IS14 First Aid.doc
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NO DAN TAJUK MODUL/MODULE NO AND TITLE
MODUL 14 / FIRST AID
NO DAN TAJUK TUGAS/TASK(S) AND TASK STATEMENT
Comply with Safety Rules & Regulations First Aid Treatment
OBJEKTIF PENCAPAIAN PIAWAIAN / TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJEKTIVE
Apply first aid treatment by identifying the nature of injuries using appropriate instrument and procedures so that proper treatment and assistance can be redeemed.
NO. KOD / CODE NO 014 Muka : 1 Drp : 12
TITLE: FIRST AID
PURPOSE:
Trainee will be able to create awareness regarding the importance of first aid and the content
of the first aid kit
INTRODUCTION:
First aid is the provision of limited care for an illness or injury, which is provided, usually by a
lay person, to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed, or
until the illness or injury is dealt with (as not all illnesses or injuries will require a higher level
of treatment). It generally consists of series of simple, sometimes life saving, medical
techniques, that an individual, either with or without formal medical training, can be trained to
perform with minimal equipment.
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY & TOURISMLakeside CampusNo 1, Jalan Taylors47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor
INFORMATION SHEET
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 2 Drp : 12
FIRST AID SYMBOL
Although commonly associated with first aid, the symbol of a red cross is an official protective
symbol of the Red Cross. According to the Geneva Conventions and other international law, the
use of this and similar symbols is reserved for official agencies of the International Red Cross
and Red Crescent, and as a protective emblem for medical personnel and facilities in combat
situations. Use by any other person or organization is illegal, and may lead to prosecution.
WHAT IS FIRST AID?
First aid is defined as the immediate care given to the victim of an injury or a sudden illness
The person who administers first aid knows that skill in first – aid techniques can mean the
difference between life and death
Only person who are qualified should be permitted to administer first aid.
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FIRST AIDER
In the management of a casuality, your responsibility as a First Aider is to:
Access the situation without endangering your own life
Identify the disease or condition from which the casualty is suffering
Give immediate, appropriate and adequate treatment
Arrange without delay, for the diaposal of casualty to a doctor, hospital or home
according to the seriousness of the casualty condition.
Your responsibility ends when the casualty is handed over to the care of a doctor,
nurseor other appropriate person. You should not leave the incident until you have made
your report to whoever takes charge and have ascertained whether you could be of any
further help.
ISO First Aid Symbol
Red Cross Symbol
NO KOD: 014 Muka :3 Drp : 12
FIRST AID BOX
A first-aid box/kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid, particularly
in a medical emergency. Most first-aid kits contain bandages for controlling bleeding, personal
protective equipment such as gloves and a breathing barrier for performing rescue breathing and
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and sometimes instructions on how to perform first aid.
Contents of a First Aid Box/Kit
One list of items for a first-aid kit are as follows:
Sterile gauze pads, 4 x 4 inches, packaged individually, to stop bleeding (10 pads)
Heavy dressing, called ‘ABD Pad’, for serious bleeding (6 pads)
Gauze bandage to wrap injuries, these are self-adhering but do not stick to the skin (2 rolls)
Adhesive tape in 1 or 2 inch width (1 roll)
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 4 Drp : 12
Cotton swabs to look under the eyelid for a foreign body (1 package)
Scissors, for cutting bandages (1 number) & tweezer
Flashlight
Safety Pin (10 numbers)
Hydrogen Peroxide for clearing small wounds (1 bottle)
Medicated plaster, for covering small cuts (10 pieces)
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 5 Drp : 12
Eye cup, for rinsing eyes ball
Paracetamul & Lozenges
Cotton Balls
Hygiene Gloves ( 2 pairs)
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 6 Drp : 12
MINOR INJURIES & THE TREATMENT USING FIRST AID KIT
Shock
This is the manifestation of changes in which the circulation fails because either the pressure
or volume of circulating blood has fallen o a dangerous level. This is because the blood
flowing to the vital organs is insufficient to keep them supplied with oxygen and functioning.
The body reacts to shock by diverting available blood to the vital organs (e.g. brain, heart and
kidneys) away from less important issues like skin.
It is a serious condition which can prove fatal.
Cause of shock
Severe bleeding – external and internal
Loss of plasma – due to severe burns
Heart failure
Severe abdominal emergencies – ruptured appendix
Loss of body fluid – vomiting, diarrhea
Signs and Symtoms of Shock
Cold clammy skin, pallor, sweating, blurred vision
Vomitting
Thirst
Shallow, rapid breathing
Unconcious
Treatment
Lay casualty down and give assurance
Deal with the underlying cause of shock
Keep the head low and turned to one side and if possible raise lower limbs. If the head is
injured, support the shoulders slightly and move head to one side
Loosen clothing, especially at neck and waist
Do not give anything to drink, if thirsty, just moisten lips with water
Try not to move the casualty, but cover with a blanket
Get casualty to hospital
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 7 Drp : 12
TREATMENT FOR SHOCK
- Do not move victim unnecessarily- Treat any cause you can remedy- Lay him down, keeping his head
low and to one side to lessen the dangers of vomitting
- Raise his legs and rest them n folded clothes (if you suspect a leg fractures)
- Loosen tight clothing at his neck, chest and waist
- Shelter him from extremes of temperature. Keep him comfortable, wrapping a blanket, rug or coat around him if necessary.
- Moisten his lips with water but not to give him anything to drink.
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 8 Drp : 12
Electrical Shock
Switch off current
If not possible, free the person by using a dry insulating material such as cloth, wood or
rubber
Do not use bare hands otherwise the electric shock may be transmitted
If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration
Send for the doctor immediately
Burns & Scalds
Burns are caused by dry heat e.g. fire flame, friction and radiation
Scalds are caused by moist heat e.g. boiling water, hot oil, steam, tar and etc.
General Treatment
Reassure the casualty. Place the injured part under slowly running cold water immerse it
in cold water for at least 10 minutes. If no water available, use any cold, harmless liquid
such as milk or beer instead.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes or other contricting clothing from the
injured area before it starts to swell.
Dress the area with clea, preferably sterile, non-fluffy material.
If in doubt about the severity of the injury, seek medical aid.
** Do not break blisters, remove any loose skin or otherwise interfere with the injured area** Do not apply lotions, ointments or fat to the injury** Do not use adhesive dressing
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 9 Drp : 12
Bleeding - Controlling
Pad and dress the wound
Do not try to remove large deeply embedded objects
Try and raise the affected part, if possible, if no fracture is apparent
Treatment – Bleeding & Cuts
Apply some form of padding and apply pressure by pressing with fingertips to the wound
for at least 15 minutes
Clear off any dirt or foreign bodies and apply a sterile padded dressing. Secure it firmly.
Fractures
A fractures is a broken or cracked bones
A fractured bone is usually apparent by swelling at the site of the fracture, tenderness,
deformity of the limb, loss of movement
If possible treat the fracture before moving casualty
Treatment
Avoid moving the casualty
Place the blanket over him to keep him warm
If movement of casualty is necessary, steady and support the injured parts before any
lifting or moving takes place
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 10 Drp : 12
TREATMENT OF MINOR BURNS & SCALDS
- Dress the area with clean, preferably sterile, non fluffy material
- Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes or other contricting clothing from the victim
- Reassure the victim- Place the injured part under slwly
running cold water/immerse in cold water for at least 10 minutes ( to avoid the burning area causing the tissues to continue to ‘cook’)
- If no water available, use any cold harmless liquid like milk or beer.
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 11 Drp : 12
Poisoning
A poison is any substance that, if taken into body in sufficient quantity, can cause
temporary or permanent damage. Whatever the cause of poisoning, medical aid should
always be sought as soon as possible
Never attempts to make the casualty vomit; it is ineffective and you may worsen the
situation.
General Symptom & Signs
Information from the casualty or an onlooker suggesting contact with a poison. Try to find
out exactly what was involved and, if swallowed, when and how much was taken.
Casualty may be delirious and have convulsions
Possible frothing at the mouth
Unconciousness may develop
If poison was swallowed, casualty may begin retching or vomiting or suffer from diarrhea.
General Treatment
Quickly ask the conscious casualty what happen, remember he may loose concoiusness
at any time
If his lips or mouth show signs of burning, cool them by giving him water or milk to sip
slowly
Place him in the Recovery Position, even if he is not unconscious
If conciousness is lost, follow the ABC of Resuscitation immediately
Arrange urgent removal to hospital. Send with him any samples of vomit and any
containers such as bottles or pill boxes found nearby.
NO KOD: 014 Muka : 12 Drp : 12
QUESTION
1. What is first aid?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. List down 3 responsibilities of the first aiders.
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________
3. State the function of these items:
a) Sterile gauze pads : ________________________________________
b) Hydrogen Peroxide : ________________________________________
c) ABD pad : ________________________________________________
4. What are the different between burns and scalds?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. State 3 symptom of shock
a. __________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________
6. Why we cannot try to make the victim to vomit in poisoning case?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________