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Article II, Section 3 of the Philippine Constitution speaks of the duty of the c itizens to the state: A duty which each a nd every citizen owes to t he country not just during times of need. Thus, Republic Act 9163 (RA 9163) and Republic Act 7077 (RA 7077) were introduced by the government and debated. As a result, the National Service Training Program Act of the Philippines was enacted in 2001. It was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arro yo on January 23, 2002. Through the National Service Training Program (NSTP), the government of the Philippines seeks to mobilize youth to become a vital part of the society. It t rains youth to  be responsive, alert and co nscious members of the community. The NSTP is intended to develop these ethics of service and patriotism through training in any of its three program components:  __Reserve Officers¶ Training Corps (ROTC);  __Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS); and  __Literacy Training Service (LTS). The focus of the ROTC is mili tary tra ining providing cadets with survival skills and strategies in combat. The goal o f the ROTC is to prepare the cadet s as an extra arm in case the defenses of the country finds itself overwhelmed. The CWTS, started in 2004 ± 2005 has a d iff erent appro ach in its training. The main focus is co mmuni ty service. Lat er, the LTS was developed to teach teaching. So t he country has three (3) kinds of training all with a co mmon go al: To serve and  promote the welfare of the co mmunity. The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a curriculum requirement for all college students. TOURISM 1. The practice of traveling for pleasure. 2. The business of providing tours and services for tourists. TYPES OF TOURISM: Various types of possible tourism around the world are discussed in this article.  Pilgrimage Tourism - Pilgrimages have created a variet y of tourist opportunities in medieval  period and even in to day¶s modern tourism, they stand as an important stream of tourism. Health Tourism ± Even thoug h health tourism existed long before, it gained importance during eighteenth century. This tourism is associated with spas, places with hea lth-giving mineral waters, treating diseases from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis. As a number of doctors have highlighted the benefits of bathing in sea water, and sea bathing, even this has become a part of health to urism . Winter Tourism ± Winter sports contribute to winter tourism. Many water sports holiday  packages are available at places in many countries apart from Ski and Snow festival tours organized annually. Skiing is extremely po pular in the mountainous areas. Ski fest ivals have

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Article II, Section 3 of the Philippine Constitution speaks of the duty of the citizens to the state:A duty which each and every citizen owes to the country not just during times of need.

Thus, Republic Act 9163 (RA 9163) and Republic Act 7077 (RA 7077) were introduced by the

government and debated. As a result, the National Service Training Program Act of the

Philippines was enacted in 2001. It was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyoon January 23, 2002. Through the National Service Training Program (NSTP), the governmentof the Philippines seeks to mobilize youth to become a vital part of the society. It trains youth to

 be responsive, alert and conscious members of the community.

The NSTP is intended to develop these ethics of service and patriotism through training in any of its three program components:

 __Reserve Officers¶ Training Corps (ROTC);

 __Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS); and __Literacy Training Service (LTS).

The focus of the ROTC is military training providing cadets with survival skills and strategies in

combat. The goal of the ROTC is to prepare the cadets as an extra arm in case the defenses of thecountry finds itself overwhelmed. The CWTS, started in 2004 ± 2005 has a different approach in

its training. The main focus is community service. Later, the LTS was developed to teachteaching. So the country has three (3) kinds of training all with a common goal: To serve and

 promote the welfare of the community.

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a curriculum requirement for all collegestudents.

TOURISM

1.  The practice of traveling for pleasure.

2.  The business of providing tours and services for tourists.

TYPES OF TOURISM: Various types of possible tourism around the world are discussed

in this article. 

Pilgrimage Tourism - Pilgrimages have created a variety of tourist opportunities in medieval

 period and even in today¶s modern tourism, they stand as an important stream of tourism.

Health Tourism ± Even though health tourism existed long before, it gained importance during

eighteenth century. This tourism is associated with spas, places with health-giving mineralwaters, treating diseases from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis. As a number of doctors have

highlighted the benefits of bathing in sea water, and sea bathing, even this has become a part of health tourism.

Winter Tourism ± Winter sports contribute to winter tourism. Many water sports holiday

 packages are available at places in many countries apart from Ski and Snow festival toursorganized annually. Skiing is extremely popular in the mountainous areas. Ski festivals have

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variety of events like ski and sled competitions, ski and snow board lessons, performances andrecreational activities. Majority of the event participants are from countries with a warm climate.

Mass tourism - Mass travel is possible with improvements in technology allowing the transport

of large numbers of people in a short period of time to places of leisure interest. Through this,

greater numbers of people enjoy the benefits of leisure time. The increase in the speed of Railways, the better Sea travel options, and the increase in the number of improved Air travelservices, the mass travel has grown and developed internationally.

Niche Tourism - Physical activity or sports-oriented niche tourism includes adventure tourism

such as the mountaineering and hiking (tramping), the backpacker tourism, the sport travel for golf and scuba diving or see a sports event and extreme tourism for people interested in risky

activities. There are many types of niche tourism. Some of them are given below.

The Learning-oriented niche tourism includes audio tourism and audio walking tours.

The Bookstore tourism involves the travelers visiting independent bookstores.

The Creative tourism includes attending cultural festivals, events, and workshops.The Educational tourism is to attend classes and learn certain faculties.The Ancestry tourism is to visit and learn about the birth places.

The Hobby tourism is to gather more information about hobbies and this involves garden tours,amateur radio DX-peditions, or square dance cruises.

The Music and Dance tourism involves focusing on cultural and arts activities with moreemphasis on music and dance.

The Heritage tourism involves visiting places to know about the heritage and culture of those places.

Human rights are "basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of 

nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or other status."

[1]

Humanrights are conceived as universaland egalitarian, with all people having equal rights by virtue of 

  being human. These rights may exist asnatural rights or as legal rights, in both nationaland international law.[2] The doctrine of human rights in international practice, within

international law, global and regional institutions, in the policies of states and the activities of non-governmental organisations has been a cornerstone of  public policy around the world. It has

 been said that: "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a commonmoral language, it is that of human rights."

[3]Despite this, the strong claims made by the doctrine

of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism, debates about the content, natureand justifications of human rights continue to this day.

Many of the basic ideas that animated the movement developed in the aftermath of the SecondWorld War and the atrocities of the holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal 

 Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Whilethe phrase "human rights" is relatively modern, the intellectual foundations of the concept can be

traced through the history of philosophy and the concepts of natural law rights and liberties as far   back as the city states of Classical Greece and the development of Roman Law. The true

forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval  Natural lawtradition, became prominent during the Enlightenment with such

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  philosophers asJohn Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution.

From this foundation, the modern human rights movement emerged over the latter half of thetwentieth century. Gelling as social activism and political rhetoric in many nations put it high on

the world agenda.[4]

By the 21st century, Moyn has argued, the human rights movement

expanded beyond its original anti-totalitarianism to include numerous causes involvinghumanitarianism and social and economic development in the Third World.[5] 

BILL OF RIGHTS: ARTICLE III of CONSTITUTION

Article III ± Bill of Rights 

Section 1  No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against

unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable,and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be

determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of thecomplainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be

searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Section 3 The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order 

of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.

Section 4  No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or theright of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Section 5  No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise

thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, withoutdiscrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the

exercise of civil or political rights.

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