Japan’s Coal Policy - JOGMEC › content › 300366077.pdfOil Gas Coal yen/kcal CIFPrice（Dec,...

Japan’s Coal Policy

Katsushi TAKEHIRO

Director, Coal Division

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy,

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Jan 23rd, 2020

Contents

1

１．Japan’s energy policy and role of coal

２. Clean Coal Technology

３．Carbon Recycling

Contents

2




• Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel; it exists worldwide.

• In many parts of the world, coal is the lowest-priced and the most stable energy resource.

• Coal should be used cleanly, because the amount of CO2 emissions per unit is larger than other fossil fuels.

51years 53years

153years

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Oil Gas

13.7% 7.1%24.5%

18.8%

4.2%

1.3%

9.2%33.9%

30.7%

48.3% 38.4%0.1%

7.2%7.3%

1.2%

2.8% 9.2%

42.2%

0.0%

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Oil Gas Coal

North America Central and South Africa

Europe & Eurasia Middle East

Africa Asia Pacific

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Oil Gas Coal

yen/kcalＣＩＦ Price（Dec, 2017）

Oil：4.83yen/1000kcalGas：3.61yen/1000kcalCoal：1.91yen/1000kcal

Sources: BP Statistics 2019 Sources: IEE JAPAN DATA

Transition of CIFAmount of reserves by regionThe reserves to production ratio

3

• The global share of the population with access to electricity rose from 78 per cent in 2000 to 87 per cent in 2016.

• Close to 1 billion people around the world are still without access to electricity.

• Between 2000 and 2015, 1.2 billion peoplegained new power access, 45% of which is fromcoal-fired power generation.

• Renewable energy is mainly from geothermal andhydropower.

Coal has played a crucial role in providing the poor with energy access.

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

SDGs GOAL 7

「Energy access」

Close to 1 billion people around the world has no access

to electricity

Many improvements in power access to date are due to coal-

fired power generation.

Ref.：IEA「Energy Access Outlook2017」

Ref. : UN「SDGs Report 2018」

2000～2012：62 million

people Improved every year

2012～2015：103 million

people Improved every year

4

Power source composition of 2030

In Japan’s energy mix in 2030, Nuclear, RE, LNG, Coal account for approx. 1/4 each.

Japan sets out 26% GHG reduction target by 2030 from 2013 level.

Petroleum 3%

2013 2030

LNG 27%

Coal 26%

Renewables22 - 24%

Nuclear22 - 20%

LNG 43％

Coal 30％

Petroleum15％

Renewables11％

Nuclear 1％

5

Domestic production and coal imports 6

• Over 99% of Japan's coal demand depends on imports.

• Japanese companies own coal mining interests overseas which equals to 60% of domestic demand.

Sources: White Paper on Energy 2019

Import ratio

Import Thermal Coal

Domestic Coking C

Import Coking CoalDomestic Thermal Coal

Domestic Coking Coal

(million tons)

Japan’s coal import

• Indonesian coal consists 15% of Japan's coal imports.

• Japan imports about 30 million tons of coal annually from Indonesia.

7

Trend of Indonesian coal imports

Sources ：Trade Statistics of Japan

Japan’s coal import（2018）

1億8,932万トン（2018年確定値）

オーストラリア61%

インドネシア15%

ロシア10%

米国6%

カナダ5%

コロンビア1%

中国1%

その他1%

Australia 61%

Indonesia 15%

russia10%

USA 6%

China1%

Others 1%

Columbia 1%

Canada 5%

189 million tons

34 35 36 37

36

33 32 32

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'2010 '2011 '2012 '2013 '2014 '2015 '2016 '2017 '2018

(million tons)

Benefits of Indonesian coal8

Three factors which Japanese companies consider for coal imports.

①Stable supply－Import of more than 10 million tons of coal from Indonesia since

1996（Over 20 years）

②Quality－Low Ash, Sulfer, Nitrogen

→ Slag, SOx, NOx emission reduction

③Price－Short transport distance to Japan

→ Low freight cost

－Sub-bituminous coal mixed with bituminous coal reduces power generation costs

If newly-announced regulation, called ”The provision of the use of sea transports and national insurance for the purpose of export and import of certain goods”, can have negative effects on the above mentioned Indonesian coals’ advantages.

9

Summary Increasing global energy demand Necessity of Energy Access to All Big regional differences on relative costs of coal/natural

gas/renewable/nuclear, especially when considering grid costs

Risk of relying on single energy source

Coal will remain one of the major energy sources.

Continuous efforts for improving coal fired power plants’ efficiency through innovation and replacement of inefficient plants is a responsible and realistic measure against climate change.

10




Contents

Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation

65％

60％

55％

50％

45％

40％

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC)Power generation efficiency: Approximately 52%CO2 emissions: 340 g/kWh

Power generation efficiency

GTFC

IGCC（Verification by blowing air)

A-USC

Ultra Super Critical (USC)Power generation efficiency :

Approximately 40%

CO2 emissions: Approximately 820g/kWh

1700 deg. C-class IGCC

1700 deg. C-class GTCC

IGFC

LNG thermal power

Coal-fired power

2030Present

Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Power generation efficiency: Approximately

46 to 50%CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh (1700 deg. C-class)


46%CO2 emissions: Approximately 710 g/kWh

Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC)

Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)


55%

CO2 emissions: Approximately 590 g/kWh

Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (GTFC)


63%CO2 emissions: Approximately 280 g/kWh

Power generation efficiency : Approximately 57%

CO2 emissions: Approximately 310 g/kWh

Ultrahigh Temperature Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

Power generation efficiency: Approximately 51%CO2 emissions: 350 g/kWh

Advanced Humid Air Gas Turbine (AHAT)

Around 2020

Reduction of CO2 by approximately 20%



* The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this moment.

The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon next-generation thermal power generation technology


11

Key Technology : IGCC

• IGCC achieves higher efficiency through the coal gasification process coupled with a combined cycle generation system.

GasifierGas Turbine

boilerSteam Turbine

Power Generation

Conventional ＵＳＣ

ＩＧＣＣ

Steam Turbine

Power Generation

Power Generation

Joban Joint Power Co.250MW Nakoso #10(Demo. 2007 -, Commercial 2013 -)

(1st stage)

(1st stage)

(2nd stage)

12

13

Osaki CoolGen Project

前ページの写真については下記に差し替えても良いかもしれません（外部公表済み）。右の図については、日本語が見つかりませんでした。

Coal gasification unit

Gas clean up unitCentral control room

Air separation unitWaste water treatment unit

CO2 separation and capture unit

Implemented by a Joint Venture of J-POWER and Chugoku Electric Power

Why IGCC?

① IGCC’s thermal efficiency is expected to reach 46%, meaning 21% reduction in CO2 emission compared with Sub-C. IGCC can contribute to Indonesian NDC.

② Volume of coal ash(slag) from IGCC can be reduced by half.

③ IGCC fits well with sub-bituminous coal and lignite for their low ash melting temperatures.

④ IGCC has very high speed of power output change. IGCC is suitable for the age of massive renewable penetration.

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Contents

15




CCU/CCS

capture

storage utilization

EOR direct use Carbon Recycling

16Need to challenge every option

EfficiencyH2

CCUSCarbon

Recycling

Renewable/Storage

Distributed/ digital

Nuclear HELE

CCUS/Carbon Recycling

Carbon Recycling

Carbon Recycling technology, recognizing carbon dioxide as a source of carbon, capturing and recycling it as raw

materials and fuels by mineralization, artificial photosynthetic or Methanation as well as controlling the CO2

emissions to the air.

Carbon Recycling technology focuses upon the research and development of CO2 Utilization in collaboration among

industries, academia and governments around the world and promotes disruptive innovation.

Carbon Recycling is one of key technology for the world together with energy saving, renewable energy and CCS

EOR

Direct Utilization

of CO2

CCUS

Utilization

Storage

Capture(Welding/dry ice, etc.)

2. Fuels• Microalgae biofuels (jet fuel/diesel)

• CO2-derived fuels or biofuels (excluding

fuels derived from microalgae) (such as

methanol, ethanol, diesel, etc.)

• Gas fuels (methane)

1. Chemicals• Oxygenated compounds (polycarbonate,

urethane, etc.)

• Commodity substances (olefin, BTX, etc.)

• Biochemical

4. Others• Negative emissions (BECCS. Blue Carbon

etc.)

3. Minerals• Concrete products, concrete structures

• Carbonate, etc.

17

18Artificial photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis can produce raw materials for plastics and synthetic fibers from sunlight and CO2.

Japan is working on further cost reductions to replace conventional chemical products with “CO2 plastics” and “CO2 fibers” by 2050.

【Application examples】

plastic wrap suitcase car parts

Artificial photosynthesisphotosynthesis

H2O O2

Starch glucose

H2O O2

e-, H+ H2

Olefin etc

Sun lightSun light

catalystcatalyst

Concrete products

Concrete produced using an admixture made from slaked lime produced as a by-product in chemical plants can reduce cement usage.

This concrete also contributes to CO2 reduction because the admixture absorbs CO2.

Chemical plant

Byproduct slaked lime(Ca(OH)2) Special

admixture

CO2 reduction effect

Cement factory

cement

cement

cement

H2O aggregate

aggregate

General Concrete

CO2 reduction Concrete

H2O

Power plant

Special admixture

Scope : Roadmap for Carbon Recycling Technologies

The tasks and goals were organized in 2030 and 2050.

In the future, we will conduct revisions such as adding technologies flexibly, based on international technological trends and new proposals.

2030：Technologies aiming at achieving commercialization as early stage as possible

Technologies producing high-value added products and/or not requiring inexpensive hydrogen will be commercialized first:

・Chemicals (polycarbonate, etc.)・Liquid fuels (bio-jet fuel, etc.)・Concrete products (road curb

blocks, etc.)

2050：Technologies aiming at achieving commercialization in the mid- to long-term

Extended to products that have large demand:

・Chemicals (commodity: olefin, BTX, etc.)

・Fuels (gas, liquid)・Concrete products (commodity)

19

Agenda 13:00-17:00

13:00-13:20 Opening Session

①Opening Remarks METI Minister Sugawara

②Photo Session Minister Sugawara and Ministers

13:20-17:00 Industry-Academia-Government Session①Ministerial level Speeches

②Technical Expert Presentations

2. Agenda

International Conference on Carbon Recycling20

Date: 13:00 – 17:00 on September 25 th, 2019

Venue:“Tsuruno-ma” in Hotel New Otani, Tokyo

Organizer: METI NEDO

1. Date, Venue and Other Information

3. Carbon Recycling 3C Initiative

Caravan: Promotion of mutual exchangeCenter of Research: Establishment of R&D and demonstration baseCollaboration: Promotion of international joint research

Fossil Fuel + CCUS/Carbon Recycle

Zero-emission energy

21

Japan’s Coal Policy - JOGMEC › content › 300366077.pdfOil Gas Coal yen/kcal CIFPrice（Dec,...

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