Isu No. 10 FOKUS AKRUAN · · 2017-11-22on accounting and reporting by central governments...

Edaran Dalaman

Isu No. 10

Jun 2017

THE JOURNEY SO FAR

SYSTEM INTEGRATOR’S (IA) COMMITMENT

SOP DAY 2—IMPAIRMENT

KURSUS MPSAS SECARA ATAS TALIAN

PELAKSANAAN LATIHAN PERAKAUNAN AKRUAN

DI KEMENTERIAN

AKTIVITI PENGURUSAN PERUBAHAN

THERE YET? PELAKSANAAN PERAKAUNAN AKRUAN

KE ARAH PELAKSANAAN PERAKAUNAN AKRUAN

FOKUS AKRUAN KERAJAAN PERSEKUTUAN

ARE WE

ISU NO. 10 FOKUS AKRUAN Jun 2017

“In order to succeed, we must first

believe that we can”.

-Nikos Kazantzakis-

DARI MEJA EDITOR SIDANG REDAKSI

Salam Sejahtera dan Salam Akruan

Bagi memastikan sistem 1GFMAS benar-benar

lengkap, reliable dan komprehensif, fasa

pengujian masih diteruskan dengan mengambil

kira semua aspek termasuk kestabilan sistem.

Sokongan padu dari semua pihak amat

diharapkan bagi memastikan Go Live 1GFMAS

dapat dilaksanakan dalam persediaan yang

sangat rapi.

Fokus Akruan Edisi 10 ini memantapkan

pengetahuan pembaca mengenai Making The

Move To Accrual Accounting : The Journey So

Far, System Integrator’s (IA) Committment, SOP

Day 2 : Impairment, Kursus MPSAS Secara Atas

Talian, Pelaksanaan Latihan Perakaunan

Akruan di Kementerian dan Aktiviti Pengurusan

Perubahan.

Adakah kita benar-benar bersedia untuk

menghadapi Go Live 1GFMAS!

PENAUNG

Encik Er Beng Kiong

PENASIHAT

Puan Noorlida binti Mohd Khalid

KETUA EDITOR

Cik D.Joyce Christina Dharmaraj

EDITOR

Puan Rohaiza binti Manab (UPP)

Encik Mohd Nazri bin Hassan (UPP)

Puan Nor Rosita binti Idris (UP&P)

Encik Shahrul Anwar bin Sahar (UP&P)

Puan Siti Norhayati binti Mohd Ali (UK&P)

Puan Norhafiza binti Burhanuddin (UTeknikal)

Puan Nor Sakilawati binti Abd. Wahab (UPPD)

Puan Nor Azila binti Ramli (UPPD)

Puan Norhaslinda binti Mahadi (UAplikasi)

Puan Siti Nurbaya binti Yaudin (UAplikasi)

Puan Juliana binti Saleh (BPOPA)

PENYELARAS PENERBITAN

Cik D.Joyce Christina Dharmaraj (UPP)

Puan Rohaiza binti Manab (UPP)

PENYELARAS PENGEDARAN

Puan Raja Ros Idayu binti Raja Norazmi (UPP)

Cik Nur Hazatulaini binti Zainal (UPP)

S E L A M AT M E M B AC A !

KEEP A LOOK OUT FOR

THIS NEW HYPERLINK

LOGO ON YOUR MINISTRY

WEBSITE

Pasukan Pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan 2


Assalamualaikum dan Salam Sejahtera

Pelaksanaan 1 Government Financial and Management Accounting System (1GFMAS) merupakan nadi

penggerak utama dalam pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan. Sistem 1GFMAS akan menyediakan platform

kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan untuk menjalankan transaksi perakaunan, perekodan dan pelaporan kewangan

dalam asas perakaunan akruan.

Berikutan daripada status terkini ketersediaan Sistem 1GFMAS, pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan yang pada awalnya dijadualkan Go-Live 2015 telah ditangguhkan kepada tahun 2018. Penangguhan ini adalah

disebabkan terdapat kelewatan yang signifikan dalam pembangunan Sistem 1GFMAS melibatkan aspek-aspek

penting sistem. Di antaranya adalah kompleksiti sistem yang melibatkan dual ledger, inter entity dan

perakaunan aset.

JANM selaku agensi peneraju Pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan Kerajaan Persekutuan, telah mengambil

tindakan proaktif bagi menyelesaikan isu-isu dan cabaran bagi memastikan pembangunan sistem disiapkan

mengikut perancangan.

Fasa pembangunan dan pengujian bagi Sistem 1GFMAS dijadualkan berterusan sehingga November tahun

2017 untuk memastikan ketersediaan sistem secara keseluruhan. Fasa ini juga akan memberi peluang kepada

kementerian untuk turut terlibat dalam proses pengujian – User Acceptance Test (UAT) dan Provisional

Acceptance Test (PAT) di mana beberapa wakil kementerian akan turut serta dalam proses tersebut.

Penglibatan aktif pihak kementerian selaku pengguna akhir (end user) dalam sesi pengujian akan memberi

impak positif terhadap pemahaman sistem dengan mempelajari secara terperinci tatacara pengoperasian

Sistem 1GFMAS. Secara tidak langsung, ini akan memberikan tahap keyakinan yang lebih tinggi kepada

pengguna di Kementerian terhadap sistem baharu yang akan digunakan nanti.

Dalam memastikan kejayaan dalam pembangunan 1GFMAS dan seterusnya pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan,

tidak dinafikan nilai kerja berpasukan akan memainkan peranan penting. Saya amat menghargai semua

pihak yang terlibat, yang telah memberikan kerjasama dan berganding bahu sebagai satu pasukan bagi

mencapai satu matlamat kejayaan.

Saya yakin dengan izin Allah SWT, kita akan dapat merealisasikan pelaksanaan sistem 1GFMAS dan

perakaunan akruan bersama.

Sekian, terima kasih.


Fasa pembangunan dan pengujian

bagi Sistem 1GFMAS dijadualkan

berterusan sehingga November

tahun 2017 untuk memastikan

ketersediaan sistem secara

keseluruhan.

PERUTUSAN DARIPADA PENGARAH BPTM

MOHD AZMI BIN MOHAMED YAZID

PENGARAH BPTM


Background The Federal Government of Malaysia is currently applying modified cash basis of accounting.

Cash accounting is easy to implement and understand, the quality of information in a set of financial statements prepared under this basis is very limited. For an example, The Statement of Financial Position of the Federal Government only shows the amount of cash, investment held in respect of Consolidated Fund and do not present the full picture of Federal Government’s financial position.

Therefore, it was very timely that the Federal Government of Malaysia announced its intention to move to accrual basis of accounting in the 2010 New Economic Model (NEM) report. The case for this change was compelling. Accrual accounting enhances the accuracy of financial reporting, adding depth to the accountability and transparency of the management of public sector resources. It will also provide higher quality financial information for better planning and usage of public resources.

Planning Making the move to accrual accounting isn’t simple. It’s not like flicking a switch. A recent survey by PwC on accounting and reporting by central governments highlights that most countries need more than three years to make this change. Some countries even require a longer period because the complexity extends beyond just adopting new policies. There will be system changes and new procedures to be instilled. The massive size of typical government machinery makes this move even more challenging and time consuming. Therefore proper and detailed planning needs to be done to allow for a smooth transition. In 2011, a one-month long intensive PEMANDU lab was conducted to draw out the “who, what, why and how” of the change. The outcome of this lab was a detailed implementation plan structure that provided the road map to accrual accounting implementation with a high level timeline.

Execution The actual journey then started in 2013 with a special task force created in the Accountant General’s Department of Malaysia (AGD) to spearhead this change. The multiple activities that were required for the transition can be categorised into the following work streams:

i. Standards and accounting policies A new set of accounting standards and policies had to be created first. A new governance body, Government Accounting Standards Advisory Committee (GASAC) was set up to create the Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS). MPSAS was drawn primarily from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) with some very minor changes to adapt to the specific national circumstances after getting the agreement from the International Federation of Accountants.

ii. Laws and regulations Amendments to the Financial Procedures Act 1957 and other relevant acts were necessary as the current Financial Procedures Act 1957 only requires a cash basis financial statement to be presented to the Parliament. Therefore, relevant amendments to these laws and regulations have to be made to enable a set of accrual based financial statements to be tabled in Parliament.


Well, you know, a lot of people look at the negative things, the things that they did wrong

and which I do. But I like to stress on the things I did right, because there are certain things

that I like to look at from a positive standpoint that are just positive reinforcement.

- Tiger Woods -

MAKING THE MOVE TO ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING :

THE JOURNEY SO FAR

See Page 5


iii. System A new accounting system had to be developed because the existing system was only designed for cash accounting. This new system, 1GFMAS, will be a centralised system with a single database to be integrated with some of the other government systems. The new system also needs to have the capabilities to perform cash reporting, taking into consideration that the budgeting process will still be in cash basis even though the accounting will be accrual.

iv. Processes Accrual accounting requires a transaction to be recorded when the event happens whereas for cash accounting, when the cash is paid. Accrual accounting also introduces new accounting processes like fair valuation and impairment. Therefore, new standard operating procedures and guidelines were developed to provide guidance and know-how on the application of such processes.

v. People The AGD needed to restructure their processes and culture in line with th new need arising from the accounting change. Accounts divisions in the line ministries were set up and the Responsibility Centres Cost Centres were strengthened with accounting personnel. Change management and numerous training programmes were organised to build capacity. “Change Ambassadors” were nominated and empowered to assist with the transition management.

vi. Opening balance information Relevant financial information which were not accounted under the current cash accounting system such as fixed assets, liabilities, receivables and payables, and impairment values needed to be compiled for the opening balance. This was a huge exercise covering all the 25 ministries impacted; such information was compiled using templates. External consultants were also engaged to assist in the compilation of information and to provide technical assistance.

The Challenges

i. Building 1GFMAS One of the most challenging aspects of the entire project is the development of the new accrual accounting system, 1GFMAS. 1GFMAS is an SAP based accounting system that needed major customisation to meet the specific needs of the government.

A major customisation that is required for 1GFMAS is to have dual ledger capabilities – one for accrual accounting and one for cash accounting. In order to develop dual ledger capabilities, a fully customised module has to be added on the existing standard accrual SAP system. This fully customised module will receive all accrual transactions from the existing standard accrual SAP general ledger and make posting to a separate ledger using “cash basis” rules. The development of these “cash basis” rules can be complicated due to the massive amount of transaction types available in the Government.

Another challenging aspect of the system development is the integration with other existing government systems. Major systems that needs to be integrated to the new accrual accounting system includes procurement and payment (eServices, ePerolehan, HRMIS and PMS) and fixed asset management systems (SPA and MYSPATA). The integration has to be done carefully because if the integration is not done proper-ly, the whole system could fail.

ii. Obtaining the opening balance One of the biggest challenges in obtaining the opening balance is determining the complete list of assets that is owned or controlled by the Federal Government. Currently, the Federal Government maintain immovable assets information (land and building) the MYSPATA system and movable assets (office equip-ment) are in the SPA system. The information from these two systems was leveraged to help build the list of government fixed assets.

The information was then reconciled to other sources of information, for e.g. for land and buildings, the list of properties was compared to the Federal Land Commissioner database to ensure completeness and accuracy.



THE JOURNEY SO FAR From Page 4

See Page 6


This exercise has resulted in a realisation that there were inaccurate data resulting in data cleansing activities that has to be made in both the agency and Federal Land Commissioner databases.

The accounting standard allows historical cost or replacement cost to be used to record the value of the opening balance fixed assets. Although historical cost is the preferred method, the difficulty of locating original purchase documents for older assets makes it very challenging to adopt. As a result, only newly acquired uses historical cost. Most of the older assets used replacement cost as a basis for the opening balance value.

The method used to determine the replacement cost depends on the type of assets. The service of the government valuers, JPPH, was used to determine the replacement cost of land and buildings. This was a massive exercise and required a reasonable period to complete. Other infrastructure assets, such as roads and sewerage facilities were performed by the respective agencies due to specialised knowledge required.

iii. Application of standards Applying accounting standards in the Government is more complicated than the private sector due to the size and diversity that of the Government services. A similar item can have a different treatment depending on how the agency is using the item. For example, books and journals will normally be an expense item for most agencies but if the agency is the public library, these items will be treated as an asset item. This requires the users to apply judgement in interpreting the correct accounting treatment which can be challenging to implement.

Materiality is a fundamental concept in the application of accounting standards. For the application in Malaysia, the materiality threshold for capitalisation of assets has been set at RM2,000 per line of asset. This can be seen as low considering that the total government assets are in billions. However, setting a materiality threshold can be very judgemental for the public sector because we are dealing with public funds. The threshold is usually lower as compared to the private sector because there is public accountability involved. As a result, more items would have to be capitalised making the transition to accrual accounting more difficult.

The accounting standard require the entity to allocate the amount initially recognized in respect of an item of property, plant, and equipment to its significant parts and depreciates separately each such part. This is called componentisation. However, information to componentise the existing assets of the government to its significant part would be very challenging due to the lack of information and the huge cost or effort to rebuild such information. Fortunately, the IPSAS board has recognises that when an entity first adopts IP-SASs, it may not have comprehensive information about the existence of all the assets under its control, and may require a period of time to obtain and compile appropriate records to account for such assets. A transition period of 3 years is given to fully adopt the requirements of the standard. Practicality and prag-matism has to be considered in this situation.

Are We There Yet? We are close to the finishing line but there is still few more to be done. The challenges that we face in Ma-laysia are no different from those faced by other countries which have implemented accrual accounting. While new standard operating procedures have been developed and appropriate training conducted, it will still take time for the entire government machinery to absorb them and adjust to these changes. The journey may be painful right now but it’s necessary to enhance the public sector’s fiscal discipline and governance for the betterment of the country.



THE JOURNEY SO FAR From Page 5

It always seems impossible until it’s done.

- Nelson Mandela -


The iA Group together with JANM, looks forward to completing the 1GFMAS Project mandated to us, which will enable the Government of Malaysia to have access to real time information in respect of its business affairs. 1GFMAS has caused a fundamental shift in Government accounting as it introduces a statement of the assets and liabilities of the Government (Balance Sheet) disclosing the net Financial Position of the Government at a given time. This offers fresh options to the Government in its fiscal and financial management. We believe the project is on track to Go Live on 1 January, 2018. As of 15 June 2017, we have achieved 100 percent completion of UAT and with the current momentum, we should be able to complete SIT and PAT. The completion of UAT validates the existence of a functional system (SAP) that works as designed. The ensuing activities like SIT and PAT will confirm the integrity and robustness of the system which consists a brand new and impressive front end (portal). The 1GFMAS Project has been a test of patience and endurance to both iA and JANM. Alhamdulilah with grace of Allah, we have endured the challenges and difficulties to get to where we are today. Inshallah, with the strong desire of both parties we will get to finishing line and achieve Go Live on 1 January, 2018. On behalf of iA, I would like to thank YBhg. Haji Dato’ Che Pee bin Samsudin and everyone in JANM for the unrelenting and sincere support given to us. Encik Halim Hj. Din Group Chairman, The iA Group


Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to

do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.

If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll

know when you find it.

- Steve Jobs -

SYSTEM INTEGRATOR’S (IA) COMMITMENT



Ia menggambarkan penurunan nilai dalam penggunaan aset oleh entiti yang mengawalnya. Sesuatu aset perlu dijejaskan nilainya apabila Amaun Bawaan (Carrying Amount, CA) aset melebihi Amaun Boleh Pulih (Recoverable Amount, RA) / Amaun Perkhidmatan Boleh Pulih (Recoverable Service Amount, RSA).

Pelaksanaan penjejasan diperjelaskan secara terperinci di dalam MPSAS berikut:

Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai adalah aset yang dipegang bukan dengan matlamat utama untuk menjana pulangan komersil dan sebaliknya bagi Aset Menjana Tunai.

Kebanyakan aset yang dipegang dalam Sektor Awam adalah Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai kerana aliran masuk tunai daripada manfaat ekonomi yang diperoleh daripada aset tersebut tidak akan melebihi aliran keluar tunai bagi menyenggara aset tersebut. Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai berkemungkinan terjejas nilainya disebabkan wujud petunjuk-petunjuk seperti contoh berikut:

Penjejasan adalah kerugian dalam manfaat ekonomi masa hadapan / potensi

perkhidmatan sesuatu aset, selain daripada pengiktirafan sistematik kerugian aset melalui susut nilai /

pelunasan.

SOP DAY 2 - IMPAIRMENT

>

CA RA / RSA

Kerugian Penjejasan

MPSAS 21 Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai

MPSAS 26 Aset Menjana Tunai

Faktor Sumber Luar

Faktor Sumber Dalaman

i Ketiadaan atau hampir tiada, permintaan atau keperluan bagi perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh aset tersebut

i Kerosakan fizikal sesuatu aset (cth. kerosakan jambatan akibat banjir) atau aset menjadi usang

ii Perubahan jangka panjang faktor luaran yang signifikan seperti perubahan persekitaran teknologi, perundangan atau dasar Kerajaan

ii Perubahan jangka panjang faktor dalaman yang signifikan (cth. perancangan untuk menamatkan operasi yang melibatkan sesuatu aset)

iii Penurunan ketara harga pasaran sesuatu aset

iii Bukti laporan dalaman (cth. laporan yang menunjukkan peningkatan kos pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan aset)


SOP DAY 2 - IMPAIRMENT

1. Adakah ini bermaksud kenderaan pejabat yang terlibat dalam kemalangan perlu dijejaskan nilainya?

Kerosakan fizikal kenderaan pejabat akibat kemalangan hanyalah merupakan petunjuk kepada kemungkinan berlakunya penjejasan. Bagi menen-tukan samada aset tersebut perlu dijejaskan nilainya atau tidak, entiti perlu melaksanakan ujian penjejasan. Bagi senario ini, MPSAS 21 adalah terpakai berikutan kenderaan pejabat adalah merupakan Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai.

Jika nilai CA kenderaan pejabat tersebut melebihi nilai RSA, nilai CA aset tersebut hendaklah dikurangkan kepada nilai RSA. Pengurangan ini dicatatkan sebagai Kerugian Penjejasan seperti contoh berikut:

2. Apakah itu RSA? RSA adalah amaun yang lebih tinggi di antara Nilai Saksama ditolak Kos untuk Menjual (Fair Value less Cost to Sell, FVCS) dan Nilai Sedang Digunakan (Value in Use, VIU).

3. Bagaimana hendak menentukan FVCS? Nilai saksama (Fair Value, FV) Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai boleh ditentukan melalui tiga (3) cara berikut:

FV yang telah ditentukan kemudiannya perlu di-tolak kos-kos terlibat bagi menjual aset tersebut (cth. Kos pengangkutan). 4. Bagaimana untuk menentukan VIU?

Bagi Aset Tidak Menjana Tunai, entiti boleh menggunakan tiga (3) cara berikut dalam menen-tukan VIU:

i. Pendekatan Kos Penggantian Disusut Nilai (Depreciated Replacement Cost Approach)

ii. Pendekatan Kos Baik Pulih (Restoration Cost Approach) iii. Pendekatan Unit Perkhidmatan (Service Units Approach) 5. Kesimpulan: i. Entiti hendaklah menilai, sekurang-

kurangnya pada setiap tarikh pelaporan sa-ma ada terdapat apa-apa petunjuk bahawa sesuatu aset mungkin terjejas.

ii. Jika wujud sebarang petunjuk, entiti hen-daklah menentukan nilai RSA aset tersebut.

iii. Bandingkan nilai CA dengan RSA. Jika:

iv. Sekiranya terdapat petunjuk bahawa penjejasan bagi sesuatu aset tidak lagi wujud (cth. peningkatan harga pasaran), entiti perlu melakukan transaksi timbal balik (reversal) kerugian penjejasan bagi aset ter-sebut. Nilai bawaan aset selepas reversal tidak boleh melebihi Amaun Bawaan bersih (sebelum sebarang penjejasan aset).

v. Bagi Aset Menjana Tunai, penjejasan perlu diiktiraf menurut MPSAS 26.

CA >

RSA Penjejasan

RM 35,000

RM 33,000

= RM 2,000


Nilai Saksama Tolak Kos

Untuk Menjual (FVCS)

Nilai Sedang Digunakan

(VIU)

Iktiraf kerugian penjejasan

CA > RSA

RSA lebih tinggi antara: CA > RSA Iktiraf penjejasan

CA ≤ RSA Tiada impak perakaunan

Harga aset

dalam

Perjanjian

Jualan

Harga

Pasaran Anggaran

Rujukan:- Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standard (MPSAS 21) Accounting Policies Manual Perakaunan Akruan Module 1, SOP Day 2 (Asset Impairment)


Selaras dengan inisiatif Kerajaan Malaysia untuk

mempromosikan pengggunaan ICT dalam pembelajaran yang

berterusan dan sepanjang hayat di kalangan penjawat awam,

JANM telah menjalinkan kerjasama dengan Institut Tadbiran

Awam Negara (INTAN) dalam membangunkan kursus secara

atas talian.


KURSUS MPSAS SECARA ATAS TALIAN

Semua penjawat awam khususnya warga JANM adalah dialu-alukan untuk mengikuti kursus ini.

“Life is like riding a bicycle.

To keep your balance, you must keep

moving”.

-Albert Einstein-

MPSAS 1 Pembentangan Penyata

Kewangan

MPSAS 9 Hasil daripada Urus Niaga

Pertukaran

MPSAS 12 Inventori

MPSAS 17 Hartanah, Loji dan

Peralatan

MPSAS 21 Penjejasan Aset Tidak

Menjana Tunai

MPSAS 23 Hasil daripada Urus Niaga

Bukan Pertukaran (Cukai

dan Pindahan)

MPSAS 26 Penjejasan Aset Menjana

Tunai

Bagus juga kursus secara

online ni ye. Jimat masa dan

boleh diikuti pada bila-bila

masa mengikut kesesuaian.

Kena cuba ni!

KURSUS SEDIA ADA:

1. MPSAS 1 & MPSAS 17

2. MPSAS 9 & MPSAS 23

3. MPSAS 12

4. MPSAS 21 & 26


Pasukan Pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan

MIGRASI DATA MOCK RUN 5

PELAKSANAAN LATIHAN PERAKAUNAN AKRUAN DI KEMENTERIAN 2016

ANTARA TOPIK PELAKSANAAN

LATIHAN DI KEMENTERIAN

11



Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things

- Peter Drucker -

AKTIVITI PENGURUSAN PERUBAHAN

PROGRAM FACE TO FACE KEMENTERIAN DAN PTJ

Program face-to-face engagement adalah aktiviti pengurusan perubahan bagi mendapatkan maklumbalas persediaan dan keberkesanan Latihan Perakaunan Akruan di Kementerian dan PTJ terpilih. (i) Bahagian Kewangan Imigresen, KDN; (ii) Jabatan Perumahan Negara, KPKT; (iii) Bahagian Kewangan, JPM; (iv) Pelbagai PTJ, MOTAC; (v) Bahagian Pengurusan Pembangunan dan Kewangan, MPIC; dan (vi) Bahagian Kewangan, KWP. Perjumpaan dengan KA masing-masing juga telah diadakan.

PROGRAM TEH TARIK 3 LAYER

Menerapkan nilai teamwork antara JANM dan iA dalam memastikan kejayaan pembangunan sistem 1GFMAS dan Go Live 2018. Melibatkan ketua modul BPTM dan IA serta PPPA.

Dapatkan Frequently Ask Questions (FAQ) berkaitan Pelaksanaan Perakaunan Akruan di www2.anm.gov.my

03 8882 1018 [email protected] www2.anm.gov.my

HOTLINE : 1 300 8888 42

EMAIL : [email protected]

Isu No. 10 FOKUS AKRUAN · · 2017-11-22on accounting and reporting by central governments...

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Transcript of Isu No. 10 FOKUS AKRUAN · · 2017-11-22on accounting and reporting by central governments...