Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban,...
-
Upload
anthony-tyrone-ford -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban,...
![Page 1: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Italian Renaissance
1300-1600
![Page 2: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Italian States
• The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from manufacturing, trade, and banking.
• Italians had acquired considerable wealth, and some of this wealth was used to support writers, scholars, and artists.
![Page 3: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• During the Renaissance, Italy remained divided politically. In northern Italy, the city-states of Florence, Milan, and Venice became major centers of the Renaissance civilization.
• Rome dominated the Papal States of central Italy, while the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies embraced most of southern Italy.
![Page 4: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Italian States• Florence
– Oligarchy– Medici family– Savonarola
• Milan– Condottiere– Spanish empire
• Venice– Great Council
• Doge– Monopoly on spice and
luxury trade
• Papal States– Renaissance
Popes• Julius II
– Kingdom of the Two Sicilies• Poor land• Spanish empire
![Page 5: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Renaissance Literature
• Tuscan Triumvirate ---> vernacular– Dante Alighieri
• Divine Comedy
– Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch)
• Italian sonnet - poem of 14 lines (8 and 6)
• Literary humanism
– Giovanni Boccaccio• Decameron
• Niccolo Machiavelli– The Prince
• Bladassare Castiglione– The Book of the Courtier
• Benvenuto Cellini– Autobiography
• Lorenzo Valla– Linguistic/historical
analysis
![Page 6: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Italian Renaissance Art
• Religious scenes focused on expressions• Holy as human• God’s beauty in world• Neo-Platonism• Nude body• Uniqueness - self-portraits• Pagan myths as Christian icons• Individual-secular-profane
![Page 7: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Giotto• Religious subjects in more
human fashion and realistic setting
• Illusion of depth
![Page 8: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Masaccio
• Used light and shade to perspective
• The Holy Trinity
![Page 9: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sandro Botticelli• Vivid colors• Classical mythology• The Adoration of the Magi• The Birth of Venus• Primavera
![Page 10: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci• First Italian artist to use oil
paints• Mona Lisa• The Last Supper• The Virgin of the Rocks• Religious matter in secular and
humanized fashion
![Page 11: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci• Studying fossils• Anatomy from
dissections• First accurate
description of human skeleton
• Remained on paper
![Page 12: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Raphael Santi • Humanized Madonna paintings
• Sistine Madonna• School of Athens
![Page 13: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Michelangelo Buonarotti• Sistine Chapel
– Nine scenes of OT from Creation to Flood
• The Last Judgment• David• Moses• Pieta• Dying Slave• Night
![Page 14: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Michelangelo Buonarotti
![Page 15: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Titian
• Tiziano Vecellio• Most famous
Venetian painter• One painting a
month• “Titian” red• The Assumption of
the Virgin
![Page 16: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Northern Renaissance
• The influence of the Italian Renaissance gradually spread northward.
• The Northern Renaissance was infused with a more Christian spirit than in Italy, where there had been often an almost open revolt against Christian ideals.
![Page 17: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Renaissance in Germany and Low Countries
• Printing press w/ moveable type– Johannes Gutenberg– 1456 - the Bible– Rapid spread of
knowledge
![Page 18: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Christian Humanism– Unite classical
learning w/ Christian faith
– Erasmus• ‘Prince of the
Humanists’• Praise of Folly• Rejected Luther
![Page 19: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Flemish Painting• Jan and Hubert van
Eyck– First to use oil paints– The Adoration of the
Lamb– Giovanni Arnolfini and
His Bride
![Page 20: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Hieronymus Bosch– Nightmarish fantasy
worlds– Garden of Earthly Delight
![Page 21: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Peter Brueghel– Earthly and lively
activities of peasants– Peasant Wedding– Children’s Games
![Page 22: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
German Painting
• Albrecht Durer– Mastery of
expression– Woodcuts– Self-Portrait
![Page 23: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Hans Holbein the Younger– Portraits
• Henry VIII
• Erasmus
• Thomas More
• The Ambassadors
![Page 24: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Elizabethan Literature
• Edmund Spenser– Leading poet
• Christopher Marlowe– playwright– Brief career– Doctor Faustus
• William Shakespeare– Most famous playwright
• Ben Jonson– Last major literary figure
![Page 25: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Spanish Renaissance
• Cardinal Fransciso Jumenez de Cisneros
• Miguel de Cervantes– Don Quixote
• Felix Lope de Vega– Most prolific playwright
• El Greco– Greatest painter of SR– Studied with Titian– Intense religious mysticism– Mannerism
• El Escorial
![Page 26: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Protestant Reformation• 1517 - Luther posts 95 Theses• 1534 - Act of Supremacy• 1555 - Peace of Augsburg
![Page 27: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Martin Luther• Planned to be a lawyer• Religious conversion to
Augustinian monk• Theology teacher at
university of Wittenberg• “The just shall live by
faith.” Romans (1:17)– Justification by faith
• Johann Tetzel– Indulgence controversy
• 95 Theses• Diet of Worms
![Page 28: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Lutheranism
1. “Justification by faith”
2. “Sola scriptura”
3. Baptism and holy communion
4. Priesthood of believers
5. German translation of Bible
6. Abolished monasteries and celibacy of clergy
![Page 29: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Lutheranism
![Page 30: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Lutheranism• Peasants’ Revolt• Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V• Diet of Augsburg• Peace of Augsburg
– German prince right to determine religion of his state
• Lutheran or Roman Catholic• No recognition of Calvinists
or Anabaptists
– Lutheranism dominant in northern Germany and Scandinavia
![Page 31: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Calvinism
• Ulrich Zwingli– Humanist and
Catholic priest– Sacraments only
symbolic ceremonies– Rejected celibacy of
clergy– Emphasized
simplicity in worship– Killed by Catholic
forces
• John Calvin– Protestant– Exile in Geneva– Institutes of the
Christian Religion– Predestination
• Salvation by election
– Puritanism
• Theocracy
![Page 32: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Spread of Calvinism
• Switzerland• France
– Huguenots
• John Knox– Presbyterians
• England– Puritans
• Netherlands• Max Weber’s theory of the “Protestant work ethic”
![Page 33: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Anglicanism• King Henry VIII
– Divorce of Catherine of Aragon
– Thomas Cramner
• Act of Supremacy– King head of Church of
England– Six Articles
• No papal supremacy
• Sold monasteries• Supported by English
people– Papal taxes– “Babylonian Captivity”– Monastic land
• Execution of Thomas More
• Edward VI– 42 Articles
• More Protestant
• Cramner’s Book of Common Prayer
• Bloody Mary– Executed Cramner– Married Philip II
• Elizabeth I– Last Tudor– 39 Articles– Opposition
• Pilgrims - Separatists
• Mary Queen of Scots
• Philip II
![Page 34: Italian Renaissance 1300-1600. Italian States The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was urban, centered on towns that had become prosperous from.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062807/5697c0031a28abf838cc3d9e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Anabaptism
• Radicals of the PR• Rejection of infant
baptism• Active in Peasants’
Revolt• Thomas Munzer• John of Leyden• Menno Simons
– Mennonites