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R djghjcu j yfcsotyyjcnb gkfcnfD yjdjq, njkmrj ghj,uhtyjq crdf;byt,rfhjnf; cjghjnbdktybz d jnrhsnjvcndjkt bcgjkmpu.n lkz jghtltktybz djlj-b UD-yfcsotyyjcnb. Jlyfrj, gjcktrhtgktybz crdf;bys rjynhjkm yfcsoty-yjcnb ghb[jlbncz ghjdjlbnm, bcgjkmpuznfrbt ghb,jhs, rfr ghb,jh TDT bkb C/O,f nfr;t ghb,jh lkz cgtrnhjvtnhbxtcrjujufvvf-frnbdfwbjyyjuj rfhjnf;f (GST),rjnjhsq «dblbn» xthtp j,cflyst nhu,s.

Ghb,jh bvgukmcyjuj ytqnhjyyjujntgkjdjuj rfhjnf;f TDT jghtltkztndjljyfcsotyyjcnm gj rjeaabwbtynugjukjotybz ntgkjds[ ytqnhjyjd, ghtlc-nfdktyysv ctxtybtv pf[dfnf Σ gkfcnf,(cv. hfpltk «Jcyjds ufvvf-cgtrnhj-vtnhbb», cnh. 48). Dscjrbq rjeaabwbtyngjukjotybz urfpsdftn yf yfkbxbt vbythf-kbpjdfyjq djls, cjlth;fotq [kjh, rjnj-hsq zdkztncz [jhjibv gjukjnbntktv

Jghtltktybt cntgtyb yfcsotyyjcnbuuktdjljhjlfvb b djljyfcsotyyjcnbgkfcnf ghtlcnfdkztncz dtcmvf df;ysvlkz ughfdktybz ht;bvjv ercgkufnfwbb.Gjcnjzyysq rjynhjkm pf yfcsotyyjcnm.gj dhtvtyb ytj,[jlbv lkz jghtltktybzbcnjotybz pfkt;b, gkfybhjdfybz rfgb-nfkmyjuj htvjynf b byntycbabrfwbbytantbpdktxtybz, f nfr;t lbfuyjcnbrbghj,ktv, djpybrf.ob[ d [jlt ercgkufnf-wbb, nfrb[ rfr djljghbnjr bkb ghjhsdyfuytnftvjq djls.

Nhflbwbjyyst vtnjls jwtyrb yfcsoty-yjcnb — bvgukmcysq ytqnhjyysq rfhjnf;c htubcnhfwbtq dhtvtyb nthvbxtcrjujhfcgflf ntgkjds[ ytqnhjyjd (TDT)1,cgtrnhjvtnhbxtcrbq rfhjnf; gj uukthjlub rbckjhjlu (C/O)2 — vjuun ,snm bcgjkm-pjdfys njkmrj d crdf;byf[ c dscjrjqcntgtym. vbythfkbpfwbb gkfcnjds[ djlb crdf;byf[ ,tp YRN, cjjndtncndtyyj.Ghb,jh RST ghtjljktdftn enb juhfybxt-ybz, bcgjkmpuz j,f vtnjlf rfhjnf;f bljcnfnjxyj vfksq lbfvtnh lkz hf,jnsd rjkjyyt YRN.3 Ghb bcgjkmpjdfybbghb,jhf RST ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb d pfrhs-nbb crdf;bys b bpdktxtybb YRN. Enjgjpdjkztn erjyjvbnm chtlcndf, bp,tufnmgjdnjhyjuj dnjh;tybz ak.blf d gthajhb-hjdfyyst bynthdfks b cktlbnm pf hf,jnjqcrdf;bys d ht;bvt ercgkufnfwbb (hbc. 1).

¡Ó· ¿‰Óθ٠(Bob Adolf)KËÒÚË‡Ì —ÚÓÎΠ(Christian Stoller)„. ’¸˛ÒÚÓÌ, ¯Ú. “Âı‡Ò, —ÿ¿

ƒÊÂË ¡ÂÈ‰Ë (Jerry Brady)¿–KŒ ¿ÎˇÒ͇ »ÌÍ.„. ¿ÌÍÓˉÊ, ¯Ú. ¿ÎˇÒ͇, —ÿ¿

◊‡ÎÁ ‘ÎÓÏ (Charles Flaum)„. ÃÓÌÚÛÊ, ‘‡ÌˆËˇ

◊‡Í ÃÂΘ (Chuck Melcher)¡˝‰ –ÓÒÍÓÛ (Brad Roscoe)„. –ˉÊÙËΉ, ¯Ú. KÓÌÌÂÍÚËÍÛÚ, —ÿ¿

¿Ï‡Î¸ ¬ËÚÚ‡˜Ë (Amal Vittachi)ƒÂ”ÂÈÌ ÿÌÓ (DeWayne Schnorr)„. ¿ÌÍÓˉÊ, ¯Ú. ¿ÎˇÒ͇, —ÿ¿

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crdf;bys, lkz bpdktxtybz YRN, b ytpfdbcbvj jn uhjdyz cjktyjcnb gkfcnj-

ds[ djl d crdf;byt.

Seeman B and Thomas SR: “A New Through-TubingOil Saturation Measurement System,” paper SPE 21413,presented at the SPE Middle East Oil Show, Bahrain,November, 16-19, 1991.

4. ƒÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇ˇ ËÌÙÓχˆËˇ ÔÓ ‡‰ËÓ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÏÛ͇ÓÚ‡ÊÛ:

Ellis DV: Well Logging for Earth Scientists. NewYork, USA; Elsevier, 1987.

Tittman J: Geophysical Well Logging. Orlando,Florida, USA; Academic Press, Inc., 1986.

Ellis DV, Grau J, Schweitzer J and Hertzog R: “Basicsof Nuclear Logging,” Oilfield Review 35, no. 3 (July1987), 4-10.

Stoller C, Scott HD, Plasek RE, Lucas AJ and AdolphRA: “Field Tests of a Slim Carbon/Oxygen Tool forReservoir Saturation Monitoring,” paper SPE 25375,presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and GasConference and Exhibition, Singapore, February 8-10, 1993.

Scott HD, Stoller C, Roscoe BA, Plasek RE and AdolphRA: “A New Compensated Through-TubingCarbon/Oxygen Tool for Use in Flowing Wells,”Transactions of the SPWLA 32nd Annual LoggingSymposium, Midland, Texas, USA, June 16-19, 1991,paper MM.

Roscoe BA, Stoller C, Adolph RA, Boutemy Y,Cheeseborough JC III, Hall JS, McKeon DC, Pittman D,

–‰‡ÍˆËˇ ·Î‡„Ó‰‡ËÚ Á‡ ÔÓÏÓ˘¸ ‚ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í ˝ÚÓÈÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë ƒ‡‚Ë̇ ›ÎÎËÒ‡ Ë ƒÊÂÙ‡ ÿ‚‡ÈˆÂ‡ (̇ۘÌÓ-ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÒÍËÈ ÂÌÚ ƒÓÎÎ ÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËË ÿÎ˛Ï·ÂÊÂ,„. –ˉÊÙËΉ, ¯Ú. KÓÌÌÂÍÚËÍÛÚ, —ÿ¿) Ë ÃÓı‡Ï‰‡”‡ÚÙ‡ (¿·Û ƒ‡·Ë, Œ·˙‰ËÌÂÌÌ˚ ¿‡·ÒÍË ›ÏˇÚ˚).

›Ú‡ ÒÚ‡Ú¸ˇ ‚Ô‚˚ ·˚· ÓÔÛ·ÎËÍÓ‚‡Ì‡ ‚ ÌÓÏÂÂÊÛ̇· ´ŒÈÎÙËΉ –‚¸˛ª Á‡ ˇÌ‚‡¸ 1994 „.

¬ ÚÓÈ Òڇڸ ËÒÔÓθÁÛ ÚÒ ÌËÊÂÛ͇Á‡ÌÌ˚ ÙËÏÂÌÌ˚ÂÓ·ÓÁ̇˜ÂÌˡ Ë Ï‡ÍË ÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËË ÿÎ˛Ï·ÂÊÂ: ELAN ó ÎÂÏÂÌÚÌ˚È ‡Ì‡ÎËÁ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı „ÂÓÙËÁ˘ÂÒÍËıËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ ÒÍ‚‡ÊËÌ (√»—), CNL ó ÌÂÈÚÓÌÌ˚È͇ÓÚ‡Ê Ò ÍÓÏÔÂÌÒ‡ˆËÂÈ ‚ÎˡÌˡ ÒÍ‚‡ÊËÌ˚,Gradiomanometer ó ‰ËÙÙÂÂ̈ˇθÌ˚È ÒÍ‚‡ÊËÌÌ˚ÈχÌÓÏÂÚ, RST ó ÔË·Ó ‰Îˇ ÓÔ‰ÂÎÂÌˡ ̇Ò˚˘ÂÌ-ÌÓÒÚË Ô·ÒÚ‡, GST ó ÒÔÂÍÚÓÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍËÈ „‡Ïχ-‡ÍÚË‚‡ˆËÓÌÌ˚È Í‡ÓÚ‡Ê, Dual Burst Ë TDT ó ËÏÔÛθÒÌ˚ÈÌÂÈÚÓÌÌ˚È ÚÂÔÎÓ‚ÓÈ Ë ËÏÔÛθÒÌ˚È Í‡ÓÚ‡Ê Ò„ËÒÚ‡ˆËÂÈ ‚ÂÏÂÌË ÚÂÏ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ‡ÒÔ‡‰‡ ÚÂÔÎÓ‚˚ıÌÂÈÚÓÌÓ‚. ÇÍËÌÚÓ¯ ó ÙËÏÂÌÌÓ ӷÓÁ̇˜ÂÌËÂÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËË ¿ÔÔÎ KÓÏÔ¸˛Ú »ÌÍ. VAX ó ÙËÏÂÌÌÓÂÓ·ÓÁ̇˜ÂÌË ÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËË ƒË‰ÊËڇΠ›ÍÛËÔÏÂÌÚKÓÔÓÂȯÌ.

1. Steinman DK, Adolph RA, Mahdavi M, Marienbach E,Preeg WE and Wraight PD: “Dual-Burst ThermalDecay Time Logging Principles,” paper SPE 15437,presented at the 61st SPE Annual Technical Conferenceand Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA,October 5-8, 1986.

2. Woodhouse R and Kerr SA: “The Evaluation of OilSaturation Through Casing Using Carbon-OxygenLogs,” report SPE 17610 presented at the SPEInternational Meeting on Petroleum Engineering,Tianjin, China, November 1-4, 1988.

3. Audah T and Chardac J-L: “Reservoir Fluid MonitoringUsing Through-Tubing Carbon/Oxygen Tools,”Transactions of the SPWLA 34th Annual LoggingSymposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 13-16,1993, paper LL.

ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 39

bp,snjxys[ ntgkjds[ ytqnhjyjd. Ybprbqrjeaabwbtyn gjukjotybz urfpsdftn yfghtcyu. djlu bkb uuktdjljhjls.

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Rjulf ;t cjktyjcnm gkfcnjdjq djlsckbirjv ybprfz bkb ytbpdtcnyf, vj;yjbcgjkmpjdfnm rfhjnf; C/O, rjnjhsqbpvthztn ufvvf-bpkuxtybt, djpybrf.ottd htpukmnfnt ytughuujuj hfcctzybz ytqnhj-yjd lkz jghtltktybz jnyjcbntkmys[rjywtynhfwbq uukthjlf b rbckjhjlf dgkfcnt. Dscjrjt cjjnyjitybt C/O urf-psdftn yf yfkbxbt ytantyjcys[ gkfcnjd,f ybprjt ;t cjjnyjitybt — yf yfkbxbtdjlj- bkb ufpjyjcys[ gkfcnjd (hbc. 2).

Jcyjdysv ytljcnfnrjv ghb,jhjd rfhj-nf;f C/O zdkztncz b[ ,jkmijq lbfvtnh.Lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz enb[ ghb,jhjd lbf-vtnhjv jrjkj 4 l.qvjd, ytj,[jlbvjpfrhsdfnm ercgkufnbhutvst crdf;bys bbpdktrfnm rjkjyyu YRN. Rhjvt njuj,crjhjcnm rfhjnf;f c ghbvtytybtv enb[ghb,jhjd ybprfz b jyb ,jktt xudcndbntkm-ys r crdf;bysv ak.blfv, xtv r gkfcnj-dsv ak.blfv, xnj crfpsdftncz yf njxyjc-nb bpvthtybz yfcsotyyjcnb.

Ghjcnjnf bcgjkmpjdfybz ghb,jhf RSTGhb,jh RST htiftn enb ghj,ktvs,ghbvtyzz rfr C/O, nfr b TDT rfhjnf;(cv. hfpltk «Rfhjnf; c bcgjkmpjdfybtvghb,jhf RST yf vtcnjhj;ltybb Ghulju<eq», cnh. 41). Cuotcndutn ldf nbgfghb,jhjd ldu[ lbfvtnhjd: 1-11/16 l.qvf(RST-A) b 2-1/2 l.qvf (RST-B), rjnjhstvj;yj ghbvtyznm d cjxtnfybb c lhuubvbghb,jhfvb ercgkufnfwbjyyjuj rfhjnf;f(hbc. 2f). Ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb ghb,jhfRST-A rfhjnf; ghj[jlbn d xtnsht hfpf,scnhtt, xtv ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb ghb,jhfGST. Crjhjcnm rfhjnf;f c bcgjkmpjdfybtvghb,jhf RST-B, tlbycndtyyjuj ghb,jhfrfhjnf;f C/O, ghbvtyztvjuj lkz rfhjnf-;f hf,jnf.ob[ crdf;by, gjlj,yf crjhjc-nb pfvthjd c gjvjom. ghb,jhf GST.

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Lkz cjjnyjitybq C/O rfr lkz ,kb;ytuj, nfr b lkz lfkmytuj ltntrnjhjd, [fhfrnthyjhtprjt udtkbxtybt yf uku,byt {258 v, j,jpyfxf.otq gjdth[yjcnm hfpltkf djlf-ytanm.Dsit uku,bys 259 v dtkbxbys cjjnyjitybq C/O lkz j,jb[ ltntrnjhjd gjcntgtyyjhfcnun, jnvtxfz uku,bys, yf rjnjhs[ lj,sdftncz ytanm.

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40 çÂÙÚflÌÓ é·ÓÁpÂÌËÂ

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J,t hfpyjdblyjcnb ghb,jhf jcyfotyslduvz ltntrnjhfvb ufvvf-bpkuxtybz. Dghb,jht RST-A j,f ltntrnjhf ucnfyjdktysyf jcb ghb,jhf b hfpltktys erhfyjv,ghtgzncndu.obv ghj[j;ltyb. ytqnhjyjdb ufvvf-bpkuxtyb.. D ghb,jht RST-Bltntrnjhs cvtotys gj jnyjityb. r jcbghb,jhf b erhfybhjdfys c wtkm. udtkbxt-ybz xudcndbntkmyjcnb ,kb;ytuj ltntrnjhfd cndjkt b lfkmytuj ltntrnjhf d gkfcnt.Enj gjpdjkztn jghtltkznm ytantyfcsoty-yjcnm d rjkktrnjht b j,]tvyjt cjlth;f-ybt ytanb d gjnjrt ghjlurwbb gj htpukm-nfnfv jlyb[ b nt[ ;t bpvthtybq C/O,ghjdtltyys[ c bcgjkmpjdfybtv ghb,jhfRST-B. Dcktlcndbt juhfybxtybz hfpvthjdghb,jhf RST-A, ucnfyjdrf nfrjuj pfobn-yjuj erhfyf ytdjpvj;yf. D nfrjv ckuxftytj,[jlbvj ytpfdbcbvjt jghtltktybtj,]tvyjuj cjlth;fybz ak.bljd d cndjktcrdf;bys gj gjrfpfybzv, yfghbvth,lbaathtywbfkmyjuj crdf;byyjuj vfyj-vtnhf dj dhtvz jlyjuj b njuj ;t rfhjnf;-yjuj wbrkf bkb rfhjnf;f d jcnfyjdktyyjqcrdf;byt.

ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 41

D hfqjyt Ghulju <eq yf[jlbncz cfvjt,jkmijt ytanzyjt vtcnjhj;ltybt dCtdthyjq Fvthbrt, rjnjhjt cjlth;fkjd 1968 u.,1 rjulf jyj ,skj jnrhsnj,3,2 vkhl. v3 ytanb. <jkmit dctuj uukt-djljhjljd yf[jlbncz d vtcnjhj;ltybbBdbifr Ceylcnjuy. Jcyjdysvb vtnjlfvblj,sxb zdkz.ncz uhfdbnfwbjyysq lhtyf;gkfcnf, yfuytnfybt ufpf, cnbvukzwbzghbnjrf djljyjcyjuj gkfcnf, pfdjlyt-ybt b yfuytnfybt d gkfcn cvtibdf.otujczufpf. Xthtp ytrjnjhjt dhtvz hfcghjcnhfyt-ybt ufpf yfl ytanzyjq xfcnm. pfkt;bb djls gjl ytq cjplfkj gjldb;yst ytanz-yst wtkbrb, rjnjhst nhulyj j,yfhu;bnm.Cjktyjcnm pfrfxfyyjq djls ybprfz, xnjcjplftn cjjndtncndu.obt uckjdbz lkzrfhjnf;f C/O c bcgjkmpjdfybtv ghb,jhfRST.2

Gj vtht hfphf,jnrb vtcnjhj;ltybzGhulj <eq d cdzpb c hjcnjv lj,sxb ufpfb djls, vjoyjcnm yfptvys[ cjjhu;tybqcnfyjdbncz ytljcnfnjxyjq, xnj juhfyb-xbdftn lj,sxu ytanb. Lkz ufpf nhu,j-ghjdjlf yt cuotcndutn, b tuj ghb[jlbnczpfrfxbdfnm j,hfnyj. Yf crdf;byf[, ultlj,sxf ytanb gflftn, f ufpf b djls hfcntn,j,sxyj ghjbpdjlzn rfgbnfkmysq htvjyn,bkb lj,sdf.n ytanm c gthths-dfvb.Udtkbxtybt chjrf ercgkufnfwbb berjyjvbxtcrjq ;bpytcgjcj,yjcnb enb[vfkjlt,bnys[ crdf;by pfdbcbn jndjpvj;yjcnb cjrhfnbnm lj,sxu ufpf bdjls b udtkbxbnm lj,sxu ytanb pf cxtnyt dcrhsns[ hfytt ytanzys[ pjy.

Lfyyst, gjkuxtyyst ghb,jhjv RST,,skb bcgjkmpjdfys lkz cjrhfotybzj,djlytyyjcnb crdf;bys rjvgfybb<hbnbi Gtnhjktuv, bvt.otq ytantyjc-ysq bynthdfk d gtcxfybrt vjoyjcnm.76 v (hbc. 3). Lbfuhfvvs rfhjnf;f djnrhsnjv cndjkt, ghjdjlbvjuj d 1983 u.(yt gjrfpfyj), urfpsdf.n yf djlj-ytanz-yjq rjynfrn (DYR) yf uku,byt {381 v byf gthdjyfxfkmysq ufpj-ytanzyjq rjynfrn(UYR) yf uku,byt {320 v.

R 1992 u. ntvg lj,sxb cjrhfnbkcz, xnjcdbltntkmcndjdfkj j pyfxbntkmyjv bcnj-otybb rjkktrnjhf. Ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnmcrdf;bys cjcnfdkzkf 596 v3 ;blrjcnb dcunrb ghb j,djlytyyjcnb 94%. Lj,sxfytanb cjcnfdkzkf 35 v3 d cunrb b j,]tv-yjt cjjnyjitybt ufpf d ytanb cjcnfdbkj201 v3 ufpf yf v3 ytanb. Ghb,jh RSTghbvtyzkb lkz jwtyrb hfcghtltktybzuuktdjljhjljd b yf[j;ltybz rjynfrnfak.bljd.

Lfyyst rfhjnf;f C/O, ghjdtltyyjujd hf,jnf.otq crdf;byt, d cjxtnfybb chtpukmnfnfvb ytqnhjyyjuj rfhjnf;f crjvgtycfwbtq dkbzybz crdf;bys (CNL),skb bcgjkmpjdfys d rfxtcndt d[jlys[gfhfvtnhjd lkz ghjdtltybz fyfkbpf cgjvjom. ghjuhfvvs ELAN (ghfdfzljhj;rf). Htpukmnfns ;blrjcnyjuj fyfkb-pf gjlndthlbkb afrn bcnjotybz ghbnjrfytanb d j,jb[ gthajhbhjdfyys[ bynthdf-kf[ b jghtltkbkb UYR yf uku,byt {338 v.Lbfuhfvvf jcnfditqcz ytanb ucnfyjdbkflj,sxu ytanb bp gthajhbhjdfyys[ bynth-dfkjd dsit uku,bys {357 v, b tuj htpukm-nfns ,skb bcgjkmpjdfys lkz jghtltktybzDYR yf enjq uku,byt. Bp yb;ytuj gthaj-hbhjdfyyjuj bynthdfkf ytanm yt gjcnu-gfkf. Gjckt njuj, rfr gthajhfwbjyystjndthcnbz enjuj bynthdfkf ,skb pfrhsns,ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnm crdf;bys cjcnfdbkf48 v3 ytanb d cunrb ghb ytpyfxbntkmyjqj,djlytyyjcnb.

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Hbc. 3. Cyb;tybt j,djlytyyjcnb. Yf ktdjq ljhj;rt ghtlcnfdktys lbfuhfv-vs ufvvf-rfhjnf;f b j,]tvyjuj cjlth;f-ybz ytanb, gjkuxtyyst d ltqcndu.otqcrdf;byt. Rhbdfz j,]tvyjuj cjlth;fybzytanb gjrfpsdftn jncuncndbt lj,sxbytanb yb;t X357 v. Yf ghfdjq ljhj;rtghtlcnfdktys htpukmnfns fyfkbpf ELAN,gjkuxtyyst d jnrhsnjv cndjkt gj [fhfr-nthbcnbrfv ak.bljd gj RST. Enj urf-psdftn yf bcnjotybt ytanb yb;t X357 v.Gjckt ucnfyjdrb gfrthf d yb;ytv gthaj-hbhjdfyyjv bynthdfkt ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnmudtkbxbkfcm c 35 v3 ytanb d cunrb ghbj,djlytyyjcnb 94% lj 48 v3 ytanb dcunrb ghb ytpyfxbntkmyjq j,djlytyjcnb.

1. Shirzadi SG and Lawal AS: “MultidisciplinaryApproach for Targeting New Wells in the PrudhoeBay Field,” paper SPE 26093, presented at the SPEWestern Regional Meeting, Anchorage, Alaska,USA, May 26-28, 1993.

2. Vittachi A and Schnorr D: “Reservoir OilSaturation Monitoring Through Casing With NewCarbon/Oxygen Measurements,” Transactions ofthe SPWLA 34th Annual Logging Symposium,Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 13-16, 1993,paper HHH. Dupree JH and Cunningham AB: “The Applicationof Carbon/Oxygen Logging Technology to theIvishak Sandstone, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska,” paperSPE 19615, presented at the 64th SPE AnnualTechnical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio,Texas, USA, October 8-11, 1989.

42 çÂÙÚflÌÓ é·ÓÁpÂÌËÂ

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J,yfhu;tybt wtkbrjd ytanb d gkfcntD yfxfkt 1992 u. rjvgfybz FHRJ ghjdtkf,uhjdst hf,jns c pfhtprjq ,jrjdjujcndjkf b gthajhfwb. d hfqjyt Ghulj<eq, d rjnjhjv ghjdjlbkjcm pfdjlytybt.Vtytt xtv xthtp gjkujlf lj,sxf cjcnf-dbkf 90% djls, f lj,sxf ytanb ,skf yf32 v3 d cunrb vtytt j;blftvjq. Gthdjyf-xfkmysq bynthdfk gthajhbhjdfybz ,skudtkbxty c {126 lj {134 v (hbc. 4).Rfhjnf; C/J ghjdjlbkcz d ythf,jnf.-otq crdf;byt c bcgjkmpjdfybtv nht[hfpkbxys[ ghj,jhjd: RST b ldu[ pjyljdlhuub[ rjvgfybq.

Htpukmnfns, gjkuxtyyst ghb,jhjv RST,gjlndthlbkb bcnjotybt ytanb d gthajhb-hjdfyyjv bynthdfkt (ljhj;rb 2 b 3).Htpukmnfns yfuytnfybz d gkfcn cvtibdf.-otujcz ufpf jouof.ncz gj dctvu rjkktr-njhu. Cjjnyjitybt gjrfpfybq cxtnxbrjdd ytughuujv ht;bvt lkz ,kb;ytuj blfkmytuj ltntrnjhjd zdkztncz rfxtcndty-ysv gjrfpfntktv ghbcuncndbz ufpf drjkktrnjht. Rhjvt njuj, hfpkbxbz vt;luhtpukmnfnfvb fyfkbpf ;blrjcnb d ytj,cf-;tyyjq crdf;byt b htpukmnfnfvb fyfkbpfc bcgjkmpjdfybtv ghb,jhf RST ljk;ys,snm jnytctys pf cxtn ghbcuncndbz ufpf.

Jlyf bp gjntywbfkmys[ pjy c wtkbrfvbytanb d gkfcnt (F) ,skf jghtltktyf yfbynthdfkt {85—{88 v. Dnjhfz pjyf (D),rjnjhu. jghtltkbkb gj htpukmnfnfvrfhjnf;ys[ bccktljdfybq, ghjdtltyys[d jnrhsnjv cndjkt, ghtlgjkj;bntkmyjyf[jlbncz yf bynthdfkt {67—{70 v.Rfhjnf; c ghb,jhjv RST gjrfpsdftn,xnj pjyf D cjlth;bn ,jkmit ufpf b djls,xtv pjyf F.

Gjckt jwtyrb lbfuhfvv rfhjnf;f djnrhsnjv cndjkt b nht[ rfhjnf;ys[bccktljdfybq C/O, rjvgfybz ARCOghbyzkf htitybt gthajhbhjdfnm pjyu D.Dyfxfkt ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnm cjcnfdkzkf159 v3 ytanb d cunrb ghb j,djlytyyjcnb75%. Pfntv xthtp ytcrjkmrj ytltkmghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnm cybpbkfcnm lj 32 v3

ytanb d cunrb ghb j,djlytyyjcnb, ghtds-if.otq 95%. Enj uvtymitybt gj,ulbkjrjvgfyb. ARCO ghjcnhtkznm pjyu F,dtlz lj,sxu jlyjdhtvtyyj c hfytt ghj-cnhtkzyys[ bynthdfkjd. Ghjbpdjlbntkm-yjcnm d chtlytv udtkbxbkfcm lj 95 v3

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Hbc. 4. J,yfhu;tybt pjy c wtkbrfvb ytanb. D gjbcrf[ ytanb rjvgfybz APKO ghjdtkfrfhjnf; c bcgjkmpjdfybtv nht[ ghb,jhjd C/O d pfrhsnjq crdf;byt d njv ;t cfvjvbynthdfkt. Yf ljhj;rt 1 pfgbcfys ufvvf-rfhjnf;, cjjnyjitybt gjrfpfybq cxtnxbrjd lkz ,kb;ytuj b lfkmytuj ltntrnjhf (CRRA) b j,]tvyjt cjlth;fybt ytanb d cndjkt crdf-;bys. Yf ljhj;rt 2 pfgbcfys rhbdst dtkbxby ytant- b ufpjyfcsotyyjcnb, gjkuxtyyst cgjvjom. ghb,jhjd RST. Yf ljhj;rt 3 pfgbcfys htpukmnfns fyfkbpf ;blrjcnb, gjkuxty-yst c bcgjkmpjdfybt ghb,jhf RST. Yf ljhj;rt 4 pfgbcfys htpukmnfns rfhjnf;f lkzjnrhsnjuj cndjkf.

Gj lfyysv RST pjyf F ds,hfyf lkz gthajhfwbb. Gj htpukmnfnfv bynthghtnfwbb rfhj-nf;f C/O (,tp RST) jghtltkbkb pjyu gthajhfwbb D, rjnjhfz gj lfyysv RST d jcyjdyjvdjljyfcsotyyf. Cyfxfkf ghjcnhtkzkb pjyu D, ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnm cjcnfdbkf 32 v3 dcunrb ghb j,djlytyyjcnb, ljcnbuitq xthtp ytcrjkmrj ytltkm 95%, d htpukmnfnt j,hfpjdf-ybz rjyucf j,djlytybz d pjyt gthajhfwbb. Gjckt gthajhfwbb d pjyt F, lj,sxf ytanbdjphjckf lj 95 v3 d cunrb, f j,djlytyyjcnm cjrhfnbkfcm lj 90%. Dcz djlf gjcnugfkf bppjys D.

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ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 43

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Hf,jxbt ht;bvsUybdthcfkmyjcnm ghb,jhf RST zdkztncztuj ukfdysv ghtbvuotcndjv. Ghb,jhhf,jnftn d nht[ ht;bvf[, gthtrk.xtybtvt;lu rjnjhsvb djpvj;yj d vfcinf,thtfkmyjuj dhtvtyb d ghjwtcct rfhjnf;f:

● ht;bv «ytughuubq pf[dfn»● ht;bv «pf[dfn cbuvf»● ht;bv «cbuvf»

D ghjwtcct ht;bvf «ytughuubq pf[dfn»ghjbpdjlzn bpvthtybz C/O lkz jghtlt-ktybz dtkbxby yfcsotyyjcnb, rjulfcjktyjcnm gkfcnjdjq djls ytbpdtcnyf,ytgjcnjzyyf bkb ckbirjv ybprfz lkzrfhjnf;f TDT. Rhjvt rfhjnf;f C/O gjcktytqnhjyyjq gjcskrb htubcnhbhu.nczcgtrnhs ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, cjghjdj;lf.-otuj pf[dfn ntgkjds[ ytqnhjyjd. Gjektvtynysv ds[jlfv cgtrnhjd jghtlt-kz.n kbnjkjub., gjhbcnjcnm b rf;u-ou.cz vbythfkbpfwb. gkfcnjdjq djls.

D ht;bvt «ytughuubq pf[dfn» rf;lsqwbrk drk.xftn d ct,z jlyu ytqnhjyyu.gjcskru b nhb dhtvtyys[ jryf lkz bpvt-htybz cgtrnhjd (hbc. 5). Gthdjt jryjjghtltkztn cgtrnh j,otuj ufvvf-bpkuxt-ybz dj dhtvz ytqnhjyyjq gjcskrb, rjnj-hsq cjlth;bn rfr cgtrnh ytughuujujhfcctzybz, nfr b cgtrnh pf[dfnf. Dnjhjtjryj bpvthztn cgtrnh hfyytuj pf[dfnfgjckt jrjyxfybz ytqnhjyyjq gjcskrb,rjnjhsq bcgjkmputncz lkz dsxbnfybzajyf pf[dfnf bp ghtlsluotuj ytughuujujcgtrnhf, d htpukmnfnt xtuj gjkuxftnczxbcnsq ytughuubq cgtrnh. CjjnyjitybtC/O, gjkuxftvjt bp xbcnjuj ytughuujujcgtrnhf, bcgjkmpu.n lkz jghtltktybzyfcsotyyjcnb. Nhtnmt jryj bcgjkmputnczlkz bpvthtybz cgtrnhf pf[dfnf gjcktytqnhjyyjq gjcskrb lkz jghtltktybzkbnjkjubb gkfcnf. Yfghbvth, cjjnyjitybtrhtvybq/rfkmwbq bcgjkmpu.n lkz jnkbxbzcbkbrfnjd jn rfh,jyfnjd. Crjhjcnm rfhj-nf;f cjcnfdkztn 18—30 v/xfc.

Ht;bv «pf[dfn cbuvf»: enjn ht;bvbcgjkmputncz lkz jghtltktybz kbnjkjubbb ctxtybz pf[dfnf Σ pf jlby rfhjnf;ysqwbrk. Jlyjdhtvtyyj htubcnhbhu.nczcgtrnhs ufvvf-bpkuxtybz pf[dfnf bcrjhjcnm cxtnf j,otuj ufvvf-bpkuxtybzpf[dfnf. Gjektvtynyst ds[jls, pfht-ubcnhbhjdfyyst yf cgtrnhf[ pf[dfnf,jghtltkz.n kbnjkjub., gjhbcnjcnm brf;uou.cz cjktyjcnm djls, rfr b dht;bvt «ytughuubq pf[dfn». Gj htpukmnf-nfv bpvthtybz j,otq crjhjcnb cxtnfjghtltkz.n dtkbxbys Σ gkfcnf b cndjkfcrdf;bys. D jnkbxbt jn ht;bvf «ytughu-ubq pf[dfn» rf;lsq bpvthbntkmysq wbrkd ht;bvt «pf[dfn cbuvf» cjlth;bn ldtytqnhjyys[ bvgukmcys[ gjcskrb: rjhjn-ru. b lkbyyu.. Cuvvfhyjt rjkbxtcndjbvgukmcjd, yfcxbnfyyjt dj dhtvz b gjjrjyxfybb rjhjnrjq gjcskrb, bcgjkmpu.nlkz jghtltktybz Σ crdf;byyjuj ak.blf;cuvvfhyjt ;t xbckj bvgukmcjd, yfcxbnfy-yjt gjckt lkbyyjq gjcskrb, bcgjkmpu.n

lkz jghtltktybz dtkbxbys Σ gkfcnf.Crjhjcnm rfhjnf;f j,sxyj cjcnfdkztn180 v/xfc.

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BynthghtnfwbzGthtdjl cjjnyjitybq C/O d dtkbxbysyfcsotyyjcnb jcyjdsdftncz yf j,ibhyjq,fpt lfyys[, ghtlyfpyfxtyyjq lkz bpvtht-ybz ds[jlys[ cbuyfkjd ghb,jhf RST,htfubhu.otuj yf hfpkbxyst uckjdbz dcrdf;byt. Ghb,jhs RST-A b RST-B ,skbbcgjkmpjdfys d cfvs[ hfpyjj,hfpys[uckjdbz[ d kf,jhfnjhbb rjvgfybb Ik.v-,th;t gj rfkb,hjdrt ghb,jhjd c uxtnjvdkbzybz hfpkbxys[ uckjdbq d crdf;byt,

Hbc. 5. Bynthdfkshtubcnhfwbb d ht-;bvt «ytughuubqpf[dfn» lkz ghb-,jhf RST. Dhtvty-yjt jryj F htubcn-hbhutn ytughuubtcgtrnhs dj dhtvzbvgukmcyjq ytqn-hjyyjq gjcskrb.Jryf D b C htubcn-hbhu.n cgtrnhs gjjrjyxfybb gjcskrb.Xbcnsq ughuubqcgtrnh gjkuxf.nguntv dsxbnfybzljkb cgtrnhf hfy-ytuj pf[dfnf, pfvt-htyyjq d jryt D, jncgtrnhf, pfvthty-yjuj d jryt F.

44 çÂÙÚflÌÓ é·ÓÁpÂÌËÂ

d u. {m.cnjyt, in. Nt[fc, CIF. Lkzrf;ljq rjv,byfwbb kbnjkjubb, j,cflys[rjkjyy b wtvtynf ghjdjlbkb xtnsht bpvt-htybz cjjnyjitybq C/O lkz bccktljdfybzxtnsht[ cjxtnfybq ytanb b djls d crdf-;byt b gkfcnt: djlf-djlf, djlf-ytanm,ytanm-djlf b ytanm-ytanm. D htpukmnfnt,skf gjkuxtyf cfvfz ,jkmifz ,fpf lfy-ys[ lkz ghb,jhjd hflbjfrnbdyjuj rfhj-nf;f bp dct[ cuotcndu.ob[ d yfcnjz-ott dhtvz d ytantghjvsckjdjq jnhfckb.<skf nfr;t gjkuxtyf cfvfz ,jkmifz,fpf [fhfrnthbcnbxtcrb[ lfyys[ lkzht;bvf «pf[dfn cbuvf». Lkz hfpkbxys[rjv,byfwbq ghjwtynyjuj cjlth;fybzcjktq d gjhjlt b crdf;byt ,skj ghjdtltyjcdsit 1000 Σ-bpvthtybq c gjvjom.rf;ljuj ghb,jhf.

Lkz rfkb,hjdrb vjltkb cjjnyjitybzC/O (COR) lkz rfhjnf;f d rjyrhtnys[uckjdbz[ bcgjkmpu.n ,fpu lfyys[ C/O.Vjltkm COR rjhhtkbhutn cjjnyjitybzC/O c gjhbcnjcnm., ytantyfcsotyyjcnm.,kbnjkjubtq, gkjnyjcnm. ytanb, j,]tvysvcjlth;fybtv ytanb, lbfvtnhjv crdf;bys,dtcjv b lbfvtnhjv j,cflys[ nhu,. Gjcktrfkb,hjdrb vjltkm ghtj,hfpu.n lkzhtitybz pflfxb jghtltktybz j,]tvjdak.bljd,5 f pfntv enb dtkbxbys unjx-yz.ncz c ghbvtytybtv gthdbxyjq j,hf,jn-rb, ghtlcnfdktyyjq yb;t. Gjckt enjujdtkbxbys j,]tvf ytanb ghtj,hfpu.nczd dtkbxbys yfcsotyyjcnb.

Gthdbxysq fyfkbp htpukmnfnjd: cjgjcnfd-ktybt vtnjlf jrjy b vtnjlf gjektvtynyjujds[jlfNhflbwbjyysq gjl[jl rjvgfybb Ik.v-,th;t r j,hf,jnrt rfhjnf;ys[ lfyys[,gjkuxtyys[ vtnjljv C/O — vtnjlC/Ods[jl — pfrk.xftncz d njv, xnj,sjghtltkbnm gjektvtynysq ds[jl uukthjlfb rbckjhjlf gj ytughuujvu cgtrnhu, fpfntv gj b[ cjjnyjityb. jghtltkbnmj,]tv ytanb, f gjckt enjuj b yfcsoty-yjcnm. Vtnjl C/Ods[jl [fhfrnthbputncz[jhjitq njxyjcnm. b gjyb;tyyjq c[jlb-vjcnm..6 Vtnjljv kturj gjkmpjdfnmczb ghjbpdjlbnm c tuj gjvjom. bynthght-nfwb..

Jlyfrj, dcktlcndbt njuj, xnj drkfluukthjlf d j,obq cgtrnh jnyjcbntkmyjytdtkbr, gjkuxtybt ljcnjdthys[ cnfnbcnb-xtcrb[ lfyys[ nht,utn ljkujuj dhtvtybpfvthf bkb ghjdtltybz rfhjnf;f yfybprb[ crjhjcnz[. Lkz njuj, xnj,s cjrhf-nbnm dhtvz bpvthtybq, yt ;thnduz c[jlb-vjcnm., ,sk ghbyzn gjl[jl «jrjy». Jryf

ghtlcnfdkz.n cj,jq xfcnb cgtrnhf,gjldth;tyyst yfb,jkmitvu dkbzyb.bpvtytybq cjjnyjitybz uukthjlf brbckjhjlf b d yfbvtymitq cntgtybdkbzyb. bpvtytybq cjcnfdf lhuub[ektvtynjd (hbc. 6). Cjjnyjitybt gjrfpf-ybq cxtnxbrf ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, cjjndtncn-du.ob[ «jryu uukthjlf» b «jryu rbckj-hjlf» bcgjkmpu.n lkz ,jktt njxyjujjghtltktybz dtkbxbys yfcsotyyjcnb.

Vtnjl C/Ojryf [fhfrnthbputncz [jhjitqc[jlbvjcnm. b gjyb;tyyjq njxyjcnm..Jy ukuxiftn ljcnjdthyjcnm cnfnbcnbrbbpvthtybq, nfr rfr j,obq cxtn d jryf[dscjrbq. Jlyfrj, bynthghtnfwbz ghjdj-lbncz c ,jkmibvb nhulyjcnzvb. Yfghb-vth, d xbcnjv j,djlytyyjv gtcrt bcrdf;byt, pfgjkytyyjq djljq, cjjnyj-itybt C/Ods[jl ,ultn hfdyj yuk., fcjjnyjitybt C/Ojryf yuk. yt hfdyztncz.Cjjnyjitybt, gjkuxtyyjt vtnjljv«jrjy», ytj,[jlbvj rfkb,hjdfnm, bcgjkm-puz cjjnyjitybz, bpvthtyyst ghb bpdtcn-ys[ uckjdbz[. D bltfkmyjv ckuxft ghb,jhC/O ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb vtnjlf jrjy,cyfxfkf bcgsnsdf.n d djljyjcyjq pjytc wtkm. jghtltktybz yuktdjq dtkbxbysuukthjlf, f pfntv d pjyt, lkz rjnjhjqbpdtcnyf dtkbxbyf ytantyfcsotyyjcnbc wtkm. jghtltktybz dnjhjq rfkb,hj-djxyjq njxrb.

Gthdbxysq fyfkbp lfyys[, gjkuxtyys[ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb ghb,jhf RST cjdvt-oftn njxyjcnm gjektvtynyjuj fyfkbpf c

uhjdytv c[jlbvjcnb vtnjlf jrjy ghbgjkuxtybb dtkbxby yfcsotyyjcnb pfvbybvfkmyjt dhtvz. Enj ghtlgjkfuftnbcgjkmpjdfybt j,jb[ vtnjljd — C/Ojryfb C/Ods[jl, lkz jghtltktybz rjkbxtcndfytanb (ghjbpdtltybt gjhbcnjcnb b ytant-yfcsotyyjcnb). Gjckt enjuj jghtlt-kztncz hfpybwf vt;lu j,]tvfvb ytanb,gjkuxtyysvb lduvb vtnjlfvb, rjnjhu.bcgjkmpu.n lkz rjhhtrnbhjdrb rjkbxtcndfytanb, jghtltktyyjq vtnjljv C/Ojryf.Nfrfz j,hf,jnrf, nfr;t byjulf yfps-dftvfz «fkmaf-j,hf,jnrjq», ghbvtyztnczvyjujrhfnyj lkz jghtltktyyjuj xbckfuhjdytq, bvtyutvjuj lkbyjq «fkmaf-abkmnhf».

Gkfybhjdfybt UBC c bcgjkmpjdfybtv RSTGhb hf,jnt c hflbjfrnbdysvb ghb,jhfvb,nbgf RST nofntkmyfz gjlujnjdrf vj;tnpyfxbntkmyj gjdkbznm yf c[jlbvjcnmlfyys[ b cnjbvjcnm rjytxyjuj htpukmnfnf.Lkz njuj, xnj,s j,ktuxbnm gkfybhjdfybthf,jn c RST, lkz jghtltktybz crjhjcnbrfhjnf;f b xbckf ghj[jljd, ytj,[jlbvs[lkz gjkuxtybz htpukmnfnjd d cjjndtncndbbc nht,jdfybzvb pfrfpxbrf, bcgjkmpu.nghjuhfvvyjt j,tcgtxtybt RST Job Planner.Dthcbb enjuj ghjuhfvvyjuj j,tcgtxtybz(GJ) vjuun hf,jnfnm yf rjvgm.nthf[nbgf VAX d wtynht bynthghtnfwbb ghjvsc-kjds[ lfyys[ UBC (FLIC) bkb yf rjvgm.-nthf[ cbcntvs Vfrbynji. Dthcbz GJlkz cbcntvs Vfrbynji vj;tn ,snmghtljcnfdktyf pfrfpxbrfv. GJ RST JobPlanner nht,utn ddtltybt hzlf d[jlys[gfhfvtnhjd, d n.x. nbg ghb,jhf, kbnjkjubz,gjhbcnjcnm, gkjnyjcnm ytanb (bpdtcnyfzgjl yfpdfybtv «dtkbxbyf gkjnyjcnbuukthjlf» — CDV), dtc b lbfvtnh j,cfl-ys[ nhu,, lbfvtnh cndjkf crdf;bys,xbckj uhjdytq «fkmaf-j,hf,jnrb», f

Hbc. 6. Ytughuubt cgtrnhs, bpvthtyystlfkmybv ltntrnjhjv RST d htpthdufhf[ cytanm. b djljq. Pfntvytyyst pjysjpyfxf.n jryf cxtnf uukthjlf b rbckj-hjlf, bcgjkmputvst lkz ukuxitybzhtpukmnfnjd bpvthtybz.

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5. Œ·˙ÂÏ ÌÂÙÚË Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ΡÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ Ó·˙ÂÏ Ô·ÒÚ‡,Á‡ÌËχÂÏ˚È ÌÂÙÚ¸˛. ŒÌ ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚‡ÊÂÌÍ‡Í ÔÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ÔÓËÒÚÓÒÚË Ë ÌÂÙÚÂ̇Ò˚˘ÂÌ-ÌÓÒÚË.

6. “Ó˜ÌÓÒÚ¸ ı‡‡ÍÚÂËÁÛÂÚ ÔË·ÎËÊÂÌË ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌÓÈ‚ ıӉ ËÁÏÂÂÌËÈ Ò‰ÌÂÈ ‚Â΢ËÌ˚ Í ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ë-ÚÂθÌÓÈ ‚Â΢ËÌÂ. Õ‡ÔËÏÂ, ÒÔˉÓÏÂÚ, ÍÓÚÓ˚È‚Ò„‰‡ ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸ 16 ÍÏ ‚ ˜‡Ò, ÌÂÚÓ˜ÂÌ,ÍÓ„‰‡ ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸ ‡‚ÚÓÏÓ·ËΡ 101 ÍÏ ‚ ˜‡Ò, Ë ÚÓ˜ÂÌ,ÍÓ„‰‡ ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸ ‡‚ÚÓÏÓ·ËΡ 16 ÍÏ ‚ ˜‡Ò. —ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ÓÁ̇˜‡ÂÚ ‡Á·ÓÒ (ÓÚÍÎÓÌÂÌËÂ)ÓÚ‰ÂθÌ˚ı ÔÓ͇Á‡ÌËÈ ÓÚ Ò‰ÌÂÈ ‚Â΢ËÌ˚ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌÓ„Ó Ô‡‡ÏÂÚ‡. œÂˆËÁËÓÌ̇ˇ ËÁÏÂË-ÚÂθ̇ˇ ÒËÒÚÂχ ÔÓÁ‚ÓΡÂÚ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Ú¸ ÂÁÛÎ Ú‡Ú˚ËÁÏÂÂÌËÈ Ò Ó˜Â̸ Ì·Óθ¯ËÏ ‡Á·ÓÒÓÏ. —ÎÓχÌÌ˚È ÒÔˉÓÏÂÚ ÏÓÊÌÓ Ò˜ËÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ÂҸχÔˆËÁËÓÌÌ˚Ï, Ú‡Í Í‡Í ÓÌ ‚Ò„‰‡ ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ16 ÍÏ ‚ ˜‡Ò.

(ghjljk;tybt cv. cnh. 47)

ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 45

Nht,jdfybz r [jhjitvu rhbcnfkkuLfnxbrb yfpsdf.n cwbynbkkzwbjyysvbgjnjvu, xnj jyb bcgucrf.n dcgsirb cdtnf(,jktt gjlhj,yj d hfpltkt «Jcyjds ufvvf-cgtrnhjvtnhbb», cnh. 48).1 Lkz rfhjnf;ys[bccktljdfybq yu;ty rhbcnfkk, cdjqcndfrjnjhjuj vfrcbvfkmyj ucbkbdf.n byntycbd-yjcnm dcgsitr cdtnf b xbckj bvgukmcjd.2Rhjvt njuj rhbcnfkks ljk;ys ,snm ghjxys-vb, ulfhjghjxysvb b dkfujcnjqrbvb.

Rhbcnfkk ,jkmijq gkjnyjcnb b c dscjrbvfnjvysv yjvthjv j,tcgtxbdftn ,jkmiu.djpvj;yjcnm lkz dpfbvjltqcndbz c ufvvf-bpkuxtybtv b vfrcbvfkmyjt xbckj bvgukmcjd.Rhbcnfkk ,jkmituj hfpvthf djcghbybvftn,jkmijq j,]tv ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, ntv cfvsvudtkbxbdfz xbckj bvgukmcjd. Uvtymiftncznfr;t dthjznyjcnm njuj, xnj ufvvf-bpkuxtybtyt gjgflftn yf rhbcnfkk gjckt jlyjuj bkbldu[ wbrkjd hfcctzybz.

Dscjrfz byntycbdyjcnm cdtnjdjq dcgsirbutythbhutn dscjrjt yfghz;tybt, rjnjhjtkturj pfvthbnm, xnj ukuxiftn hfphtif.ou.cgjcj,yjcnm b ,kfujlfhz xtvu lfnxbr cnfyj-dbncz ,jktt xudcndbntkmysv r ybprjeythutnb-xtcrjvu ufvvf-bpkuxtyb.. D ghbywbgt, tckbenj djpvj;yj, byntycbdyjcnm b ghjljk;bntkm-yjcnm cdtnjdjq dcgsirb yt ljk;ys pfdbctnmjn ntvgthfnuhys[ bpvtytybq. Enj ucnhfyztnytj,[jlbvjcnm d crdf;byyjv j,jhuljdfybblkz htuukbhjdrb ntvgthfnuhs.

Rfhjnf; C/O, rfr b bvgukmcysq ytqnhjy-ysq rfhjnf; c htubcnhfwbtq cgflf (TDT),gjldthuftn rhbcnfkk djpltqcndb. vuyjdty-ys[ dscjrjbyntycbdys[ gjnjrjd ufvvf-bpkuxtybz d ghjwtcct ds,hjcf ytqnhjyjd bkbchfpu ;t gjckt ytuj. Ghjljk;bntkmyjcnmcdtnjds[ dcgsitr ljk;yf ,snm ljcnfnjxyjrjhjnrjq lkz njuj, xnj,s bp,t;fnm yfkj;tybzdcgsitr jlyjq yf lhuuu., xnj bcrf;ftnfvgkbnuls bvgukmcjd b crjhjcnb cxtnf.

Gjckt utythbhjdfybz cdtnjdjq dcgsirbpflfxf cjcnjbn d njv, xnj,s j,tcgtxbnmvfrcbvfkmyjt gjgflfybt cdtnf yf nhu,ruajnjuvyj;bntkz (NAU). Lkz ghtljndhfotybzdyunhtyytq f,cjh,wbb cdtnf rhbcnfkk ljk;ty,snm ghjphfxty r cdtnu, rjnjhsq jyutythbhutn. Ddblu njuj, xnj cdtn, utythbhut-vsq rhbcnfkkjv, ljk;ty d rjytxyjv bnjutghjqnb xthtp jryj NAU, gjrfpfntkb ghtkjv-ktybz rhbcnfkkf b jryf ljk;ys ,snm c[jlyslkz vfrcbvfkmyjuj ghj[j;ltybz.

Ajnjrfnjl NAU ljk;ty ,snm dtcmvfxudcndbntkty r lkbyt djkys cdtnf, bcgucrft-vjuj rhbcnfkkjv, lkz j,tcgtxtybz vfrcb-vfkmyj djpvj;yjuj xbckf ds,hfcsdftvs[ajnjektrnhjyjd.

Yjdst ltntrnjhsGjxnb d ntxtybt 45 ktn lkz wtktq hflbj-bpjnjgyjuj rfhjnf;f lkz j,yfhu;tybz ufvvf-bpkuxtybz bcgjkmpjdfkb bjlbcnsq rfkbq cghbcflrjq nfkkbz (NaI). Tuj ibhjrj ghbvt-yz.n lkz jghtltktybz gkjnyjcnb gjhjl gkfcnfb [bvbxtcrjuj cjcnfdf, cjktyjcnb (xthtpj,cflyu. rjkjyyu) b vbythfkjubxtcrjujcjcnfdf. NaI bvttn ghtdjc[jlyu. bynty-cbdyjcnm cdtnjdjq dcgsirb b ntvgthfnuhyu.cnf,bkmyjcnm. {jnz yjdst rhbcnfkks gjcdjbv rfxtcndfv b yt ghtdjc[jlzn rhbcnfkkNaI, jyb dct ;t bvt.n ,jkmiu. byntycbdyjcnmbpkuxtybz, ,jkmiu. ghjxyjcnm, vtytt xudcndb-ntkmys r dkf;yjcnb b bvt.n ,jktt dscjru.crjhjcnm cxtnf bvgukmcjd, ghtljndhfofz b[yfkj;tybt lhuu yf lhuuf (nf,k. 1 «Chfdytybtcwbynbkkzwbjyys[ rhbcnfkkjd»).

Uthvfyfn dbcvunf (BGO) cnfk ljcnugtyd yfxfkt 1970-[ ujljd. Jy [fhfrnthbputncz,jktt dscjrjq crjhjcnm. cxtnf, xtv NaI,xnj j,tcgtxbdftn ,jktt dscjru. njxyjcnm(nf,k. 2). Ghbvtytybt enjuj rhbcnfkkf dpjylt tcntcndtyyjq ufvvf-cgtrnhjvtnhbb

lkz fuhtccbdyjq chtls (HNGS) udtkbxbdftncrjhjcnm rfhjnf;f b gjdsiftn cnfnbcnb-xtcru. c[jlbvjcnm ghb jwtyrt njhbz, uhfyfb rfkbz. Rhbcnfkk BGO, ,kfujlfhz tujdscjrjq eaatrnbdyjcnb, bcgjkmpu.n nfr;td cgtrnhjvtnht yfdtltyys[ ytqnhjyjdlbfvtnhjv 3-3/8 l.qvf.3 D wtkjv, ,jkttdscjrfz crjhjcnm cdtnf b kuxitt cjjnyjitybtvt;lu gbrjdjq dtkbxbyjq cgtrnhf b dtkbxbyjqrjvgnjyjdcrjuj hfcctzybz ,jktt xtvrjvgtycbhu.n jcyjdyjq ytljcnfnjr rhbcnfkkfBGO — ybprjt hfphtitybt. Rhbcnfkks GSOb BGO j,tcgtxbdf.n ,jktt dscjru. njxyjcnm,xtv rhbcnfkks NaI fyfkjubxyjuj hfpvthfghb jwtyrt rjywtynhfwbq ektvtynjd gjcgtrnhfv ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, yfdtltyyjujytqnhjyfvb. Jlyfrj, ybprfz xudcndbntkmyjcnmrhbcnfkkf BGO r ntvgthfnuht j,uckfdkbdftnbcgjkmpjdfybt cjculf Lm.fhf. Ghb ghbvt-ytybb rhbcnfkkf BGO vjuun nfr;t djpybrfnmghj,ktvs yfkj;tybz bvgukmcjd.

Ghb,jh RST, gthdsq ghjvsiktyysqrfhjnf;ysq bycnhuvtyn, d rjnjhjv bcgjkmpj-dfkcz rhbcnfkk GSO, hfphf,jnfyysq rjvgf-ybtq {bnfxb Rtvbrk Rj. Knl. d yfxfkt1980-[ ujljd.4 Dscjrfz gkjnyjcnm b dscjrbq

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Ghbvtytybt ghb,jhf RST xthtp YRN ,skj ,s ytdjpvj;yj ,tp cwbynbkkzwbjyyjuj rhbcnfkkf, bpdtcnyjujgjl yfpdfybtv jrcbjhnjcbkbrfn ufljkbybz c ghbcflrjq wthbz (GSO) — jlyjuj bp ytcrjkmrb[ yjds[rhbcnfkkjd, ghbvtyztvs[ d yfcnjzott dhtvz d ytanzyjq jnhfckb. Hfphf,jnrf nfrb[ rhbcnfkkjd lkzcrdf;byys[ lfnxbrjd nht,utn cjxtnfybz pyfybz zlthyjq abpbrb b ckj;ys[ vtnjljd dshfobdfybzrhbcnfkkjd.

1. K ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËË ÔÓ ÒˆËÌÚËΡˆËÓÌÌÓÈ ÒÔÂÍÚÓ-ÏÂÚËË:Knoll GF: Radiation Detection and Measurement.New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons,1989.Birks JB and Fry D: The Theory and Practice ofScintillation Counting. London, England: PergamonPress, 1964.

2. Melcher CL, Schweitzer JS, Manente RA andPeterson CA: “Applications of Single Crystals in OilWell Logging,” Journal of Crystal Growth 109(1991): 37-42.

3. Jacobson LA, Beals R, Wyatt, DF Jr and Hrametz A:“Response Characterization of an Induced GammaSpectrometry Tool Using a Bismuth GermanateScintillator,” Transactions of the SPWLA 32ndAnnual Logging Symposium, Midland, Texas, USA,June 16-19, 1991, paper LL.

1. Hfphtif.ofz cgjcj,yjcnm gj eythubb j,jpyfxftn ,jktt ibhjrj ghbvtyztvjt gjyznbt ibhbys cgtrnhfkmyjuj ktgtcnrf, cjjndtncndu.otqgjkjdbyt vfrcbvuvf, lkz vfrcbvfkmyjuj ufvvf-bpkuxtybz Wtpbz137 ghb 662 reD. Htprj dshf;tyyst vfrcbvuvs cgtrnhf urfpsdf.n yf [jhjiu. hfphtif.ou. cgjcj,yjcnm.

2. Dhtvz pfnu[fybz, gjcnjzyyfz dhtvtyb ercgjytywbfkmyjuj pfnu[fybz cdtnjdjq dcgsirb. Ghtlgjxnbntkmytt vtymibt dtkbxbys pfnu[fybz.

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fnjvysq yjvth rhbcnfkkf GSO gjpdjkz.nbpujnjdbnm pjyl vtymituj lbfvtnhf, xtvghb ghbvtytybb NaI b, cktljdfntkmyj, ghb,jhvtymituj lbfvtnhf (hbc. 7).5 Dscjrfz gkjn-yjcnm ukuxiftn nfr;t cgjcj,yjcnm rhbcnfkkfj,yfhu;bdfnm ufvvf-bpkuxtybt, jcj,tyyjdscjrjeythutnbxtcrjt.

Rhbcnfkk GSO bvttn gjxnb nfrjq ;trjeaabwbtyn j,yfhu;tybz, xnj b rhbcnfkkBGO, b vj;tn hf,jnfnm ghb ,jktt dscjrb[ntvgthfnuhf[ ,tp uhjvjplrjuj cjculf Lm.fhf.Dj dhtvz ds,hjcf ytqnhjyjd yfkj;tybtcbuyfkjd yf,k.lftncz d pyfxbntkmyj vtymitqcntgtyb. Dcktlcndbb njuj, xnj GSO bpkuxftnvtymit cdtnf xtv NaI, d ghb,jht RST ghbvt-yz.n xudcndbntkmysq NAU yjdjq rjycnhur-wbb.

Yjdsq cwbynbkkzwbjyysq ghb,jh ,skhfphf,jnfy ldf ujlf yfpfl uxtysvb yfuxyj-bccktljdfntkmcrjuj wtynhf Ljkk rjvgfybbIk.v,th;t, u. Hbl;abkl, in. Rjyytrnbrun,CIF. Jyb j,yfhu;bkb, xnj rhbcnfkk, bpuj-njdktyysq bp jrcbjhnjcbkbrfnf k.ntwbz cghbcflrjq wthbz (LSO), gjlj,ysq rhbcnfkkuGSO, vj;tn jrfpfnmcz kuxibv uybdth-cfkmysv cwbynbkkznjhjv.6 Ytcvjnhz yf nj,xnj enjn cwbynbkkznjh dct tot yf[jlbnczyf cnflbb hfphf,jnrb, jy cjxtnftn d ct,tdscjru. crjhjcnm cxtnf c dscjrjq byntycbd-yjcnm. cdtnjdjq dcgsirb, gjxnb hfdyjqlfyyjq [fhfrnthbcnbrt NaI b d gznm hfpghtdsif.otq enjn gfhfvtnh ghb,jhf BGO.Jy dkfujucnjqxbd, ghjxty, vj;tn hf,jnfnm,tp yfkj;tybz bvgukmcjd b yf ,jktt dscjrb[crjhjcnz[, xtv lhuubt cwbynbkkznjhs,gkfybhutvst lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d crdf;byf[.Cdtn, utythbhutvsq rhbcnfkkjv LSO,fyfkjubxysq gj lkbyt djkys rhbcnfkku NaI,[jhjij hf,jnftn c cuotcndu.obvb vfnthbf-kfvb lkz ajnjrfnjljd.

Rjyruhtywbz vt;lu rhbcnfkkfvb yfhuiftnvjyjgjkb. NaI, cuotcndjdfdiu. ,jkttcjhjrf ktn, [jnz cnjbn enj ytltitdj. Ldfcwbynbkkznjhf GSO, ucnfyjdktyyst d ghb,jhtRST, cnjzn d yfcnjzott dhtvz jrjkj 10 nsc.ljkk. CIF.

J;blftncz, xnj hfcibhz.obqcz hsyjr,ultn cgjcj,cndjdfnm ukuxityb. rfxtcndfbpujnjdktybz b cyb;tyb. wty. Enb yjdstcwbynbkkznjhs crjhtt dctuj yfqlun ,jktt

ibhjrjt ghbvtytybt d cuotcndu.otq j,kfcnbbcgjkmpjdfybz rhbcnfkkf NaI. Yfuxystbccktljdfybz b hfphf,jnrb d j,kfcnbrhbcnfkkjd ghjljk;f.ncz, b vs dghfdtj;blfnm gjzdktybt yjds[ rhbcnfkkjd,j,kflf.ob[ jcj,svb cdjqcndfvb yfhzlu chzljv u;t cuotcndu.ob[ ytj,sxys[rhbcnfkkjd. —LN, NFK

Cnfnbcnbxtcrbq hfp,hjc gj ektvtynfv

BGO NaI

Th 2,82xfcn. yf vky.

4,63xfcn. yf vky.

U1,51

xfcn. yf vky.2,61

xfcn. yf vky.

K 0,51% 0,74%

Chfdytybt [fhfrnthbcnbr rhbcnfkkjd NaI b BGO

Hbc. 7. Chfdytybtrhbcnfkkf GSO,ghbvtyztvjuj dghb,jht RST, b ,jkttrhugyjuj rhbcnfkkfNaI, ghbvtyztvjuj dghb,jht GST. <jkttdscjrfz gkjnyjcnm b,jktt dscjrbq fnjv-ysq yjvth rhbcnfk-kf GSO gjpdjkz.nbcgjkmpjdfnm tuj dghb,jht RST vtym-ituj lbfvtnhf.

4. Takagi K and Fukazawa T: “Cerium-activatedGD2SiO5 Single Crystal Scintillator,” AppliedPhysics Letters 42 (1983): 43-45.

5. Melcher CL, Schweitzer JS, Utsu R and Akiyama S:“Scintillation Properties of GSO,” IEEETransactions of Nuclear Science 37, no. 2 (April1990): 161-164.

6. Melcher CL and Schweitzer JS: “A Promising NewScintillator: Cerium-Doped LutetiumOxyorthosilicate,” Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research A 314 (1992): 212-214.

Ghtbvuotcndj cnfnbcnbxtcrb[gjrfpfntktq lkz rhbcnfkkf BGO d wba-hf[. Cnfnbcnbxtcrbq hfp,hjc lkz njhbz(Th), uhfyf (U) b rfkbz (K) ghtlcnfdktyslkz ckuxfz jlyjctruylys[ yfrjgktybq denfkjyys[ ukbyf[. Chtlytrdflhfnystjnrkjytybz j;blftvs[ rjywtynhfwbq Th,U b K uvtymif.ncz yf 30—40% d ckuxftbcgjkmpjdfybz ltntrnjhf BGO dvtcnjltntrnjhf NaI.

Th =12 xfcn. yf vky., U = 6 xfcn. yf vky., R = 2%

Nf,kbwf 2

ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 47

Lbfvtnh crdf;bys:

Lbfv. j,cflyjq r-ys:

Dtc j,cflyjq r-ys:

Gkjnyjcnm ytanb (CDV):

Ntvgthfnuhf:

Ch. lkbyf «fkmaf j,h-nrb»:

Chtlyzz uku,byf:

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25

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18,6 v/xfc

51 v/xfc

90 v/xfc

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13 v/xfc

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A

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Ds[jlyst lfyyst yf hbc. 8 drk.xf.nlkbntkmyjcnm pfvthjd b crjhjcnm rfhjnf-;f ghb ldu[ uhjdyz[ ljcnjdthyjcnb (68b 95%).7 Enj gjpdjkztn pfrfpxbru cjgjcnf-dbnm cntgtym c[jlbvjcnb lfyys[ cj cnjb-vjcnm. rfhjnf;f. Lkz gjkuxtybz kuxitqc[jlbvjcnb rfhjnf; ytj,[jlbvj dtcnbyf ,jktt ybprb[ crjhjcnz[. Jlyfrj, cfvfzdscjrfz crjhjcnm rfhjnf;f jrfpsdftnczyt dctulf htynf,tkmyjq lkz rkbtynf.Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj rfhjnf; c ghb,j-hjv RST-B j,sxyj dtltncz d ldf hfpfvtlktyytt, xtv c ghb,jhjv RST-A, ghbbcgjkmpjdfybb gthdjuj vj;yj cjrhfnbnmdhtvz pfrhsnbz crdf;bys b bp,t;fnmghj,ktv c gjdnjhysv dnjh;tybtv crdf-;byys[ ak.bljd.

<uluott ghb,jhf RSTDcktlcndbt njuj, xnj gj njxyjcnb, c[jlb-vjcnb b uybdthcfkmyjcnb jgthfnbdyjujrjynhjkz pf dtkbxbyfvb yfcsotyyjcnbghb,jh RST yt bvttn ct,t hfdys[, cathftuj ghbvtytybz d ytantlj,sdf.otqghjvsiktyyjcnb gjcnjzyyj hfcibhztncz.Cjdctv ytlfdyj c tuj bcgjkmpjdfybtv,skb ghjdtltys bpvthtybz j,]tvyjujcjlth;fybz ytanb d ujhbpjynfkmys[crdf;byf[ b xthtp YRN. Dtkbxbyf bpvt-htybz gjhbcnjcnb, gjkuxftvfz gj cjjnyj-ityb. crjhjcnb cxtnxbrf yf ,kb;ytv blfkmytv ltntrnjhf[, dcrjht ,ultn bcgjkm-pjdfnmcz d ht;bvt cbuvf. D yfcnjzottdhtvz hfphf,fnsdftncz GJ, rjnjhjtj,tcgtxbn gthtdjl lfyys[ UBC, ghjdjlb-vs[ c ghbvtytybtv ghb,jhjd RST b TDT,xnj udtkbxbn wtyyjcnm lfyys[ ghb,jhfRST lkz jgthfnbdyjuj rjynhjkz pf dtkbxb-yfvb Σ. Rhjvt njuj, d yfcnjzott dhtvzbccktlutncz ghbvtytybt ghb,jhf RSTlkz jghtltktybz ufpjyfcsotyyjcnb.Urfpfyyst ghjtrns, f nfr;t ercgthbvty-nfkmyjt ghbvtytybt ghb,jhf RST ghjvsc-kjdsvb by;tythfvb-yjdfnjhfvb b rkbty-nfvb d crdf;byf[ c ytbpdtcnysvb [fhfrnt-hbcnbrfvb gjpdjkz.n yfltznmcz yf ,jkm-ijt ,uluott enjuj yjdtqituj ghb,jhfd catht j,tcgtxtybz jgthfnbdyjuj rjynhj-kz pf dtkbxbyfvb yfcsotyyjcnb. —NFK

7. —ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ± Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó Òڇ̉‡ÚÌÓ„Ó ÓÚÍÎÓÌÂÌˡÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ‰ÓÒÚÓ‚ÂÌÓÒÚË 68%, ± ‰‚ÛıÒڇ̉‡ÚÌ˚ı ÓÚÍÎÓÌÂÌËÈ ó ‰ÓÒÚÓ‚ÂÌÓÒÚË 98%Ë ± ÚÂı Òڇ̉‡ÚÌ˚ı ÓÚÍÎÓÌÂÌËÈ ó ‰ÓÒÚÓ‚ÂÌÓÒÚË99,9%.

Hbc. 8. Ghjuhfvvyjt j,tcgtxtybt RST Job Planner ghtlyfpyfxtyj lkz gkfybhjdfybzhf,jns c bcgjkmpjdfybtv RST yf rjvgm.ntht cbcntvs Vfrbynji. By;tyth-ghjvsckjdbrbkb pfrfpxbr urfpsdftn vyjujxbcktyyst d[jlyst gfhfvtnhs, drk.xfz nbg ghb,jhf RST,[fhfrnth kbnjkjubb, c[jlbvjcnm jwtyrb yfcsotyyjcnb, uhjdtym «fkmaf-j,hf,jnrb»,ytj,[jlbvst lkz hfcxtnf cjjndtncndu.ob[ crjhjcntq rfhjnf;f ghb ghbvtytybb ghb,jhfRST. CDV j,jpyfxftn gkjnyjcnm ytanb. Crjhjcnm rfhjnf;f jghtltkz.n lkz ldu[uhjdytq ljcnjdthyjcnb (68 b 95%). Bcgjkmpjdfybt «fkmaf-j,hf,jnrb» udtkbxbdftncrjhjcnm rfhjnf;f pf cxtn ukuxitybz rfxtcndf cnfnbcnbxtcrb[ lfyys[.

48 çÂÙÚflÌÓ é·ÓÁpÂÌËÂ

Bccktljdfybt yfdtltyyjuj ufvvf-bpkuxtybz yfxbyftncz c utythfwbbytqnhjyjd. Ghb,jh RST, rfr b tujghtlitcndtyybrb, gjkmputncz crdf-;byysv ucrjhbntktv lkz bcgucrfybzdscjrjeythutnbxtcrb[ bvgukmcjdytqnhjyjd d gkfcn. Enj ucnhjqcndjcjplftn ytqnhjys c uhjdytv eythubb14 VeD, rjnjhst ucrjhz.n bjysltqnthbz, ,jv,fhlbhu.obt vbitymbp nhbnbz.

D ghjwtcct ytughuujuj hfcctzybzytqnhjy jncrfrbdftn jn ,jv,fhlbhut-vjuj zlhf, djp,u;lftn tuj, b jyjbcgucrftn nfr yfpsdftvjt ytughuujtufvvf-bpkuxtybt. Gj htpukmnfnfvpfvthf eythubb ufvvf-bpkuxtybz (gjytughuujvu hfcctzyb. ytqnhjyjd)gjkuxf.n jnyjcbntkmyst rjywtynhf-wbb uukthjlf b rbckjhjlf, gj rjnj-hsv jghtltkz.n djljyfcsotyyjcnm.

D jcyjdyjv ytqnhjys dpfbvjltqcn-du.n c zlhfvb ektvtynjd d gkfcntnhtvz cgjcj,fvb:

D ghjwtcct ughuujuj hfcctzybzytqnhjy jncrfrbdftn jn ,jv,fhlbhut-vjuj zlhf, yt djp,u;lfz b yt ltcnf,b-kbpbhuz tuj. Ghb rf;ljv ughuujvdpfbvjltqcndbb ytqnhjy nthztneythub.. Djljhjl, vfccf zlhf rjnj-hjuj hfdyf vfcct ytqnhjyf, [jhjijpfvtlkztn ytqnhjys. Gj pfvtlktyb.ytqnhjyjd d gkfcnt culzn j cjlth;f-ybb djljhjlf. Nfr rfr djljhjl djcyjdyjv cjlth;bncz d gjhjds[ak.blf[, nj pfvtlktybt ytqnhjyjdurfpsdftn yf gjhbcnjcnm.

Ghb f,cjh,wbb ytqnhjyjd zlhj gjukjoftn ytqnhjy b djp,u;lftncz,j,sxyj bcgucrfz ufvvf-bpkuxtybt pf[dfnf. F,cjh,wbz ytqnhjyjdbkb pf[dfn ytqnhjyjd, j,sxyj ghjbc[jlbn gjckt pfvtlktybz ytqnhjyjdughuubv b ytughuubv dpfbvjltqcndbtv lj ntgkjds[ eythubq dtkbxbyjqjrjkj 0,025 eD. Gj htpukmnfnfv bpvthtybz eythubb ufvvf-bpkuxtybzpf[dfnf jghtltkztncz cjlth;fybt ektvtynjd, rjnjhst vjuun c ,jkmijqdthjznyjcnm. pf[dfnbnm ytqnhjy: rhtvybq, rfkmwbq, [kjh, djljhjl,cthf, ;tktpj, nbnfy b ufljkbybq.

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Hfpkbxyst eaatrns b bpvthtybz, cdzpfyyst cj cgtrnhjvtnhbtq ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, vjuun gjrfpfnmcz xthtcxuh ckj;ysvblkz ytcgtwbfkbcnjd gj hflbjfrnbdyjvu rfhjnf;u. Ghjot ujdjhz, ufvvf-cgtrnhjvtnhbz bpvthztn ufvvf-bpkuxtybt(xbckj bvgukmcjd) dj dhtvtyb b tuj eythub.. Ytrjnjhst ektvtyns bcgucrf.n ufvvf-bpkuxtybt tcntcndtyysv j,hfpjv,lhuubt ;t lkz yfdtltybz ufvvf-bpkuxtybz ghb[jlbncz ,jv,fhlbhjdfnm ytqnhjyfvb. Lkz rf;ljuj ektvtynf cuotcndutncdjt [fhfrnthyjt ufvvf-bpkuxtybt c jghtltktyyjq eythubtq. <jktt njuj, ghjluwbhutvjt [fhfrnthyjt ufvvf-bpkuxtybtghjgjhwbjyfkmyj cjlth;fyb. ektvtynf. Byntycbdyjcnm tcntcndtyyjuj b yfdtltyyjuj ufvvf-bpkuxtybz vj;yj jghtltkbnmb jncjhnbhjdfnm d cjjndtncndbb c tuj eythubtq. D htpukmnfnt gjkuxf.n cgtrnh ufvvf-bpkuxtybz, rjnjhsq vj;yjj,hf,fnsdfnm bkb hfcibahjdsdfnm, jghtltkzz ektvtyns b b[ rjywtynhfwb..

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n

1

3

2

4

ŒÒÂ̸ 1996 49

Bcgjkmpjdfybt bvgukmcyjuj bcnjxyb-rf ytqnhjyjd b ltntrnjhjd c dhtvty-ysvb jryfvb htiftn ghj,ktvu hfpkb-xtybz ufvvf-bpkuxtybz gjxnb jlbyf-rjdjq eythubb jn ldu[ hfpys[ dpfb-vjltqcndbq. Ytughuujt ufvvf-bpku-xtybt djpybrftn d ghjwtcct ytqnhjy-yjq gjcskrb. Ufvvf-bpkuxtybt pf[df-nf bvttn vtcnj gjp;t, gjckt pfvtlkt-ybz ytqnhjyjd. D nbgbxyjv dhtvtyyjvwbrkt gthdsq pfvth ghjbc[jlbndj dhtvz ytqnhjyyjq gjcskrb, fgjcktlu.obt bpvthtybz gjp;t. Rfrbtdpfbvjltqcndbz b, cktljdfntkmyj,rfrbt ektvtyns ajhvbhu.n cgtrnhsbpkuxtybz, d jcyjdyjv pfdbcbn jngjcktljdfntkmyjcnb b ghjljk;bntkm-yjcnb ytqnhjyys[ bvgukmcys[ gjcs-kjr b ds,hfyys[ gthbjljd pfvthf.

Uvtymitybt byntycbdyjcnb ufvvf-bpkuxtybz dj dhtvtyb gj htpukmnfnfvbpvthtybz ytqnhjyysv ghb,jhjvghjgjhwbjyfkmyj crjhjcnb f,cjh,wbbntgkjds[ ytqnhjyjd. Enjn hfcgfld jcyjdyjv bvttn ercgjytywbfkmysq[fhfrnth, b jy jghtltkztn rfr f,-cjh,wb., nfr b lbaaupb. ytqnhj-yjd d gkfcnt. Uujk yfrkjyf rhbdjq,ghtlcnfdkz.otq pfdbcbvjcnm xbckfbvgukmcjd jn dhtvtyb, d gjkukjuf-hbavbxtcrjv vfcinf,t lftn ctxtybtpf[dfnf Σ gkfcnf. Gjgthtxyjt ctxtybtpf[dfnf dshf;ftn (d tlbybwf[ pf[df-nf) dthjznyjcnm pf[dfnf ytqnhjyf,ghj[jlzotuj xthtp gkjoflm gjgthtx-yjuj ctxtybz vfnthbfkf.

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Dcgsirb cdtnf ghj[jlzn xthtp jryj d jlyjv rjywt rhbcnfkkf bgflf.n yf gjdth[yjcnm ajnjrfnjlf nhu,rb ajnjuvyj;bntkz,dscdj,j;lfz ektrnhjys d htpukmnfnt ajnjektrnhbxtcrjuj eaatrnf.Nhu,rf ucbkbdftn ektrnhjyyst pfhzls ghb,kbpbntkmyj d 200 nsc.hfp, xnj j,tcgtxbdftn dtkbxbyu cbuyfkf gj njru ljcnfnjxyj ,jkmiu.lkz bpvthtybz crdf;byysvb ektrnhjyysvb ghb,jhfvb.

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