Information Search and Analyzing Skills(ISAS)

Cloud Computing Architecture

Azka Taufiq (1310010313)Fary Maliombo (1310010xxx)Faculty : Bayu Citra, S.T.

Engineering Center Building, 3rd floor, Faculty of Engineering

University of Indonesia, Depok 16424August 28, 2014

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PrefaceAssalamualaikum wr.wb.For all bless of God, this article can finish. This article made based on this articles goal that increase the knowledge for reader. In here the article explain about Parallel Computing Architecture.Hope this article can give many benefit for reader. Because actually every mistake is just human have and every truth just Allah that have. Really sorry for every mistake in this article, hopefully will be better soon.Wassalamualaikum wr.wb

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Table of ContentsPreface iTable of Contents iiTable of Figures iiiCHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 11.1 Background 11.2 Writing Objective 11.3 Problem Domain 21.4 Writing Methodology 21.5 Writing Framework 2CHAPTER II: BASIC THEORY 42.1 Definition of Cloud Computing 42.2 Overview of Cloud Computing 5CHAPTER III: PROBLEM ANALYSIS 73. Cloud Computing Architecture 73.1 Cloud Clients Platform 73.2 Cloud Storage 73.3 Cloud

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION DAN SUGGESTION 144.1 Conclusion 144.2 Suggestion 14BIBLIOGRAPHY 15CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

1.1 BackgroundThe use of technology on the internet has increased. Everyone must have enjoyed the services of the internet. The development of computer technology with the internet now is more directed at the implementation of the system is easy and does not require time and effort. Information technology system is now much limited by space, for the required servers for data storage and increased hardware capability is very limited and very expensive cost to add a new device. Now, comes the concept of information technology, called cloud computing. The term is probably not much heard, because it is still new but its so incredible. Companies in the IT field a lot that are heading there. Cloud computing is used because of the emergence of limited resources causing delays some computational activity.Cloud computing is expected to be the replacement of existing systems and environmentally friendly. Cloud computing is developing internet network technology to create a very large computer and save resources and hardware used. The emergence of this new IT model can significantly reduce the costs and complexity while improving workload optimization and service. Cloud computing can be developed on a large scale provides the experience and get something new.

1.2 Writing ObjectiveThe purpose of writing this article is providing information about the cloud computing architecture technology and learning more about this new technology systems. We expect this research will give readers better understanding about the latest technology, because the discussion of this technology is still very little to discuss the development.1

1.3 Problem DomainIn this paper we will discuss about cloud computing architecture itself and the advantages. The restrictions on the issue of the writing of this article including:1. Only discusses cloud computing architecture.2. Provides an advantages and benefits of cloud computing architecture.1.4 Writing MethodologyIn the above discussion, the authors make literature study by collecting literature in the form of e-books, articles, and encyclopedia. For the technical writing of scientific works the authors use and refer to the guide the writing of the Information Search and Analyzing Skillsthe official CCIT website.1.5 Writing FrameworkTo facilitate the preparation of this report, the systematic is used as follows:CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONThis chapter describes the background discussed in this article, objective, problem domain, writing methodology, and writing framework.CHAPTER II BASIC THEORYThis chapter describes the definition, history of cloud computing architecture and things related to cloud computing architecture using data derived from the methodology writing.CHAPTER III PROBLEM ANALYSIS2This chapter describes the overview & benefits, many systems of cloud computing architecture and work system of cloud computing architecture itself.

CHAPTER IV SUMMARY3This chapter loads the contents of the overall conclusions of the previous chapters and the advices of the results obtained and expected to be useful in the future development.CHAPTER IIBASIC THEORY

2.1 Definition of Cloud ComputingCloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.2.2 Overview of Cloud ComputingCloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence andeconomies of scale, similar to a utility (like theelectricity grid) over a network.At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept ofconverged infrastructureandshared services.

Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for allocating resources to users. For example, a cloud computer facility that serves European users during European business hours with a specific application (e.g., email) may reallocate the same resources to serve North American users during North America's business hours with a different application (e.g., a web server). This approach should maximize the use of computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well since less power, air conditioning, rack space, etc. are required for a variety of functions. With cloud computing, multiple users can access a single server to retrieve and update their data without purchasing licenses for different applications.42.3 History of Cloud ComputingThe idea of an"intergalactic computer network"was introduced in thesixties by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969. His vision was for everyone on the globe to be interconnected and accessing programs and data at any site, from anywhere, explained Margaret Lewis, product marketing director at AMD. "It is a vision that sounds a lot like what we are calling cloud computing." Other experts attribute the cloud concept to computer scientistJohn McCarthywho proposed the idea of computation being delivered as a public utility, similar tothe service bureauswhich date back to the sixties.Since the sixties, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines, with Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution. However, since the internet only started to offer significant bandwidth in the nineties, cloud computing for the masses has been something of a late developer. One of the first milestones incloud computing historywas the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website. The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk.5Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which to run their own computer applications. "Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service," said Jeremy Allaire, CEO ofBrightcove, which provides its SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers. Another big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such asGoogle Apps. "The most important contribution to cloud computing has been the emergence of "killer apps" from

6leading technology giants such as Microsoft and Google. When these companies deliver services in a way that is reliable and easy to consume, the knock-on effect to the industry as a whole is a wider general acceptance of online services," said Dan Germain, chief technology officer at IT service providerCobweb Solutions. Other key factors that have enabled cloud computing to evolve include the maturing of virtualization technology, the development of universal high-speed bandwidth, and universal software interoperability standards, said UK cloud computing pioneer Jamie Turner. Turner added, "As cloud computing extends its reach beyond a handful of early-adopter Google Docs users, we can only begin to imagine its scope and reach. Pretty much anything can be delivered from the cloud.Following the cloud"Many IT professionals recognize the benefits cloud computing offers in terms of increased storage, flexibility and cost reduction," said Songnian Zhou, chief executive officer of Platform Computing. But he added that IT directors still have concerns about the security of their corporate data in the cloud. This means that it will be 2010 at the earliest before cloud adoption sees increased growth. Julian Friedman, a specialist in emerging technologies, said that security and other concerns will soon be resolved. "Considerations such as security, data privacy, network performance and economics are likely to lead to a mix of cloud computing centres both within the company firewall and outside of it." He added that today's applications will naturally move towards a cloud model as they become more pervasively available through the web, require more data processing, and span the boundaries of multiple devices.7Experts seem to agree that cloud computing will ultimately transform today's computing landscape. Andreas Asander, vice-principal of product management at virtualization security specialist Clavister, said that once the security issues are resolved, cloud computing services "can enable an enterprise to expand its infrastructure, add capacity on demand, or outsource the whole infrastructure, resulting in greater flexibility, a wider choice of computing resources and significant cost savings." It is clear that cloud computing can bring enormous benefits for IT users. However, the bottom line for IT directors is that they will need to continue to manage their internal computing environments, whilst learning how to secure, manage and monitor the growing range of external resources residing in the cloud.

CHAPTER IIIANALYSIS

3. Cloud Computing Architecture3.1 Cloud Clients Platform Acloud clientconsists ofcomputer hardwareand/orsoftwarethat relies oncloud computingforapplication delivery, or that is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and that, in either case, is essentially useless without it. Examples include somecomputers, phones and other devices,operating systemsandbrowsers. The example of cloud platform is Cloud Foundation, Cloud Infrastructure Services, Cloud Application Services.3.2 Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is believed to have been invented byJoseph Carl Robnett Lickliderin the 1960s with his work onARPANETto connect people and data from anywhere at any time.However,Kurt Vonnegutrefers to a cloud "that does all the heavy thinking for everybody" in his bookSirens of Titan(1959). In 1994,AT&Tlaunched PersonaLink Services, an online platform for personal and business communication and entrepreneurship. The storage was one of the first to be all web-based, and referenced in their commercials as, "you can think of our electronic meeting place as the cloud."Amazon Web Servicesintroduced their cloud storage serviceAWS S3in 2006, and has gained widespread recognition and adoption as the storage supplier to popular services likeSmugmug,Dropbox, andPinterest.8

Cloud storageis a model of data storage where the digital data is stored in logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers (and often locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by ahostingcompany. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment protected and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store end user, organization, orapplication data.Cloud storage services may be accessed through a co-located cloud compute service, aweb serviceapplication programming interface(API) or by applications that utilize the API, such as cloud desktop storage, acloud storage gatewayorWeb-basedcontent management systems. Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and is like broadercloud computingin terms of accessible interfaces, near-instant elasticity andscalability,multi-tenancy, andmeteredresources. Cloud storage services can be utilized from an off-premises service (Amazon S3) or deployed on-premises (ViON Capacity Services). Cloud storage typically refers to a hostedobject storageservice, but the term has broadened to include other types of data storage that are now available as a service, like block storage.

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3.3 Cloud Based Delivery3.3.1 Software as a Service (SaaS)Software as a serviceis asoftwarelicensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.It is sometimes referred to as "on-demand software".SaaS is typically accessed byusersusing athin clientvia aweb browser. SaaS has become a common delivery model for many business applications, including office & messaging software, DBMS software, management software, CAD software, development software,gamification, virtualization,accounting,collaboration,customer relationship management(CRM),management information systems(MIS),enterprise resource planning(ERP), invoicing,human resource management(HRM),content management(CM) and service desk management. SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of all leadingenterprise software companies. One of the biggest selling points for these companies is the potential to reduce IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the SaaS provider. 11The term "software as a service" (SaaS) is considered to be part of the nomenclature ofcloud computing, along withinfrastructure as a service(IaaS),platform as a service(PaaS),desktop as a service(DaaS),backend as a service(BaaS), and information technology management as a service (ITMaaS). 3.3.2 Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a service(PaaS) is a category ofcloud computing servicesthat provides acomputing platformand asolution stackas a service.Along withsoftware as a service (SaaS) andinfrastructure as a service(IaaS), it is a service model of cloud computing. In this model, the consumer creates an application or service using tools and/or libraries from the provider. The consumer also controls software deployment and configuration settings. The provider provides the networks, servers, storage, and other services that are required to host the consumer's application. PaaS offerings facilitate the deployment of applications or services without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software and provisioning hosting capabilities.All "as-a-service" offerings are characterized as providing low initial cost, incremental cost as your service usage grows, self-service, best practices built-in, resource sharing, automated deployment, management services, lifecycle management, reuse. PaaS provides these capabilities for application and service development.11PaaS offerings may also include facilities for application design, application development, testing, and deployment as well as services such as team collaboration, web service integration, andmarshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation, and developer community facilitation.3.3.3 Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS)The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).In the most basic cloud-service model & according to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), providers of IaaS offer computers physical or (more often) virtual machines and other resources. (Ahypervisor, such asXen,Oracle VirtualBox,KVM,VMware ESX/ESXi, orHyper-Vruns the virtual machines as guests. Pools of hypervisors within the cloud operational support-system can support large numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and down according to customers' varying requirements.) IaaS clouds often offer additional resources such as a virtual-machinedisk imagelibrary, rawblock storage, and file orobject storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses,virtual local area networks(VLANs), and software bundles. IaaS-cloud providers supply these resources on-demand from their large pools installed indata centers. Forwide-areaconnectivity, customers can use either the Internet orcarrier clouds(dedicated virtual private networks).12To deploy their applications, cloud users install operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. In this model, the cloud user patches and maintains the operating systems and the application software. Cloud providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis: cost reflects the amount of resources allocated and consumed. CHAPTER IVSUMMARY

4.1ConclusionCloud Computing using a general concept of SaaS, or Software as a Service, where users can directly use the supplied application without having to think about the purchase of licenses in use. Users only need a client device connected to the Internet to store data into the server Cloud Computing. In Cloud Computing, a user does not need to install the software for each computer, because the network internet that will replace all the software. In use, what the user can see in a web browser is a web server. Web server running the software to collect and present orders or instructions to the user. Web service will provide a general mechanism for the delivery of services, it is what makes the Service Oriented Architecture (SAO) can be applied. In SAO, software resources will be in the pack as a self-service that provides basic business functions and other functions. Maturity web service allows the creation of robust services and can be accessed on demand in a uniform way.

3.2Suggestion

Cloud Computing is the easiest way for data storage, because the user can access their data anywhere and anytime. But the drawback is very in need internet connection to use cloud computing. If somewhere there is no internet connection, the user will not be able to obtain data previously stored. Preferably, before using Cloud Computing User's worth storing data on a hard drive also menceah possibilities for cloud computing servers that were damaged or unavailability of the internet connection.13BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing_architecture[8/30/2014]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#History[8/31/2014]http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/upload/NIST_SP-500-291_Version-2_2013_June18_FINAL.pdf[9/1/2014]P. Mell et al, NIST definition of cloud computing, vol. 15, October 2009.[9/1/2014]Welcome to the Data Cloud, Semantic Web blog, ZDnet, http://blogs.zdnet.com/semanticweb/?p=205[9/2/2014]

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