Italy_SWOT Update 2009 Mariagrazia Leone Sveva Magaraggia Giovanna Vingelli Utrecht, 3 June 2009.
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Transcript of Italy_SWOT Update 2009 Mariagrazia Leone Sveva Magaraggia Giovanna Vingelli Utrecht, 3 June 2009.
Italy_SWOT Update 2009
Mariagrazia LeoneSveva MagaraggiaGiovanna Vingelli
Utrecht, 3 June 2009
STRENGHTSWEAKNESSES
1. Women's higher level of education2. Equal Opportunities Legislation (Law 125/91; Law 53/2000); Art. 51 Constitution (de iure equality AND de facto equality in access to public offices and elective bodies3. Definition of direct and indirect discrimination
1. Low level of female participation in politics. 2. New labour Policies3. Lack of gender awareness/political will4. No links with NGO's, Women's movement, Academy5. No mention of Gender Impact Assessment6. Lack of awareness on mainstreaming, implementation of sectorial policies7. Erosion of power of Equal Opportunities Machinery
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
1. Rising female presence in the labour market2. Women's higher level of education
1. Women employment rate still under the average rate in Europe2. Vertical and horizontal segregation in the labour market3. Pay-gap4. Regional differences5. Unequal distribution of family tasks and responsabilities
Horizontal and vertical
segregation
VI (1972)
VII (1976)
VIII (1979)
IX (1983)
X (1987)
XI (1992)
XII (1994)
XIII (1996)
XIV (2001)
XV (2006)
XV (2008)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
Cam era dei Deputati
Senato della Repubblica
Leg isla tu r e
Va
lori
pe
rce
ntu
ali
Women in the Italian Parliament
% (1972-2008)
WOMEN CANDIDATES: 32,1 % . (2 points less than 2004).
Slight difference among parties
STRENGHTSWEAKNESSES
•Increasing female university enrollment and graduation•New Bill on Gender Statistics•VISPO Guidelines•New rules on retirement
Political commitment No formal network for exchange about gender
issues (no Velvet triangle) Fragmented equal opportunities interventions Gender mainstreaming has not successfully
intervened in large policy areas, in important decision-making processes
Top-down approach/technocratic process No political pressure from women'
movement/society at large No links with theoretical reflection No intersectionality
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Gender budgeting experiences
Anti-Violence Local Networks
Decentralization
ESF Impact
Local committees on equal opportunities in all public institutions have been set up
Equal Opportunities in the public debate
- Very low female participation rate to labor market• Increasing poverty among women
• Emerging new socio-economic risks (low education, low professional qualification, low-paid jobs, lone parent families, aging) with intergenerational implications
Low expenditure on services, low enrolment of young children in child-care or lacking quality of child-care
•Very inflexible working time regulations within a high hours culture Deficient parental leave regulations
•Weak need assessment and monitoring systems especially of latent needs•Increasing irregular work•Increasing discouraged female workers•Persistent asymmetries of power between genders•Organizational Culture•No flexicurity•no development of “equality mechanisms”
Femocrats
Gender Policies
Politicians
“Civil society”/wo
men’s movement/women’s studies
Access
High Low
High AustraliaThe NetherlandsNorwayDenmark
SwedenUKFranceSpain
Influence on policy making
Low GermanyUSACanada
IrelandITALY