to utilize low volatilecoking coal (LVCC) for coke making for use in blastfurnace after proper blending.
To develop/ establish a suitable technology forbeneficiation of high ash difficult-to-wash Coking coalfrom V/VI/VII/VIII seams coal of Jharia coal field
To set up a Demonstration Plant of capacity around 0.5 1 Mty of raw coal for washing of V/VI/VII/VIII seamcoal of Jharia coal field to obtain: Metallurgical grade coking coal (Ash % ~ 18 + 0.5) as
Cleans Power grade coal (Ash < 34)
Low Carbon Rejects
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
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Capacity creation inresource assessment of
CBM/CMM/AMM
D l t fD l p nt f C lb dC lb d M th i I diM th n in Indi
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Development of CBM from deep seated coal
deposits (VCBM) has made considerableprogress.
26 CBM blocks have so far been allotted withprognosticated resource of 1.45 tcm in 13591 Sq.Km area.
The production potential from the allotted blocksis 38 MMSCMD.
Development ofDevelopment ofCoalbedCoalbed Methane in IndiaMethane in India
C l i M hC l i M h
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Development of CMM/AMM has been visualised through aconcept paper and steps are being taken in this regard.
A CMM demonstration project is under implementation jointlyby BCCL and CMPDI in Sudamdih and Moonidih mines of
BCCL with GoI/GEF/UNDP funding
The surface drilling has started.The gas is likely to be available from 2007-08 for
utilisation.
CMM resource of 150 BCM has been tentatively assessed for 5coalfields viz Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro (East & West) and S.
Karanpura. This resource would, however, require firming up.
Coalmine MethaneCoalmine Methane
C l i M th
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The development of CMM/AMM in India is not at par withVCBM as it is constrained on account of various reasons.
Constraints in development of CMM/AMM9 Capacity is lacking in resource modeling of de-stressed coal
seams and determination of techno-economic feasibility of
CMM project9 Legal/safety frame work for CMM exploitation
9 Ownership issues
9 Lack of infrastructure for cost effective transportation &
utilisation of recovered methane.
Coalmine Methane
C l i M th
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Assistance and Collaboration Area
Resource modelling of coal seams under
de-stressed condition by experts in the field
Development of a model project with well
defined functional areas of each stake
holders
Economic analysis of the project conceived
Coalmine Methane
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Insitu Coal Gasification
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In India, UCG was taken up as a National Project in early 80's.
The Pilot Scale Project at Merta Road could not be taken updue to apprehension of contamination of ground water, onwhich the local population is dependent.
With the thrust on clean coal technology and advancement insupportive technologies, there is a renewed interest in UCG.
Keen interest is being shown by several agencies in Public andPrivate sector.
Headway is being made by the national coal & lignitecompanies in association with ONGC and SIM Russia in UCG.
Underground Coal Gasification
Underground Coal Gasification
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Proposed collaboration area
Technology transfer for pursuing UCG in followingareas
Site selection initially for a pilot scale studies
Taking up pilot scale studies in an collaborative
regime for establishing techno-economics
If found feasible pursuing a commercial project
with CO2 sequestration under a collaborative
regime
Underground Coal Gasification
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Capacity creation in assessingCarbon Credit benefits related to
CBM/CMM/UCG etc.
Capacity creation for Carbon Credit
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Development of CBM/CMM/UCG is priorityarea of GoI
To accrue full benefit of clean coal technologiessuch as CBM,CMM,UCG etc, we need to
develop expertise in formulating relevantprojects in these areas qualifying carbon credit
mechanism
Capacity building for carbon credit is identifiedas an area of cooperation
Capacity creation for Carbon Credit
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Thank you