Iteratory

33
Iteratory

description

Presentation for first meetphp convention

Transcript of Iteratory

Page 1: Iteratory

Iteratory

Page 2: Iteratory

Iteracja po tablicach$array = range(1, 5); // generuje tablicę z wartościami od 1 do 5foreach ($array as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}/* wynik0 => 11 => 22 => 33 => 44 => 5*/

$array = range(1, 5); // generuje tablicę z wartościami od 1 do 5foreach ($array as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}/* wynik0 => 11 => 22 => 33 => 44 => 5*/

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Iteracja po tablicach – wewnętrzny kursor

$array = range(1, 5);current($array); // 1next($array); // 2current($array); // 2next($array);each($array); // array(2, 3)end($array); // 5current($array); // 5

while (list($key, $value) = each($array)) { echo $key .' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// 4 => 5

$array = range(1, 5);current($array); // 1next($array); // 2current($array); // 2next($array);each($array); // array(2, 3)end($array); // 5current($array); // 5

while (list($key, $value) = each($array)) { echo $key .' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// 4 => 5

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Iteracja po obiekcie

$object = new stdClass;$object->key = 'value';$object->key_2 = 'value_2';

foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}

// key => value// key_2 => value_2

$object = new stdClass;$object->key = 'value';$object->key_2 = 'value_2';

foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}

// key => value// key_2 => value_2

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Iteracja po obiekcie – tylko właściwości publiczne

class foo { public $key = 'value'; protected $key_2 = 'value_2'; private $key_3 = 'value_3'; static public $staticKey = 'value'; static protected $staticKey_2 = 'value_2'; static private $staticKey_3 = 'value_3';}$object = new foo;foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// key => value

class foo { public $key = 'value'; protected $key_2 = 'value_2'; private $key_3 = 'value_3'; static public $staticKey = 'value'; static protected $staticKey_2 = 'value_2'; static private $staticKey_3 = 'value_3';}$object = new foo;foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// key => value

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Zachowanie iteracji wg obiektu

class MyIterator implements Iterator {private $_tab = array();public function __construct(array $tab){ $this->_tab = $tab;}public function current() { return current($this->_tab).'_MyIteration';}public function next() { next($this->_tab);}public function key() { return key($this->_tab);}public function valid() { echo 'check_valid' . PHP_EOL; return key($this->_tab) !== null;}public function rewind() { echo 'rewind' . PHP_EOL; reset($this->_tab);}}

class MyIterator implements Iterator {private $_tab = array();public function __construct(array $tab){ $this->_tab = $tab;}public function current() { return current($this->_tab).'_MyIteration';}public function next() { next($this->_tab);}public function key() { return key($this->_tab);}public function valid() { echo 'check_valid' . PHP_EOL; return key($this->_tab) !== null;}public function rewind() { echo 'rewind' . PHP_EOL; reset($this->_tab);}}

$object = new MyIterator(range(1,3));foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// rewind// check_valid// 0 => 1_MyIteration// check_valid// 1 => 2_MyIteration// check_valid// 2 => 3_MyIteration// check_valid

$object = new MyIterator(range(1,3));foreach ($object as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}// rewind// check_valid// 0 => 1_MyIteration// check_valid// 1 => 2_MyIteration// check_valid// 2 => 3_MyIteration// check_valid

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Iterator, IteratorAggregate orazTraversable

interface Iterator implements Traversable { // definicja interfejsu}interface IteratorAggregate implements Traversable { // definicja interfejsu}

interface Iterator implements Traversable { // definicja interfejsu}interface IteratorAggregate implements Traversable { // definicja interfejsu}

• Grupuje dwa rodzaje iteratorów w jedno

• Nie może być implementowany bez Iteratora lub IteratorAggregate

• Grupuje dwa rodzaje iteratorów w jedno

• Nie może być implementowany bez Iteratora lub IteratorAggregate

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Traversable jako typowany argument

function foo(Traversable $object) {}

class Foo implements IteratorAggregate { public function getIterator() { return new EmptyIterator(); }}

foo(new ArrayIterator()); // przykładowa implementacja Iteratorfoo(new Foo()); // implementacja IteratorAggregate

function foo(Traversable $object) {}

class Foo implements IteratorAggregate { public function getIterator() { return new EmptyIterator(); }}

foo(new ArrayIterator()); // przykładowa implementacja Iteratorfoo(new Foo()); // implementacja IteratorAggregate

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Kiedy używać interfejsu Iterator?

● Uzyskanie całkowitej kontroli nad zwracanymi wartościami

● Definiowanie własnych ścieżek poruszania po danych

● Generowanie danych

● Uzyskanie całkowitej kontroli nad zwracanymi wartościami

● Definiowanie własnych ścieżek poruszania po danych

● Generowanie danych

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Kiedy używać interfejsu Iterator?

class PaginationIterator implements Iterator {// definicja prywatnych właściwościpublic function __construct($entriesLength, $entriesPerPage = 20, $activePage = 1) { $this->_entriesLength = (int)$entriesLength; $this->_entriesPerPage = (int)$entriesPerPage; $this->_activePage = (int)$activePage; $this->_maxPages = (int)ceil($this->_entriesLength / $this->_entriesPerPage);}public function current() { $object = new stdClass(); $key = $this->_iterationIndex; $object->page = $key + 1; $object->isActive = $key === ($this->_activePage - 1); return $object;}public function next() { $this->_iterationIndex++; }public function key() { return $this->_iterationIndex; }public function valid() { return $this->_iterationIndex < $this->_maxPages; }public function rewind() { $this->_iterationIndex = 0; }}

class PaginationIterator implements Iterator {// definicja prywatnych właściwościpublic function __construct($entriesLength, $entriesPerPage = 20, $activePage = 1) { $this->_entriesLength = (int)$entriesLength; $this->_entriesPerPage = (int)$entriesPerPage; $this->_activePage = (int)$activePage; $this->_maxPages = (int)ceil($this->_entriesLength / $this->_entriesPerPage);}public function current() { $object = new stdClass(); $key = $this->_iterationIndex; $object->page = $key + 1; $object->isActive = $key === ($this->_activePage - 1); return $object;}public function next() { $this->_iterationIndex++; }public function key() { return $this->_iterationIndex; }public function valid() { return $this->_iterationIndex < $this->_maxPages; }public function rewind() { $this->_iterationIndex = 0; }}

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Kiedy używać interfejsu Iterator?

$iterator = new PaginationIterator(100, 30, 1);foreach ($iterator as $page) { echo 'Page: '.$page->page; echo ' isActive: '.var_export($page->isActive, true).PHP_EOL;}

// Page: 1 isActive: true// Page: 2 isActive: false// Page: 3 isActive: false// Page: 4 isActive: false

$iterator = new PaginationIterator(100, 30, 1);foreach ($iterator as $page) { echo 'Page: '.$page->page; echo ' isActive: '.var_export($page->isActive, true).PHP_EOL;}

// Page: 1 isActive: true// Page: 2 isActive: false// Page: 3 isActive: false// Page: 4 isActive: false

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Kiedy używać interfejsu IteratorAggregate?

● Szybkie zwrócenie danych do iteracji● Idealne we wszelkiego rodzaju klasach

agregujących listy wartości● Brak konieczności obróbki danych

● Szybkie zwrócenie danych do iteracji● Idealne we wszelkiego rodzaju klasach

agregujących listy wartości● Brak konieczności obróbki danych

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Kiedy używać interfejsu IteratorAggregate?

class Form implements IteratorAggregate { private $_elements = array(); public function addElement(FormElement $element) { $this->_elements[] = $element; }

public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_elements); }}

class FormElement { public function __construct($type, $name) { $this->type = $type; $this->name = $name; }}

class Form implements IteratorAggregate { private $_elements = array(); public function addElement(FormElement $element) { $this->_elements[] = $element; }

public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_elements); }}

class FormElement { public function __construct($type, $name) { $this->type = $type; $this->name = $name; }}

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Kiedy używać interfejsu IteratorAggregate?

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('test', 'surname'));foreach ($form as $element) { echo 'Type: '.$element->type; echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name// Type: test Name: surname

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('test', 'surname'));foreach ($form as $element) { echo 'Type: '.$element->type; echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name// Type: test Name: surname

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SPL – Dodatkowe interfejsy iteratorów

SeekableIteratorSeekableIterator$iterator = new ArrayIterator(range(1, 5));$seekAlready = false;foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;

if (!$seekAlready && $key === 3) { $iterator->seek(1); $seekAlready = true; echo 'seek'.PHP_EOL; }}// 0 => 1// 1 => 2// 2 => 3// 3 => 4// seek// 2 => 3// 3 => 4// 4 => 5

$iterator = new ArrayIterator(range(1, 5));$seekAlready = false;foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;

if (!$seekAlready && $key === 3) { $iterator->seek(1); $seekAlready = true; echo 'seek'.PHP_EOL; }}// 0 => 1// 1 => 2// 2 => 3// 3 => 4// seek// 2 => 3// 3 => 4// 4 => 5

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SPL – Dodatkowe interfejsy iteratorów

OuterIteratorOuterIterator$iterator = new AppendIterator();$iterator->append(new ArrayIterator(range(1, 2)));$iterator->append(new ArrayIterator(range(3, 6)));foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.' : '; echo $iterator->getInnerIterator()->count().PHP_EOL;}

// 0 => 1 : 2// 1 => 2 : 2// 0 => 3 : 4// 1 => 4 : 4// 2 => 5 : 4// 3 => 6 : 4

$iterator = new AppendIterator();$iterator->append(new ArrayIterator(range(1, 2)));$iterator->append(new ArrayIterator(range(3, 6)));foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.' : '; echo $iterator->getInnerIterator()->count().PHP_EOL;}

// 0 => 1 : 2// 1 => 2 : 2// 0 => 3 : 4// 1 => 4 : 4// 2 => 5 : 4// 3 => 6 : 4

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SPL – Dodatkowe interfejsy iteratorów

RecursiveIteratorRecursiveIterator$array = array( 1, 2, array(3, 4, 5));$iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($array);foreach ($iterator as $key=>$value) { if ($iterator->hasChildren()) { echo 'children'.PHP_EOL; foreach ($iterator->getChildren() as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL; } } else { echo 'no children'.PHP_EOL; }}

// no children// no children// children// 0 => 3// 1 => 4// 2 => 5

$array = array( 1, 2, array(3, 4, 5));$iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($array);foreach ($iterator as $key=>$value) { if ($iterator->hasChildren()) { echo 'children'.PHP_EOL; foreach ($iterator->getChildren() as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL; } } else { echo 'no children'.PHP_EOL; }}

// no children// no children// children// 0 => 3// 1 => 4// 2 => 5

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SPL – ArrayIterator

● Wszystkie możliwości sortowania (natsort, usort, ksort)

● Dostęp do wartości za pomocą []● Zliczanie ilości elementów ● Dodawanie kolejnych elementów● Serializacja, deserializacja

● Wszystkie możliwości sortowania (natsort, usort, ksort)

● Dostęp do wartości za pomocą []● Zliczanie ilości elementów ● Dodawanie kolejnych elementów● Serializacja, deserializacja

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SPL – RecursiveIteratorIterator

● Iteruje rekursywnie po RecursiveIterator● Niezwykle potężne narzędzie do obsługi

struktur drzewiastych oraz wszelkich zagnieżdżeń

● 3 tryby iteracji● LEAVES_ONLY● SELF_FIRST● CHILD_FIRST

● Iteruje rekursywnie po RecursiveIterator● Niezwykle potężne narzędzie do obsługi

struktur drzewiastych oraz wszelkich zagnieżdżeń

● 3 tryby iteracji● LEAVES_ONLY● SELF_FIRST● CHILD_FIRST

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SPL – RecursiveIteratorIterator$array = array( 1, 2, array(3, 4, array( 5, array(6, 7) , 8) , 9));// domyślnie RecursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY$iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($array);$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($iterator);foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.' : '; echo $iterator->getDepth().PHP_EOL;}

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

$array = array( 1, 2, array(3, 4, array( 5, array(6, 7) , 8) , 9));// domyślnie RecursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY$iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($array);$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($iterator);foreach ($iterator as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.' : '; echo $iterator->getDepth().PHP_EOL;}

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

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SPL – RecursiveIteratorIterator

// LEAVES_ONLY

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

// LEAVES_ONLY

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

// SELF_FIRST

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 2 => Array : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 2 => Array : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 1 => Array : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

// SELF_FIRST

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 2 => Array : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 2 => Array : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 1 => Array : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 2 => 8 : 2// 3 => 9 : 1

// CHILD_FIRST

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 1 => Array : 2// 2 => 8 : 2// 2 => Array : 1// 3 => 9 : 1// 2 => Array : 0

// CHILD_FIRST

// 0 => 1 : 0// 1 => 2 : 0// 0 => 3 : 1// 1 => 4 : 1// 0 => 5 : 2// 0 => 6 : 3// 1 => 7 : 3// 1 => Array : 2// 2 => 8 : 2// 2 => Array : 1// 3 => 9 : 1// 2 => Array : 0

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SPL – CallbackFilterIterator – od PHP 5.4

class CallbackFilterIterator extends FilterIterator { private $_callback; public function __construct(Iterator $iterator, Closure $callback) { parent::__construct($iterator); $this->_callback = $callback; }

public function accept() { return call_user_func( $this->_callback, $this->current(), $this->key(), $this->getInnerIterator()); }}

class CallbackFilterIterator extends FilterIterator { private $_callback; public function __construct(Iterator $iterator, Closure $callback) { parent::__construct($iterator); $this->_callback = $callback; }

public function accept() { return call_user_func( $this->_callback, $this->current(), $this->key(), $this->getInnerIterator()); }}

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SPL – CallbackFilterIterator

class Form implements IteratorAggregate { public function getElementsByType($type) { return new CallbackFilterIterator( $this->getIterator(), function($element) use ($type) { return $type === $element->type; }); }}

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('number', 'age'));$form->addElement(new FormELement('range', 'weight'));foreach ($form->getElementsByType('text') as $element) { echo 'Type: '.$element->type; echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name

class Form implements IteratorAggregate { public function getElementsByType($type) { return new CallbackFilterIterator( $this->getIterator(), function($element) use ($type) { return $type === $element->type; }); }}

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('number', 'age'));$form->addElement(new FormELement('range', 'weight'));foreach ($form->getElementsByType('text') as $element) { echo 'Type: '.$element->type; echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name

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SPL - AppendIterator

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('number', 'age'));$form->addElement(new FormELement('range', 'weight'));$iterator = new AppendIterator();$iterator->append($form->getElementsByType('text'));$iterator->append($form->getElementsByType('range'));

foreach ($iterator as $element) {echo 'Type: '.$element->type;echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name// Type: range Name: weight

$form = new Form();$form->addElement(new FormElement('text', 'name'));$form->addElement(new FormElement('number', 'age'));$form->addElement(new FormELement('range', 'weight'));$iterator = new AppendIterator();$iterator->append($form->getElementsByType('text'));$iterator->append($form->getElementsByType('range'));

foreach ($iterator as $element) {echo 'Type: '.$element->type;echo ' Name: '.$element->name.PHP_EOL;}

// Type: text Name: name// Type: range Name: weight

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SPL - DirectoryIterator

● Rozszerza SplFileInfo – cała masa dobrodziejstw

● Rozszerza SplFileInfo – cała masa dobrodziejstw

$iterator = new DirectoryIterator('some_dir');foreach ($iterator as $file) { echo $file->getPathName().PHP_EOL;}

// some_dir\.// some_dir\..// some_dir\test_file.txt// some_dir\test_file_2.txt

$iterator = new DirectoryIterator('some_dir');foreach ($iterator as $file) { echo $file->getPathName().PHP_EOL;}

// some_dir\.// some_dir\..// some_dir\test_file.txt// some_dir\test_file_2.txt

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SPL - RegexIterator

$array = array( 'Jabłko', 'Banan', 'Ananas', 'Wiśnia', 'Arbuz');$iterator = new ArrayIterator($array);$iterator = new RegexIterator($iterator, '/nas?/i');foreach ($iterator as $string) { echo $string.PHP_EOL;}

// Banan// Ananas

$array = array( 'Jabłko', 'Banan', 'Ananas', 'Wiśnia', 'Arbuz');$iterator = new ArrayIterator($array);$iterator = new RegexIterator($iterator, '/nas?/i');foreach ($iterator as $string) { echo $string.PHP_EOL;}

// Banan// Ananas

● Jest w stanie wykonywać replace, split ● Jest w stanie wykonywać replace, split

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Wespół w zespół – przeszukiwanie katalogów

$iterator = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('PHPUnit/Extensions');$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($iterator);$iterator = new RegexIterator($iterator, '/_coverage/i');foreach ($iterator as $file) { echo $file->getPathName();}

// PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase/phpunit_coverage.php

$iterator = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('PHPUnit/Extensions');$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($iterator);$iterator = new RegexIterator($iterator, '/_coverage/i');foreach ($iterator as $file) { echo $file->getPathName();}

// PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase/phpunit_coverage.php

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SPL – InfiniteIterator – Tasksclass TaskDownloader extends ArrayIterator { public function __construct() { // lock constructor } public function rewind() { $iteration = 0; do { $tasks = $this->fetch(); if ($iteration > 0) { usleep(1000); } $iteration++; } while ($tasks === array()); parent::__construct($tasks); } public function fetch() { // fetch tasks from tasks repository }}

$iterator = new InfiniteIterator(new TaskDownloader());foreach ($iterator as $task) { echo $task;}

class TaskDownloader extends ArrayIterator { public function __construct() { // lock constructor } public function rewind() { $iteration = 0; do { $tasks = $this->fetch(); if ($iteration > 0) { usleep(1000); } $iteration++; } while ($tasks === array()); parent::__construct($tasks); } public function fetch() { // fetch tasks from tasks repository }}

$iterator = new InfiniteIterator(new TaskDownloader());foreach ($iterator as $task) { echo $task;}

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Iteratory oszczędzają pamięć

● Nie potrzebują wszystkich danych od samego początku

● Są w stanie generować, pobierać dane

● Nie potrzebują wszystkich danych od samego początku

● Są w stanie generować, pobierać dane

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Pobieranie dużej ilości rekordówclass PDODataPartition extends Iterator { public function rewind() { $this->_loadPartition(0); $this->_position = 0; } public function valid() { if (isset($this->_data[$this->_position])) { return true; } if ($this->_position < $this->_partitionSize) { return false; } if ($this->_loadPartition(++$this->_partitionNum)) { $this->_position = 0; return true; } return false; } protected function _loadPartition($numOfPartition) { $this->_partitionNum = (int)$numOfPartition; $query = $this->_getPartitionQuery(); $stmt = $this->_pdo->query($query); if ($stmt) { $this->_data = $stmt->fetchAll(); } return (bool)$this->_data; } protected function _getPartitionQuery() { $offset = $this->_partitionNum * $this->_partitionSize; $limit = $this->_partitionSize; return $this->_query.' LIMIT '.$limit.' OFFSET '.$offset; }}

class PDODataPartition extends Iterator { public function rewind() { $this->_loadPartition(0); $this->_position = 0; } public function valid() { if (isset($this->_data[$this->_position])) { return true; } if ($this->_position < $this->_partitionSize) { return false; } if ($this->_loadPartition(++$this->_partitionNum)) { $this->_position = 0; return true; } return false; } protected function _loadPartition($numOfPartition) { $this->_partitionNum = (int)$numOfPartition; $query = $this->_getPartitionQuery(); $stmt = $this->_pdo->query($query); if ($stmt) { $this->_data = $stmt->fetchAll(); } return (bool)$this->_data; } protected function _getPartitionQuery() { $offset = $this->_partitionNum * $this->_partitionSize; $limit = $this->_partitionSize; return $this->_query.' LIMIT '.$limit.' OFFSET '.$offset; }}

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Pobieranie dużej ilości rekordów

$records = $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM tabela')->fetchAll();foreach ($records as $record) {}// vs

$iterator = new PDODataPartition($pdo, 'SELECT * FROM tabela', 1000);foreach ($iterator as $record) {}

$records = $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM tabela')->fetchAll();foreach ($records as $record) {}// vs

$iterator = new PDODataPartition($pdo, 'SELECT * FROM tabela', 1000);foreach ($iterator as $record) {}

PDO PDODataPartition

Pamięć 562 552 25 896

Czas 0,231 s 0,930 s

Więcej: http://bit.ly/uGQ0Vl Więcej: http://bit.ly/uGQ0Vl

http://bit.ly/uGQ0Vl
http://bit.ly/uGQ0Vl
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Iterator w php 5.4 - Trait

trait IteratorTrait { protected $_data = array(); public function next() { next($this->_data); } public function current() { return current($this->_data); } public function valid() { return key($this->_data) !== null; } public function key() { return key($this->_data); } public function rewind() { reset($this->_data); }}

class SomeOtherClass { }class TestIterator extends SomeOtherClass implements Iterator { use IteratorTrait; public function __construct(array $data) { $this->_data = &$data; }}

$o = new TestIterator(range(1, 5));foreach ($o as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}

trait IteratorTrait { protected $_data = array(); public function next() { next($this->_data); } public function current() { return current($this->_data); } public function valid() { return key($this->_data) !== null; } public function key() { return key($this->_data); } public function rewind() { reset($this->_data); }}

class SomeOtherClass { }class TestIterator extends SomeOtherClass implements Iterator { use IteratorTrait; public function __construct(array $data) { $this->_data = &$data; }}

$o = new TestIterator(range(1, 5));foreach ($o as $key => $value) { echo $key.' => '.$value.PHP_EOL;}

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Using Social Networks as Job Searching Tools

On Digital Transformation - 10 Observations

On Digital Transformation - 10 Observations

Site Search Analytics in a Nutshell

Site Search Analytics in a Nutshell

The Art Of Colors

The Art Of Colors

The Value of User Experience (from Web 2.0 Expo Berlin 2008)

The Value of User Experience (from Web 2.0 Expo Berlin 2008)

Zipcar Millennials Survey

Zipcar Millennials Survey

Advertising Psychology

Advertising Psychology